Analisis Kestabilan Kendaraan Mini Truck Sang Surya Pada Saat Pengereman

Rem adalah bagian penting dari kendaraan, yang berfungsi untuk memperlambat atau menghentikan kendaraan. Ada berbagai jenis rem yang memiliki karakteristik masing-masing. Tujuannya untuk menentukan kapasitas pengereman maksimum as roda depan dan roda belakang dengan perbedaan kecepatan kendaraan. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengubah kecepatan kendaraan. Tetapi kecepatan dengan jarak berhenti yang sama, yang salah satu variasi kecepatan 50 km/jam, 60 km/jam, 70 km/jam, 80 km/jam, 90km/jam dan jarak berhenti adalah 50 meter. Dari perhitungan dinamika kendaraan pengereman, ditemukan bahwa Mobil Mini Truck Sang Surya kendaraan dengan kecepatan 90 km/jam perlambatan adalah 3,470 m/s2 menghasilkan gaya tuas rem adalah 514.459 N pada kiri dan gaya tuas rem 439.173 N pada kanan, pada kecepatan 80 km/jam perlambatan adalah 3,086 m/s2 menghasilkan gaya tuas rem adalah 481.111 N pada kiri dan gaya tuas rem adalah 410.705 N pada kanan, pada kecepatan 70 km/jam perlambatan adalah 2,699 m/s2 menghasilkan gaya tuas rem adalah 447.428 N pada kiri dan gaya tuas rem adalah 381.951 N pada kanan, pada kecepatan 60 km/jam perlambatan adalah 2,316 m/s2 menghasilkan gaya tuas rem adalah 414.241 N pada kiri dan gaya tuas rem adalah 353.621 N pada kanan, pada kecepatan 50 km/jam perlambatan adalah 1,929 m/s2 menghasilkan gaya tuas rem adalah 380.627 N pada kiri dan gaya tuas rem adalah 324.925 N pada kanan. Gaya pada tuas rem adalah gaya yang harus dipenuhi oleh unit rem terkandung di dalam kendaraan tersebut

The Importance of Self-Management in the Context of Personalized Care in COPD

Despite current guidelines and decades of evidence on the benefits of a self-management approach, self-management of COPD remains relatively under-utilized in clinical care compared with other chronic diseases. However, self-management interventions can play a valuable role in supporting people with COPD to respond to changing symptoms, and thereby make appropriate decisions regarding the management of their own chronic condition. In this review, we discuss the history and evolution of the concept of self-management, assess current multidisciplinary support programs and clinical interactions designed to optimize self-management, and reflect on how effective these are in terms of clinical and humanistic outcomes. We also evaluate the mechanisms for encouraging change from protocol-based care towards a more personalized care approach, and discuss the role of digital self-management interventions and the importance of addressing health inequalities in COPD treatment, which have been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflecting on the importance of self-management in the context of symptom monitoring and provision of educational support, including information from patient organizations and charities, we discuss the ideal components of a self-management plan for COPD and provide six key recommendations for its implementation: 1) better education for healthcare professionals on disease management and consultation skills; 2) new targets and priorities for patient-focused outcomes; 3) skills gap audits to identify barriers to self-management; 4) best practice sharing within primary care networks and ongoing professional development; 5) enhanced initial consultations to establish optimal self-management from the outset; and 6) negotiation and sharing of self-management plans at the point of diagnosis

Phenotypes and rates of cancer-relevant symptoms and tests in the year before cancer diagnosis in UK Biobank and CPRD Gold

Early diagnosis of cancer relies on accurate assessment of cancer risk in patients presenting with symptoms, when screening is not appropriate. But recorded symptoms in cancer patients pre-diagnosis may vary between different sources of electronic health records (EHRs), either genuinely or due to differential completeness of symptom recording. To assess possible differences, we analysed primary care EHRs in the year pre-diagnosis of cancer in UK Biobank and Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) populations linked to cancer registry data. We developed harmonised phenotypes in Read v2 and CTV3 coding systems for 21 symptoms and eight blood tests relevant to cancer diagnosis. Among 22,601 CPRD and 11,594 UK Biobank cancer patients, 54% and 36%, respectively, had at least one consultation for possible cancer symptoms recorded in the year before their diagnosis. Adjusted comparisons between datasets were made using multivariable Poisson models, comparing rates of symptoms/tests in CPRD against expected rates if cancer site-age-sex-deprivation associations were the same as in UK Biobank. UK Biobank cancer patients compared with those in CPRD had lower rates of consultation for possible cancer symptoms [RR: 0.61 (0.59-0.63)], and lower rates for any primary care consultation [RR: 0.86 (95%CI 0.85-0.87)]. Differences were larger for 'non-alarm' symptoms [RR: 0.54 (0.52-0.56)], and smaller for 'alarm' symptoms [RR: 0.80 (0.76-0.84)] and blood tests [RR: 0.93 (0.90-0.95)]. In the CPRD cohort, approximately representative of the UK population, half of cancer patients had recorded symptoms in the year before diagnosis. The frequency of non-specific presenting symptoms recorded in the year pre-diagnosis of cancer was substantially lower among UK Biobank participants. The degree to which results based on highly selected biobank cohorts are generalisable needs to be examined in disease-specific contexts

Corrigendum to “Analysis of domain shift in whole prostate gland, zonal and lesions segmentation and detection, using multicentric retrospective data” [Comput. Biol. Med. 17 (2024) 108216]

ProCAncer-I Consortium, Rodrigues, N. M., de Almeida, J. G., Castro Verde, A. S., Gaivão, A. M., Bilreiro, C., Santiago, I., Ip, J., Belião, S., Moreno, R., Matos, C., Vanneschi, L., Tsiknakis, M., Marias, K., Regge, D., Silva, S., & Papanikolaou, N. (2024). Corrigendum to “Analysis of domain shift in whole prostate gland, zonal and lesions segmentation and detection, using multicentric retrospective data” [Comput. Biol. Med. 17 (2024) 108216]. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 1. Article 108352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108352The authors regret to inform that the affiliations of José Guilherme de Almeida and Ana Sofia Castro Verde are incorrect in the pdf. These authors are affiliated with institution aComputational Clinical Imaging Group Champalimaud Foundation Portugal. The authors would like to deeply apologise for any inconvenience caused.publishersversionpublishe

Analysis of domain shift in whole prostate gland, zonal and lesions segmentation and detection, using multicentric retrospective data

Rodrigues, N. M., Almeida, J. G. D., Verde, A. S. C., Gaivão, A. M., Bilreiro, C., Santiago, I., Ip, J., Belião, S., Moreno, R., Matos, C., Vanneschi, L., Tsiknakis, M., Marias, K., Regge, D., Silva, S., & Papanikolaou, N. (2024). Analysis of domain shift in whole prostate gland, zonal and lesions segmentation and detection, using multicentric retrospective data. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 171, 1-22. Article 108216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108216 --- This work was partially supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, through funding of the LASIGE Research Unit refs. UIDB/00408/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/00408/2020), UIDP/00408/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/00408/2020) and UIDB/04152/2020 - Centro de Investigação em Gestão de Informação (MagIC)/NOVA IMS. Nuno M. Rodrigues was supported by PhD Grant 2021/05322/BD. All authors except Nuno Rodrigues, Leonardo Vanneschi and Sara Silva, were supported by the European Union H2020: ProCAncer-I project (EU grant 952159)Despite being one of the most prevalent forms of cancer, prostate cancer (PCa) shows a significantly high survival rate, provided there is timely detection and treatment. Computational methods can help make this detection process considerably faster and more robust. However, some modern machine-learning approaches require accurate segmentation of the prostate gland and the index lesion. Since performing manual segmentations is a very time-consuming task, and highly prone to inter-observer variability, there is a need to develop robust semi-automatic segmentation models. In this work, we leverage the large and highly diverse ProstateNet dataset, which includes 638 whole gland and 461 lesion segmentation masks, from 3 different scanner manufacturers provided by 14 institutions, in addition to other 3 independent public datasets, to train accurate and robust segmentation models for the whole prostate gland, zones and lesions. We show that models trained on large amounts of diverse data are better at generalizing to data from other institutions and obtained with other manufacturers, outperforming models trained on single-institution single-manufacturer datasets in all segmentation tasks. Furthermore, we show that lesion segmentation models trained on ProstateNet can be reliably used as lesion detection models.publishersversionpublishe

Beta-alanine (Carnosyn™) supplementation in elderly subjects (60–80 years): effects on muscle carnosine content and physical capacity

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of beta-alanine supplementation on exercise capacity and the muscle carnosine content in elderly subjects. Eighteen healthy elderly subjects (60–80 years, 10 female and 4 male) were randomly assigned to receive either beta-alanine (BA, n = 12) or placebo (PL, n = 6) for 12 weeks. The BA group received 3.2 g of beta-alanine per day (2 × 800 mg sustained-release Carnosyn™ tablets, given 2 times per day). The PL group received 2 × (2 × 800 mg) of a matched placebo. At baseline (PRE) and after 12 weeks (POST-12) of supplementation, assessments were made of the muscle carnosine content, anaerobic exercise capacity, muscle function, quality of life, physical activity and food intake. A significant increase in the muscle carnosine content of the gastrocnemius muscle was shown in the BA group (+85.4%) when compared with the PL group (+7.2%) (p = 0.004; ES: 1.21). The time-to-exhaustion in the constant-load submaximal test (i.e., TLIM) was significantly improved (p = 0.05; ES: 1.71) in the BA group (+36.5%) versus the PL group (+8.6%). Similarly, time-to-exhaustion in the incremental test was also significantly increased (p = 0.04; ES 1.03) following beta-alanine supplementation (+12.2%) when compared with placebo (+0.1%). Significant positive correlations were also shown between the relative change in the muscle carnosine content and the relative change in the time-to-exhaustion in the TLIM test (r = 0.62; p = 0.01) and in the incremental test (r = 0.48; p = 0.02). In summary, the current data indicate for the first time, that beta-alanine supplementation is effective in increasing the muscle carnosine content in healthy elderly subjects, with subsequent improvement in their exercise capacity

The role of salt abuse on risk for hypercalciuria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Elevated sodium excretion in urine resulting from excessive sodium intake can lead to hypercalciuria and contribute to the formation of urinary stones. The aim of this study was to evaluate salt intake in patients with urinary lithiasis and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Between August 2007 and June 2008, 105 lithiasic patients were distributed into 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 55): patients with IH (urinary calcium excretion > 250 mg in women and 300 mg in men with normal serum calcium); Group 2 (n = 50): normocalciuric patients (NC). Inclusion criteria were: age over 18 years, normal renal function (creatinine clearance ≥ 60 ml/min), absent proteinuria and negative urinary culture. Pregnant women, patients with intestinal pathologies, chronic diarrhea or using corticoids were excluded. The protocol of metabolic investigation was based on non-consecutive collection of two 24-hour samples for dosages of: calcium, sodium, uric acid, citrate, oxalate, magnesium and urinary volume. Food intake was evaluated by the three-day dietary record quantitative method, and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Sodium intake was evaluated based on 24-hour urinary sodium excretion.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The distribution in both groups as regards mean age (42.11 ± 10.61 vs. 46.14 ± 11.52), weight (77.14 ± 16.03 vs. 75.99 ± 15.80), height (1.64 ± 0.10 vs. 1.64 <b>± plusorminus </b>0.08) and BMI (28.78 ± 5.81 vs. 28.07 ± 5.27) was homogeneous. Urinary excretion of calcium (433.33 ± 141.92 vs. 188.93 ± 53.09), sodium (280.08 ± 100.94 vs. 200.44.93 ± 65.81), uric acid (880.63 ± 281.50 vs. 646.74 ± 182.76) and magnesium (88.78 ± 37.53 vs. 64.34 ± 31.84) was significantly higher in the IH group (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in calcium intake between the groups, and there was significantly higher salt intake in patients with IH than in NC.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study showed that salt intake was higher in patients with IH as compared to NC.</p

Interferon lambda 4 impacts the genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly variable pathogen that frequently establishes chronic infection. This genetic variability is affected by the adaptive immune response but the contribution of other host factors is unclear. Here, we examined the role played by interferon lambda-4 (IFN-λ4) on HCV diversity; IFN-λ4 plays a crucial role in spontaneous clearance or establishment of chronicity following acute infection. We performed viral genome-wide association studies using human and viral data from 485 patients of white ancestry infected with HCV genotype 3a. We demonstrate that combinations of host genetic variants, which determine IFN-λ4 protein production and activity, influence amino acid variation across the viral polyprotein - not restricted to specific viral proteins or HLA restricted epitopes - and modulate viral load. We also observed an association with viral di-nucleotide proportions. These results support a direct role for IFN-λ4 in exerting selective pressure across the viral genome, possibly by a novel mechanism

A mitotic recombination map proximal to the APC locus on chromosome 5q and assessment of influences on colorectal cancer risk

Mitotic recombination is important for inactivating tumour suppressor genes by copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Although meiotic recombination maps are plentiful, little is known about mitotic recombination. The APC gene (chr5q21) is mutated in most colorectal tumours and its usual mode of LOH is mitotic recombination.