Implementation of Efficient Multilayer Perceptron ANN Neurons on Field Programmable Gate Array Chip

Artificial Neural Network is widely used to learn data from systems for different types of applications. The capability of different types of Integrated Circuit (IC) based ANN structures also depends on the hardware backbone used for their implementation. In this work, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) neuron is developed. Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the hardware realization of the artificial neuron using FPGA. Two different activation functions (i.e. tan-sigmoid and log-sigmoid) were tested for the implementation of the proposed neuron. Simulation result shows that tan-sigmoid with a high index (i.e. k >= 40) is a better choice of sigmoid activation function for the harware implemetation of a MLP-ANN neuron

Effect of Mass per Unit Length on freely vibrating Simply Supported Rayleigh Beam

In this paper, free vibration characteristics of a uniform Rayleigh beam are studied using the differential transform method. The procedure entails transforming the partial differential equation governing the motion of the beam under consideration and the associated boundary conditions. The transformation yields a set of difference equations. Some simple algebraic operations are performed on the resulting difference equations to determine any ith natural frequency and the closed-form series function for any ith mode shape. Finally, one problem is presented to illustrate the implementation of the present method and analyse the effect of mass per length on the natural frequencies of the beam

Transient Hydromagnetic Maxwell Fluid Flow over Inclined Stretching Surface with Thermal Radiation, Viscous Dissipation and Ohmic Heating Effects

Analysis of an electrically conducting two-dimensional Maxwell fluid flowing through an inclined stretching sheet is considered in this work. Incorporating the viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating effects on the time-dependent optically dense fluid, and using the required similarity transformation variables, the equations governing the flow are deduced and converted into a coupled system of ordinary differential equations. Runge-Kutta fourth order scheme with shooting technique is applied to solve the derived equations. Plots and tables are employed to explain the flow parameters for fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles as well as the skin friction, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number. Increase in the angle of inclination parameter, Hartmann number, Prandtl number and Schmidt number reduce the magnitude of the fluid velocity, while radiation parameter, Grashof and Eckert numbers increase it. However, fluid temperature is significantly moderated by Grashof and Prandtl numbers

Effect of Metabolic Excesses from Dietary Proteins on Blood Profile of Heat-stressed Broilers

Although, dietary proteins play a crucial role in poultry profit maximization, through the sustenance of birds` welfare, growth and development, yet metabolic excesses from crude protein (CP) degradation is detrimental to broiler chickens (BC) affected by heat stress. This study evaluated the effect of dietary protein levels on blood profile of heatstressed BC at starter phase (SP) and finisher phase (FP). Arbor Acre BC (n=288) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (T1- 23% CP; T2- 21% CP; T3- 19% CP; and T4- 17% CP) with six replicate groups in a completely randomized design. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis, analysis of variance (p=0.05) and correlation statistics. Protein intake (PI) was not significantly affected by varying CP in diets at SP, but not at FP, where PI significantly increased with increasing dietary CP. PER had a negative correlation with PCV (r= -0.89, p<0.01), Hb (r= -0.88, p<0.01), RBC (r= -0.93, p<0.01) and PI (r= -0.78, p<0.01). Metabolic excesses including heat dissipation from dietary proteins influenced PCV, Hb, platelets and glucose of heat-stressed broilers

A geographical analysis of ethnic distribution of jaw ameloblastoma in Nigerians

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumour in Nigeria. A definite geographic variation has been observed in the frequency of odontogenic tumors from different parts of the world. However, there is no study on the regional variations in Nigeria. Hence, this study was designed to document the ethnic and geographical distribution of jaw ameloblastoma in Nigeria.Methods: Archival data on ameloblastoma from 10 health facilities were obtained. Global Moran’s I detected geographic clustering in its distribution while Local Getis Ord indicated the location of ameloblastoma clusters. Chi-square tested associations between variables at 0.05 level of significance.Results: A total of 1,246 ameloblastoma cases were recorded in Nigeria. Besides substantial state variations, a South-North gradient was noticed in its distribution. Significant positive spatial autocorrelation was observed in the three major groups while ameloblas- toma hotspots were found in the SouthWestern and Northwestern Nigeria. The Igbos had a higher prevalence of ameloblastoma outside their home region than within.Conclusion: The study hypothesized that the geographical distribution of ameloblastoma in Nigeria is the result of all or one of the following:  the country’s tropical climate, migration patterns and health seeking behavior. Hopefully, these claims should lead to further enquiry on the underlying causes.Keywords: Ameloblastoma, ethnicity, spatial analysis, Nigeria

A geographical analysis of ethnic distribution of jaw ameloblastoma in Nigerians

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumour in Nigeria. A definite geographic variation has been observed in the frequency of odontogenic tumors from different parts of the world. However, there is no study on the regional variations in Nigeria. Hence, this study was designed to document the ethnic and geographical distribution of jaw ameloblastoma in Nigeria. Methods: Archival data on ameloblastoma from 10 health facilities were obtained. Global Moran\u2019s I detected geographic clustering in its distribution while Local Getis Ord indicated the location of ameloblastoma clusters. Chi-square tested associations between variables at 0.05 level of significance. Results: A total of 1,246 ameloblastoma cases were recorded in Nigeria. Besides substantial state variations, a South-North gradient was noticed in its distribution. Significant positive spatial autocorrelation was observed in the three major groups while ameloblastoma hotspots were found in the SouthWestern and Northwestern Nigeria. The Igbos had a higher prevalence of ameloblastoma outside their home region than within. Conclusion: The study hypothesized that the geographical distribution of ameloblastoma in Nigeria is the result of all or one of the following: the country\u2019s tropical climate, migration patterns and health seeking behavior. Hopefully, these claims should lead to further enquiry on the underlying causes. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.44 Cite as: Adisa AO, Osayomi T, Effiom OA, Kolude B, Lawal AO, Soyele OO, et al. A geographical analysis of ethnic distribution of jaw ameloblastoma in Nigerians. Afri Health Sci. 2019;19(1). 1677-1686. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ ahs. v19i1.4

Implementation of Efficient Multilayer Perceptron ANN Neurons on Field Programmable Gate Array Chip

Artificial Neural Network is widely used to learn data from systems for different types of applications. The capability of different types of Integrated Circuit (IC) based ANN structures also depends on the hardware backbone used for their implementation. In this work, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) neuron is developed. Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the hardware realization of the artificial neuron using FPGA. Two different activation functions (i.e. tan-sigmoid and log-sigmoid) were tested for the implementation of the proposed neuron. Simulation result shows that tan-sigmoid with a high index (i.e. k >= 40) is a better choice of sigmoid activation function for the harware implemetation of a MLP-ANN neuron

Metastatic oral and maxillofacial tumors in a tertiary referral hospital: Retrospective analysis of eight cases and review of the literature

Introduction: Metastatic tumors are lesions that originate from a distant site and manifest in their secondary site remote from the primary. They are said to be rare in the maxillofacial region. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study from the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Histopathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, northwest Nigeria, from 2010 to 2016. Results: A total of 259 cases of malignant tumors were seen, of which 8 cases (3.1%) were metastasis. There were four males and four females (ratio 1:1). The age ranged from 20 to 75 years with mean ± standard deviation (55.6 ± 18.8 years). Mandible was the chosen location for all the metastatic tumors in this series with the right body-ramus region frequently involved in 4 (50%), closely followed by the left body-ramus in 3 (37.5%) and 1 (12.5%) case seen in the parasymphyseal-symphyseal region. The prostate was the most frequent primary organ that metastasized to the maxillofacial region (3, 37.5%). Conclusion: High level of suspicion is required for early identification of these lesions, and prompt referral is paramount as these tumors can be the first evidence of hidden malignancy at distant sites such as prostate, colon, lungs, breast, and kidneys

Biological profile of ameloblastoma and its location in the jaw in 1246 Nigerians

OBJECTIVES: Ameloblastoma is a benign, slow-growing, locally invasive epithelial tumor of odontogenic origin, with unlimited growth capacity and a strong tendency to recur. This multicentric study analyzed ameloblastoma diagnosed in Nigeria among different ethnic groups. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study included ameloblastoma cases diagnosed from 1964 to 2017 at 10 hospitals or medical centers in Nigeria. Age, sex, tribe, and location of the ameloblastoma in the jaw were analyzed. Associations between variables were tested by using χ2 and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A total of 1246 ameloblastoma cases were recorded (mean patient age 32.51 ± 14.54 years; range 4-86 years; male-to-female ratio 1.2:1). Approximately 60% of ameloblastoma cases occurred in young adults (age range 18-40 years). Ninety-eight lesions were located in the maxilla and 1103 in the mandible; the posterior mandible was the most common site (31.3% on the right and 26.5% on the left, respectively), followed by the anterior (26.0%) mandible. No significant differences were noted in the distribution of ameloblastoma within the tribes with respect to age (P = .92) and sex (P = .71). CONCLUSIONS: The mandible is a common site of ameloblastoma in patients in Nigeria, and in most cases, it occurs in young adults. Early presentation, diagnosis, and treatment are important to reduce postoperative disfigurement and morbidity.status: publishe