988 research outputs found
Filtering the intensity of public concern from social media count data with jumps
Count time series obtained from online social media data, such as Twitter,
have drawn increasing interest among academics and market analysts over the
past decade. Transforming Web activity records into counts yields time series
with peculiar features, including the coexistence of smooth paths and sudden
jumps, as well as cross-sectional and temporal dependence. Using Twitter posts
about country risks for the United Kingdom and the United States, this paper
proposes an innovative state space model for multivariate count data with
jumps. We use the proposed model to assess the impact of public concerns in
these countries on market systems. To do so, public concerns inferred from
Twitter data are unpacked into country-specific persistent terms, risk social
amplification events, and co-movements of the country series. The identified
components are then used to investigate the existence and magnitude of
country-risk spillovers and social amplification effects on the volatility of
financial markets
Magnetic Permeability of Constrained Fermionic Vacuum
We obtain using Schwinger's proper time approach the Casimir-Euler-Heisenberg
effective action of fermion fluctuations for the case of an applied magnetic
field. We implement here the compactification of one space dimension into a
circle through anti-periodic boundary condition. Aside of higher order
non-linear field effects we identify a novel contribution to the vacuum
permeability. These contributions are exceedingly small for normal
electromagnetism due to the smallness of the electron Compton wavelength
compared to the size of the compactified dimension, if we take the latter as
the typical size of laboratory cavities, but their presence is thought
provoking, also considering the context of strong interactions.Comment: 8 pages, LaTex, 1 postscript figure, Phys. Let. B in press, slight
text revisions, references adde
On the" mementum" of Meme Stocks
The meme stock phenomenon has yet to be explored. In this note, we provide evidence that these stocks display common stylized facts for the dynamics of price, trading volume, and social media activity. Using a regime-switching cointegration model, we identify the meme stock “mementum” which exhibits a different characterization compared to other stocks with high volumes of activity (persistent and not) on social media. Finally, we show that mementum is significant and positively related to the stock’s returns. Understanding these properties helps investors and market authorities in their decisions
Ultrafast Resonant Polarization Interferometry: Towards the First Direct Detection of Vacuum Polarization
Vacuum polarization, an effect predicted nearly 70 years ago, is still yet to
be directly detected despite significant experimental effort. Previous attempts
have made use of large liquid-helium cooled electromagnets which inadvertently
generate spurious signals that mask the desired signal. We present a novel
approach for the ultra-sensitive detection of optical birefringence that can be
usefully applied to a laboratory detection of vacuum polarization. The new
technique has a predicted birefringence measurement sensitivity of in a 1 second measurement. When combined with the extreme
polarizing fields achievable in this design we predict that a vacuum
polarization signal will be seen in a measurement of just a few days in
duration.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures. submitted to PR
Evidence-based practice among Italian osteopaths: a national cross-sectional survey.
BackgroundWhile evidence-based practice (EBP) is widely accepted across healthcare professions, research investigating its implementation in manual therapy professions such as osteopathy is limited. The primary aim of this study was to investigate Italian osteopaths' attitudes, skills, and use of EBP. A secondary purpose was to understand the obstacles and enablers to EBP adoption in the Italian osteopathic context.MethodsA cross-sectional national survey was conducted (April to June 2020) among a sample of Italian osteopaths. Eligible participants were invited to complete the Italian-translated Evidence-Based practice Attitude and Utilization Survey (EBASE) anonymously online using various recruitment strategies, including email and social media campaigns. In addition to the three EBASE sub-scores (attitudes, skills and use), the demographic characteristics of the sample were considered.ResultsA total of 473 osteopaths responded to the survey. The sample appeared to represent the Italian osteopathic profession. The majority of participants had a favorable attitude toward EBP. Eighty-eight percent of respondents agreed that EBP was necessary for osteopathy practice and that scientific literature and research findings were beneficial to their clinical scenario (95%). Perceived skill levels in EBP were rated as moderate, with the lowest scores for items relating to clinical research and systematic review conduct. Apart from reading/reviewing scientific literature and using online search engines to locate relevant research papers, participant engagement in all other EBP-related activities was generally low. Clinical practice was perceived to be based on a very small proportion of clinical research evidence. The primary obstacles to EBP implementation were a dearth of clinical evidence in osteopathy, and poor skills in applying research findings. The primary enablers of EBP adoption were access to full-text articles, internet connectivity at work, and access to online databases.ConclusionsItalian osteopaths were largely supportive of evidence-based practice but lacked basic skills in EBP and rarely engaged in EBP activities. The updating of osteopathic training curriculum and professional formal regulation in Italy could provide a suitable framework to improve EBP skills and use
Limits on the violation of g-universality with a Galileo-type experiment
Abstract We present new results for a Galilean experiment using two masses of copper and tungsten in simultaneous free fall. The experiment searches for a possible difference in the free-fall acceleration Δ g and it is sensitive to any composition-dependent interaction between the test masses and the earth, whose range exceeds 10 km. The results show no evidence for any composition-dependent gravity-like interaction within Δg μ Gal
Group interactions modulate critical mass dynamics in social convention
How can minorities of individuals overturn social conventions? The theory of critical mass states that when a committed minority reaches a critical size, a cascade of behavioural changes can occur, overturning apparently stable social norms. Evidence comes from theoretical and empirical studies in which minorities of very different sizes, including extremely small ones, manage to bring a system to its tipping point. Here, we explore this diversity of scenarios by introducing group interactions as a crucial element of realism into a model for social convention. We find that the critical mass necessary to trigger behaviour change can be very small if individuals have a limited propensity to change their views. Moreover, the ability of the committed minority to overturn existing norms depends in a complex way on the group size. Our findings reconcile the different sizes of critical mass found in previous investigations and unveil the critical role of groups in such processes. This further highlights the importance of the emerging field of higher-order networks, beyond pairwise interactions
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