Analysis of the impact of sex and age on the variation in the prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies in Polish population: a nationwide observational, cross-sectional study

The detection of antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) is dependent on many factors and varies between the populations. The aim of the study was first to assess the prevalence of ANA in the Polish adult population depending on age, sex and the cutoff threshold used for the results obtained. Second, we estimated the occurrence of individual types of ANA-staining patterns. We tested 1731 patient samples using commercially available IIFA using two cutoff thresholds of 1:100 and 1:160. We found ANA in 260 participants (15.0%), but the percentage of positive results strongly depended on the cutoff level. For a cutoff threshold 1:100, the positive population was 19.5% and for the 1:160 cutoff threshold, it was 11.7%. The most prevalent ANA-staining pattern was AC-2 Dense Fine speckled (50%), followed by AC-21 Reticular/AMA (14.38%) ANA more common in women (72%); 64% of ANA-positive patients were over 50 years of age. ANA prevalence in the Polish population is at a level observed in other highly developed countries and is more prevalent in women and elderly individuals. To reduce the number of positive results released, we suggest that Polish laboratories should set 1:160 as the cutoff threshold

INTEGRATION OF GEODATA IN DOCUMENTING CASTLE RUINS

Textured three dimensional models are currently the one of the standard methods of representing the results of photogrammetric works. A realistic 3D model combines the geometrical relations between the structure’s elements with realistic textures of each of its elements. Data used to create 3D models of structures can be derived from many different sources. The most commonly used tool for documentation purposes, is a digital camera and nowadays terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Integration of data acquired from different sources allows modelling and visualization of 3D models historical structures. Additional aspect of data integration is possibility of complementing of missing points for example in point clouds. The paper shows the possibility of integrating data from terrestrial laser scanning with digital imagery and an analysis of the accuracy of the presented methods. The paper describes results obtained from raw data consisting of a point cloud measured using terrestrial laser scanning acquired from a Leica ScanStation2 and digital imagery taken using a Kodak DCS Pro 14N camera. The studied structure is the ruins of the Ilza castle in Poland

Parent, child and environmental predictors of vegetable consumption in Italian, Polish & UK preschoolers

This paper compared the vegetable intake of preschool children from three European countries (Italy, Poland & UK) and explored the parent, child and environmental factors that predicted intake in each country. 408 parents of preschoolers (Italy: N = 61; Poland: N = 124; UK: N = 225; child mean age = 32.2 months, SD = 9.47) completed an online survey comprising a set of standardized questionnaires. In all three countries, questionnaires included measures of children’s vegetable intake (VegFFQ), child eating behaviour (CEBQ-FF), parents’ mealtime goals (FMG), and socio-demographic questions about the family background and environment. In the UK and Italy, additional questionnaires assessed child temperament (EAS-T) and parents’ feeding practices (CFPQ). Results showed that the number of child-sized portions of vegetables consumed per day varied significantly across countries; Polish children consumed the most (~3 portions) and Italian children the least (~1.5 portions). Between-country differences were seen in parents’ goals for family mealtimes; compared to Italian parents, Polish and UK parents were more motivated to minimize mealtime stress, increase family involvement in meal preparation and for family members to share the same foods. UK and Italian parents also adopted different feeding practices; parents in UK reported more use of healthy modeling behaviours and more use of foods to support their child’s emotion regulation. In terms of child factors, Italian children were reported to be more emotional and more sociable than UK children. Analyses of the relationships between the parent, child and environmental factors and children’s vegetable intake revealed both similarities and differences between countries. Negative predictors of vegetable intake included child food fussiness in UK and Poland, child temperament (especially, shyness) in Italy, and the use of food as a reward and child emotionality in UK. Positive predictors included the parental mealtime goal of ‘family involvement’ in UK. These results highlight differences in the extent to which European preschoolers achieve recommended levels of vegetable intake and in the factors that influence whether they do. The results suggest a need to develop healthy eating interventions that are adapted to meet the specific needs of the countries in which they are implemented