170 research outputs found
Saturation effects in the sub-Doppler spectroscopy of Cesium vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell
Saturation effects affecting absorption and fluorescence spectra of an atomic
vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell (cell thickness ) are
investigated experimentally and theoretically. The study is performed on the
line ( of and concentrates on the two
situations and , the most contrasted ones with
respect to the length dependence of the coherent Dicke narrowing. For , the Dicke-narrowed absorption profile simply broadens and
saturates in amplitude when increasing the light intensity, while for , sub-Doppler dips of reduced absorption at line-center appear on the
broad absorption profile. For a fluorescence detection at ,
saturation induces narrow dips, but only for hyperfine components undergoing a
population loss through optical pumping. These experimental results are
interpreted with the help of the various existing models, and are compared with
numerical calculations based upon a two-level modelling that considers both a
closed and an open system.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure
Organizational and economic directions of competitive recovery of Russian pharmaceutical enterprises
The urgency of the analyzed issue is due to the fact that the sustainable development of the economy of any country is the most important level of public health, which in turn, is conditioned by providing high quality pharmaceutical products. This is determined by the effective activity of the pharmaceutical industry, its competitiveness. Thus, the study of the competitiveness of Russian pharmaceutical enterprises, the development directions of its improvement should contribute to the sustainable development of the Russian economy. The article is focused on the development of organizational and economic ways of competitive recovery of the pharmaceutical industry. The leading approach to the study of this issue is an analytical approach that allows identifying the main directions of competitive recovery of the pharmaceutical industry. The results of the article: the study of possible organizational and economic ways of competitive recovery of Russian companies in the pharmaceutical industry, the algorithm of directions of its increase. The made recommendations have been tested in a number of Russian companies in the pharmaceutical industry. The article date may be useful in the management of the pharmaceutical industry now, as well as for understanding the specifics of the domestic pharmaceutical industry. Β© 2016 Ashmarina et al
Recommended from our members
Computer Experiments for Function Approximations
This research project falls in the domain of response surface methodology, which seeks cost-effective ways to accurately fit an approximate function to experimental data. Modeling and computer simulation are essential tools in modern science and engineering. A computer simulation can be viewed as a function that receives input from a given parameter space and produces an output. Running the simulation repeatedly amounts to an equivalent number of function evaluations, and for complex models, such function evaluations can be very time-consuming. It is then of paramount importance to intelligently choose a relatively small set of sample points in the parameter space at which to evaluate the given function, and then use this information to construct a surrogate function that is close to the original function and takes little time to evaluate. This study was divided into two parts. The first part consisted of comparing four sampling methods and two function approximation methods in terms of efficiency and accuracy for simple test functions. The sampling methods used were Monte Carlo, Quasi-Random LP{sub {tau}}, Maximin Latin Hypercubes, and Orthogonal-Array-Based Latin Hypercubes. The function approximation methods utilized were Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The second part of the study concerned adaptive sampling methods with a focus on creating useful sets of sample points specifically for monotonic functions, functions with a single minimum and functions with a bounded first derivative
Sub-Doppler spectroscopy of Rb atoms in a sub-micron vapor cell in the presence of a magnetic field
We report the first use of an extremely thin vapor cell (thickness ~ 400 nm)
to study the magnetic-field dependence of laser-induced-fluorescence excitation
spectra of alkali atoms. This thin cell allows for sub-Doppler resolution
without the complexity of atomic beam or laser cooling techniques. This
technique is used to study the laser-induced-fluorescence excitation spectra of
Rb in a 50 G magnetic field. At this field strength the electronic angular
momentum J and nuclear angular momentum I are only partially decoupled. As a
result of the mixing of wavefunctions of different hyperfine states, we observe
a nonlinear Zeeman effect for each sublevel, a substantial modification of the
transition probabilities between different magnetic sublevels, and the
appearance of transitions that are strictly forbidden in the absence of the
magnetic field. For the case of right- and left- handed circularly polarized
laser excitation, the fluorescence spectra differs qualitatively. Well
pronounced magnetic field induced circular dichroism is observed. These
observations are explained with a standard approach that describes the partial
decoupling of I and J states
Dynamics of false vacuum bubbles in Brans-Dicke theory
We study the dynamics of false vacuum bubbles in the Brans-Dicke theory of
gravity by using the thin shell or thin wall approximation. We consider a false
vacuum bubble that has a different value for the Brans-Dicke field between the
inside false vacuum region and the outside true vacuum region. Within a certain
limit of field values, the difference of field values makes the effective
tension of the shell negative. This allows new expanding false vacuum bubbles
to be seen by the outside observer, which are disallowed in Einstein gravity.Comment: 29 pages, 20 figure
Burgers' Flows as Markovian Diffusion Processes
We analyze the unforced and deterministically forced Burgers equation in the
framework of the (diffusive) interpolating dynamics that solves the so-called
Schr\"{o}dinger boundary data problem for the random matter transport. This
entails an exploration of the consistency conditions that allow to interpret
dispersion of passive contaminants in the Burgers flow as a Markovian diffusion
process. In general, the usage of a continuity equation , where stands for the
Burgers field and is the density of transported matter, is at variance
with the explicit diffusion scenario. Under these circumstances, we give a
complete characterisation of the diffusive transport that is governed by
Burgers velocity fields. The result extends both to the approximate description
of the transport driven by an incompressible fluid and to motions in an
infinitely compressible medium. Also, in conjunction with the Born statistical
postulate in quantum theory, it pertains to the probabilistic (diffusive)
counterpart of the Schr\"{o}dinger picture quantum dynamics.Comment: Latex fil
Resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atoms
In this article, we review the history, current status, physical mechanisms,
experimental methods, and applications of nonlinear magneto-optical effects in
atomic vapors. We begin by describing the pioneering work of Macaluso and
Corbino over a century ago on linear magneto-optical effects (in which the
properties of the medium do not depend on the light power) in the vicinity of
atomic resonances, and contrast these effects with various nonlinear
magneto-optical phenomena that have been studied both theoretically and
experimentally since the late 1960s. In recent years, the field of nonlinear
magneto-optics has experienced a revival of interest that has led to a number
of developments, including the observation of ultra-narrow (1-Hz)
magneto-optical resonances, applications in sensitive magnetometry, nonlinear
magneto-optical tomography, and the possibility of a search for parity- and
time-reversal-invariance violation in atoms.Comment: 51 pages, 23 figures, to appear in Rev. Mod. Phys. in Oct. 2002,
Figure added, typos corrected, text edited for clarit
Π‘Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅
There is an increase in the number of patients with secondary malignant neoplasms. In addition, in some subgroups after radical cancer treatment, the lifetime risk of developing secondary malignant neoplasms can be as high as 33β%. Secondary malignancies remain an important cause of death in patients who have received radical cancer treatment. The presented clinical case demonstrates the risk of developing primary multiple malignant neoplasms after radiation therapy and chemotherapy. A 39-year-old patient with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma underwent definitive treatment including chemo-and radiotherapy. Ten years later, the patient developed the induced multiple malignant tumors: a malignant neoplasm of the heart β myofibrosarcoma of the right ventricle with invasion of the anterior wall of the right ventricle Stage IIIB G2T3N0M0, left breast cancer Stage IIIA T3N2M0. The choice of treatment tactics for this category of patients remains particularly difficult.Π ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ 33 %. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ° Π² 39 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· 10 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ: Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° IIIB ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ β G2T3N0M0, ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ IIIA ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ β T3N2M0. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ
Analysis of recombinant VEGF gene expression by genetically modified umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells in experiment in vivo
To obtain a significant therapeutic effect transplanted genetically modified cells should have an enhanced ability to survive and active expression of the therapeutic gene. In this paper, by using immunofluorescent staining we investigated the functional activity of the gene-cell formulation designed to deliver a therapeutic gene into the area of regeneration. As a model we used transgenic SOD1-G93A mice with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype which received xenotransplantation of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells, genetically modified with adenoviral expression vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the reporter green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Results of the study allowed to establish not only the duration of survival of transplanted cells, but also the efficiency of expression of recombinant genes in genetically modified cells in vivo. Double immunofluorescent staining with antibodies against human nuclear antigen HNA and VEGF detected HNA+/VEGF+ cells in the terminal stage of disease 15 weeks after transplantation. These data suggest that genetically modified umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells, transplanted into SOD1-G93A transgenic mice, are able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and migrate into the area of degeneration of nerve tissue and survive from the time of transplantation until the death of animals at the terminal stage of disease. At that time adenoviral expression vector encoding therapeutic gene is functionally active in transplanted cells, and secretory products of recombinant gene act on target cells by a paracrine mechanism
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π±Π° ΡΒ ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π²Β ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅
According to GLOBOCAN, there were about 18 million new cases of cancer and 9.6 million deaths from malignancies worldwide in 2018. Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor characterized by the loss of the VHL gene, which leads to increased angiogenesis. The potential of immuno-oncology and anti-angiogenic drugs has significantly improved outcomes for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The phase III CheckMate 9ER study compared the efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus sunitinib in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The advantages of nivolumab plus cabozantinib over sunitinib in terms of progression-free survival, overall survival, and objective response rate were generally similar across subgroups based on IMDC risk, PD-L1 expression, and the presence or absence of bone metastases. We present a case report of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The patient has been on cabozantinib plus nivolumab therapy for 12 months, with a partial response achieved. Treatment was well tolerated; the profile of adverse events was consistent with that in the clinical study.ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ GLOBOCAN, Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 18 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ 9,6 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Ρ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π° VHL, ΠΈ ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ III ΡΠ°Π·Ρ CheckMate 9ER ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π±Π° Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ±Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π±Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ±Π° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ IMDC, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ PD-L1 ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 12 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π±ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
- β¦