Carbono e nitrogênio de solos sob caívas e diferentes coberturas florestais em Três Barras, SC.

Resumo

Norovirus outbreaks in long-term care facilities in Catalonia from 2017 to 2018

Norovirus is the leading cause of outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis. We carried out this study to investigate outbreaks in long-term care facilities reported in 2017 and 2018 in Catalonia (Spain). The characteristics of the centers, exposed persons and the genogroups responsible were analyzed. Viral loads were estimated. The attack rate (AR) of the outbreaks studied, and the rate ratio (RR) and the odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals as measures of association were calculated. The mean cycle thresholds were compared using the t-test for independent means. We included 30 outbreaks (4631 exposed people). The global AR was 25.93%. The RR of residents vs. staff was 2.28 (95% CI 2.0-2.6). The RR between AR in residents with total or severe dependence vs. residents with moderate, low or no-dependence was 1.23 (95% CI 1.05-1.45). The AR were higher in smaller centers than in larger ones (38.47% vs. 19.25% and RR 2; 95% CI 1.82-2.2). GII was responsible for 70% of outbreaks. No association was found between the genogroup and presenting symptoms (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.41-2.26). Viral loads were higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients (p = 0.001)

Atividade da urease em plantio de eucalipto com aplicação de biochar.

A adição de carvão, ou biochar, ao solo visa a melhoria de suas propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas e, simultaneamente, para o aumento das reservas estáveis de carbono na matéria orgânica do solo. Três importantes estratégias, porém, devem estar associadas ao conceito do biochar: a reciclagem de resíduos orgânicos, a geração de energia renovável e a agricultura de baixa emissão de carbono. Assim, neste trabalho, em parceria com uma empresa reflorestadora do Paraná, a Embrapa está estudando o efeito do uso do biochar sobre a adubação comercial adotada pela empresa em plantios de eucalipto. Aqui apresentamos resultados sobre a atividade da enzima urease no solo após 3 meses do plantio. Os resultados indicaram que o biochar e a adubação utilizada apresentaram efeitos significativos na atividade da enzima urease. Houve aumento signi- ficativo da urease em solos que receberam biochar após três meses de plantio

Serviços ecossistêmicos: relações com a agricultura.

O capítulo que se segue objetiva apresentar ao leitor uma perspectiva ampla sobre a relação da agricultura com os serviços ecossistêmicos. Dessa forma, será apresentado e discutido como as atividades agrícolas pressionam os processos naturais, bem como elas são beneficiadas e provêm serviços ecossistêmicos de provisão, regulação e culturais essenciais para a manutenção da capacidade de produção dos agroecossistemas. Ressalta-se ainda a importância de se abordar os serviços ecossistêmicos em múltiplas escalas, para que se possa promover não somente a adequação dos sistemas de produção em nível local, mas também a multifuncionalidade da paisagem rural, visando ao aumento da provisão de serviços e a própria sustentabilidade das atividades agrícolas

Aspectos dendrométricos de plantio de eucaliptos em solos com biochar.

A adição de carvão pirolisado - biochar - ao solo visa a melhoria de suas propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas e, simultaneamente, para o aumento das reservas estáveis de carbono na matéria orgânica do solo. Assim, neste trabalho, em parceria com uma empresa refl orestadora do Paraná, a Embrapa está estudando o efeito do uso do biochar sobre a adubação comercial adotada pela empresa em plantios de eucalipto. Os resultados dendrométricos aos 3 meses após o plantio indicam potencial da combinação de biochar com adubação considerando o efeito do tratamento com biochar e dose reduzida de adubação na altura da planta e na maior biomassa da parte aérea das plantas no tratamento com biochar e dose de fertilizante comercial

Event-related alpha suppression in response to facial motion

This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.While biological motion refers to both face and body movements, little is known about the visual perception of facial motion. We therefore examined alpha wave suppression as a reduction in power is thought to reflect visual activity, in addition to attentional reorienting and memory processes. Nineteen neurologically healthy adults were tested on their ability to discriminate between successive facial motion captures. These animations exhibited both rigid and non-rigid facial motion, as well as speech expressions. The structural and surface appearance of these facial animations did not differ, thus participants decisions were based solely on differences in facial movements. Upright, orientation-inverted and luminance-inverted facial stimuli were compared. At occipital and parieto-occipital regions, upright facial motion evoked a transient increase in alpha which was then followed by a significant reduction. This finding is discussed in terms of neural efficiency, gating mechanisms and neural synchronization. Moreover, there was no difference in the amount of alpha suppression evoked by each facial stimulus at occipital regions, suggesting early visual processing remains unaffected by manipulation paradigms. However, upright facial motion evoked greater suppression at parieto-occipital sites, and did so in the shortest latency. Increased activity within this region may reflect higher attentional reorienting to natural facial motion but also involvement of areas associated with the visual control of body effectors. © 2014 Girges et al

Serviços ambientais e a agropecuária.

bitstream/item/197720/1/Servicos-ambientais.pdfCartilha

Current overview and potential applications of the soil ecosystem services approach in Brazil.

A pressão humana sobre os serviços ecossistêmicos tem resultado em impactos indesejáveis sobre o bem-estar humano. Com o Projeto Millennium, várias pesquisas interdisciplinares têm sido desenvolvidas em todo o mundo com o objetivo de entender esses impactos sobre os fluxos e os processos dos ecossistemas e internalizar os custos e os benefícios dos serviços ecossistêmicos para a produção. O solo fornece muitos serviços ecossistêmicos, uma vez que sua multifuncionalidade é a base para a produção de alimentos, filtração de água, ciclagem de nutrientes e outros bens essenciais à vida. Este artigo apresenta os principais conceitos e classificações dos serviços ecossistêmicos do solo e de suas funções; os indicadores e os métodos de avaliação, modelagem e valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos; algumas aplicações recentes para avaliar impactos de práticas de manejo agrícola sobre os serviços ecossistêmicos do solo; bem como os desafios e as oportunidades para a pesquisa e para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas relacionadas à sustentabilidade agroambiental no Brasil. Apesar de o papel do solo para prestação de serviços ecossistêmicos ainda ser subestimado, os cientistas têm gradualmente reconhecido os processos e as funções do solo como fundamentais para avaliar os serviços ecossistêmicos e os efeitos do uso e manejo da terra sobre eles. Abordagens interdisciplinares que integrem ciência e políticas públicas são necessárias para construir uma governança com base em serviços ecossistêmico

SARS-CoV-2 Catalonia contact tracing program : evaluation of key performance indicators

Background: Guidance on SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing indicators have been recently revised by international public health agencies. The aim of the study is to describe and analyse contact tracing indicators based on Catalonia's (Spain) real data and proposing to update them according to recommendations. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis including Catalonia's contact tracing dataset from 20 May until 31 December 2020. Descriptive statistics are performed including sociodemographic stratification by age, and differences are assessed over the study period. Results: We analysed 923,072 contacts from 301,522 SARS-CoV-2 cases with identified contacts (67.1% contact tracing coverage). The average number of contacts per case was 4.6 (median 3, range 1-243). A total of 403,377 contacts accepted follow-up through three phone calls over a 14-day quarantine period (84.5% of contacts requiring follow-up). The percentage of new cases declared as contacts 14 days prior to diagnosis evolved from 33.9% in May to 57.9% in November. All indicators significantly improved towards the target over time (p < 0.05 for all four indicators). Conclusions: Catalonia's SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing indicators improved over time despite challenging context. The critical revision of the indicator's framework aims to provide essential information in control policies, new indicators proposed will improve system delay's follow-up. The study provides information on COVID-19 indicators framework experience from country's real data, allowing to improve monitoring tools in 2021-2022. With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic being so harmful to health systems and globally, is important to analyse and share contact tracing data with the scientific community

Differing views - can chimpanzees do level 2 perspective-taking?

We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the German National Academic Foundation.Although chimpanzees understand what others may see, it is unclear if they understand how others see things (Level 2 perspective-taking). We investigated whether chimpanzees can predict the behavior of a conspecific which is holding a mistaken perspective that differs from their own. The subject competed with a conspecific over two food sticks. While the subject could see that both were the same size, to the competitor one appeared bigger than the other. In a previously established game, the competitor chose one stick in private first and the subject chose thereafter, without knowing which of the sticks was gone. Chimpanzees and 6-year-old children chose the ‘riskier’ stick (that looked bigger to the competitor) significantly less in the game than in a nonsocial control. Children chose randomly in the control, thus showing Level 2 perspective-taking skills; in contrast, chimpanzees had a preference for the ‘riskier’ stick here, rendering it possible that they attributed their own preference to the competitor to predict her choice. We thus run a follow-up in which chimpanzees did not have a preference in the control. Now they also chose randomly in the game. We conclude that chimpanzees solved the task by attributing their own preference to the other, while children truly understood the other’s mistaken perspective.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe