Pengaruh Takaran Pupuk Kandang Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung (Zea mays L.) yang Ditumpangsarikan dengan Kedelai (Glysine max (L.) Merril)

This study aims to determine the effect of cow manure dosage on growth and yield of maize that intercropped with several varieties of soybeans. The experiment was conducted in the garden of Agriculture Faculty, Timor University using Factorial Random Block Design with three replications. The first factor is the dosage of cow manure which consists of three levels ie without fertilizer, 30 t / ha, and 40 t / ha. The second factor is soybean varieties consisting of three levels namely Davros, Willis and local. The results showed no interaction effect between dosage of cow manure and soybean varieties to all parameters observed. The dose of cow manure significantly influences the soil temperature of 75 days after planting (DAP), a moisture content of 50 DAP, stem diameter 25 DAP, number of seeds per line, dry weight of 100 seeds, dry weight of seed per plot and harvest index. Soybean varieties significantly affect the number of rows per corncob, the number of seeds per line and the dry weight of seeds per plot. Cow manure 40 t / ha is better dosage and Local varietal soybean is more suitable for intercropping with maize that yields 1.0 t / ha and 0.7 t / ha soybeans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh takaran pupuk kandang sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung yang ditumpangsarikan dengan beberapa varietas kedelai. Percobaan lapangan telah dilakukan di Kebun Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Timordengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial 3 × 3 diulang dalam 3 blok. Faktor yang diteliti adalah takaran pupuk kandang sapi yang terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu tanpa pupuk, 30 t/ha dan 40 t/ha. Faktor kedua adalah varietas kedelai yang terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu Davros, Willis dan Lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadi pengaruh interaksi antara takaran pupuk kandang sapi dan varietas kedelai terhadap semua parameter yang diamati.Takaran pupuk kandang sapi berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap suhu tanah 75 HST, kadar lengas 50 HST, diameter batang 25 HST, jumlah biji per baris, berat kering 100 biji, berat kering biji per petak dan indeks panen. Varietas kedelai berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap jumlah baris per bulir, jumlah biji per baris dan berat kering biji per petak.Pupuk kandang sapi 40 t/ha merupakan takaran yang lebih baik dan kedelai varietas Lokal lebih cocok untuk ditumpangsarikan dengan jagungpulut dengan hasil jagung 1,0 t/ha dan kedelai 0,7 t/ha.&nbsp

Academic language socialisation in high school writing conferences

This study examines multilingual high school writers’ individual talk with their teachers in two advanced English language development classes to observe how such talk shapes linguistically diverse adolescents’ writing. Addressing adolescent writers’ language socialization through microethnographic discourse analysis, the author argues that teachers’ oral responses during writing conferences can either scaffold or deter students’ socialization into valued ways of using academic language for school writing. She suggests what forms of oral response provide scaffolding and what forms might limit multilingual adolescent learners’ academic literacy. Constructive interactions engaged students in dialogue about their writing, and students included content or phrasing from the interaction in their texts. Unhelpful interactions failed to foster students’ language development in observable ways. Although teachers attempted to scaffold ideas and language, they often did not guide students’ discovery of appropriate forms or points. These interactions represent restrictive academic language socialization: while some students did create academic texts, they learned little about academic language use

A High-Throughput Screen Identifies a New Natural Product with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity

Due to the inexorable invasion of our hospitals and communities by drug-resistant bacteria, there is a pressing need for novel antibacterial agents. Here we report the development of a sensitive and robust but low-tech and inexpensive high-throughput metabolic screen for novel antibiotics. This screen is based on a colorimetric assay of pH that identifies inhibitors of bacterial sugar fermentation. After validation of the method, we screened over 39,000 crude extracts derived from organisms that grow in the diverse ecosystems of Costa Rica and identified 49 with reproducible antibacterial effects. An extract from an endophytic fungus was further characterized, and this led to the discovery of three novel natural products. One of these, which we named mirandamycin, has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This demonstrates the power of simple high throughput screens for rapid identification of new antibacterial agents from environmental samples

Mannitol and the mannitol-specific enzyme IIB subunit activate Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation.

International audienceVibrio cholerae is a halophilic, Gram-negative rod found in marine environments. Strains that produce cholera toxin cause the diarrheal disease cholera. V. cholerae use a highly conserved, multicomponent signal transduction cascade known as the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) to regulate carbohydrate uptake and biofilm formation. Regulation of biofilm formation by the PTS is complex, involving many different regulatory pathways that incorporate distinct PTS components. The PTS consists of the general components enzyme I (EI) and histidine protein (HPr) and carbohydrate-specific enzymes II. Mannitol transport by V. cholerae requires the mannitol-specific EII (EII(Mtl)), which is expressed only in the presence of mannitol. Here we show that mannitol activates V. cholerae biofilm formation and transcription of the vps biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide synthesis genes. This regulation is dependent on mannitol transport. However, we show that, in the absence of mannitol, ectopic expression of the B subunit of EII(Mtl) is sufficient to activate biofilm accumulation. Mannitol, a common compatible solute and osmoprotectant of marine organisms, is a main photosynthetic product of many algae and is secreted by algal mats. We propose that the ability of V. cholerae to respond to environmental mannitol by forming a biofilm may play an important role in habitat selection

Of Mice and Men: Teratomas and Teratocarcinomas

A B S T R A C T Teratomas and teratocarcinomas are tumors containing tissue derivatives of all three germ-layers. They can be induced by transplantation of animal embryos to ectopic microenvironment. Development of malignant teratocarcinomas depends on embryonic stage, species-specificity and immunological competence of the host. In the man, teratomas and teratocarcinomas usually represent a subtype of germ-cell tumors but sacrococcygeal teratomas arise from the remnants of the pluripotent primitive streak. Undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are responsible for the malignancy of experimental mouse teratocarcinomas. Mouse EC cells injected to the adult give rise to tumors and upon injection to early embryos to differentiated tissues -thus resembling normal mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). Epigenetic changes rather than mutations are associated with transformation of mESC to EC cells. Human EC and ES cell-lines (hESC) contain chromosomal abnormalities and can form teratocarcinoma after transplantation. ES cells are among those proposed for cell replacement therapy in the man. Suicide gene introduction should be recommended prior to their use in vivo to ablate them in case of malignant transformation