Luminosities for vector-boson vector-boson scattering at high energy colliders

We derive exact expressions for luminosities of massive vector-boson pairs which can be used to describe the cross sections for processes in hadron collisions or e^+e^- annihilation which proceed via two-vector-boson scattering. Our approach correctly takes into account the mutual influence of the emission of one vector boson on the emission of a second one. We show that only approximately the exact luminosities can be factorized into convolutions of single-vector-boson distributions. Numerical results are given and compared to simplified approaches

A Simple Approximation of the One-Loop Corrected Cross Section for e+e−→W+W−e^+e^-\to W^+W^- at LEP 2

Using the SU(2) gauge coupling, $g_{W^\pm} (M^2_{W^\pm})$, at the high-energy scale of $M_{W^\pm}$, defined by the (theoretical value of the) leptonic W-width, rather than using the low-energy value, defined via the Fermi coupling, $G_\mu$, in the Born approximation, and supplementing with Coulomb corrections and initial state radiation, errors with respect to the exact one-loop results for the differential cross section of $e^+e^-\to W^+W^-$ are below 1% at LEP 2 energies at all $W^+W^-$ production angles. A similar procedure is suggested to incorporate leading bosonic loop effects into four-fermion production in the fermion-loop scheme. The resulting accuracy below 1% is sufficient for LEP 2 experiments.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX including 1 postscript figure, submitted to Phys. Lett.

Editorial: Where does the field of gaming addiction studies need to go next?

Problematic gaming has been considered an issue of mental health (e.g., addiction) and 'Gaming Disorder' has been formally recognized in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Disease. This editorial argues that now is perhaps a good time to shift the focus from 'disorder' to 'gaming'. Learning about the practice of gaming more holistically is one way to refine and extend attained knowledge in terms of our understanding of problematic gaming. A key aspect of gaming that needs to be explored is the current state of gaming, which can more likely be addressed from a game studies perspective as opposed to a purely psychological perspective. This editorial posits a number of key questions and approaches which could take the gaming addiction field forward from a more interdisciplinary perspective

Discovering Non-Abelian Weak Couplings and an Anomalous Magnetic Dipole Moment of the W±W^{\pm} at LEP~2

In view of the forthcoming results on $W^{\pm}$ pair production at LEP~2, we emphasize that {\em direct empirical evidence} on non-trivial properties of the weak vector bosons can be obtained with relatively limited integrated luminosity. An integrated luminosity of $10\;\mathrm{pb}^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=175$ GeV will be sufficient to provide direct experimental evidence for non-vanishing self-couplings of non-Abelian type among the weak vector bosons. An integrated luminosity of $100\;\mathrm{pb}^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=175$ GeV will provide direct evidence for the existence of an anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the charged vector bosons $W^{\pm}$.Comment: 6 pages LaTeX + 2 Figures; Revised Version contains correction of an erroneous formulation made in connection with the principle of minimal substitution; the title has been change

A High Density of Human Communication-Associated Genes in Chromosome 7q31-q36: Differential Expression in Human and Non-Human Primate Cortices

The human brain is distinguished by its remarkable size, high energy consumption, and cognitive abilities compared to all other mammals and non-human primates. However, little is known about what has accelerated brain evolution in the human lineage. One possible explanation is that the appearance of advanced communication skills and language has been a driving force of human brain development. The phenotypic adaptations in brain structure and function which occurred on the way to modern humans may be associated with specific molecular signatures in today’s human genome and/or transcriptome. Genes that have been linked to language, reading, and/or autism spectrum disorders are prime candidates when searching for genes for human-specific communication abilities. The database and genome-wide expression analyses we present here revealed a clustering of such communication-associated genes (COAG) on human chromosomes X and 7, in particular chromosome 7q31-q36. Compared to the rest of the genome, we found a high number of COAG to be differentially expressed in the cortices of humans and non-human primates (chimpanzee, baboon, and/or marmoset). The role of X-linked genes for the development of human-specific cognitive abilities is well known. We now propose that chromosome 7q31-q36 also represents a hot spot for the evolution of human-specific communication abilities. Selective pressure on the T cell receptor beta locus on chromosome 7q34, which plays a pivotal role in the immune system, could have led to rapid dissemination of positive gene variants in hitchhiking COAG

COMPETITION AMONG HOSPITALS AND ITS MEASUREMENT: THEORY AND A CASE STUDY

Our paper provides several insights on the characteristics of the concept of “Poles d’Excellence Rurale” (PER) through bilateral comparisons with that of Competitive Pole (CP) and cluster. The concept of PER is a French government’ initiative designed for the development of rural areas similar to that of the Competitive Pole. We emphasize important particularities of these concepts by analyzing some of their similarities and major differences.Pole d’Excellence Rurale, Competitive Pole, cluster, rural development