4,516 research outputs found
A boundary element alternating method for two-dimensional mixed-mode fracture problems
A boundary element alternating method, denoted herein as BEAM, is presented for two dimensional fracture problems. This is an iterative method which alternates between two solutions. An analytical solution for arbitrary polynomial normal and tangential pressure distributions applied to the crack faces of an embedded crack in an infinite plate is used as the fundamental solution in the alternating method. A boundary element method for an uncracked finite plate is the second solution. For problems of edge cracks a technique of utilizing finite elements with BEAM is presented to overcome the inherent singularity in boundary element stress calculation near the boundaries. Several computational aspects that make the algorithm efficient are presented. Finally, the BEAM is applied to a variety of two dimensional crack problems with different configurations and loadings to assess the validity of the method. The method gives accurate stress intensity factors with minimal computing effort
Spin lifetimes of electrons injected into GaAs and GaN
The spin relaxation time of electrons in GaAs and GaN are determined with a
model that includes momentum scattering by phonons and ionized impurities, and
spin scattering by the Elliot-Yafet, D'yakonov-Perel, and Bir-Aronov-Pikus
mechanisms. Accurate bands generated using a long-range tight-binding
Hamiltonian obtained from empirical pseudopotentials are used. The inferred
temperature-dependence of the spin relaxation lifetime agrees well with
measured values in GaAs. We further show that the spin lifetimes decrease
rapidly with injected electrons energy and reach a local maximum at the
longitudinal optical phonon energy. Our calculation predicts that electron spin
lifetime in pure GaN is about 3 orders of magnitude longer than in GaAs at all
temperatures, primarily as a result of the lower spin-orbit interaction and
higher conduction band density of states.Comment: 8 pages and 3 figure
On the Difficulty of Manhattan Channel Routing
We show that channel routing in the Manhattan model remains difficult even when all nets are single-sided. Given a set of n single-sided nets, we consider the problem of determining the minimum number of tracks required to obtain a dogleg-free routing. In addition to showing that the decision version of the problem isNP-complete, we show that there are problems requiring at least d+Omega(sqrt(n)) tracks, where d is the density. This existential lower bound does not follow from any of the known lower bounds in the literature
Phase Diagram of the Spin-One Heisenberg System with Dimerization and Frustration
We use the density matrix renormalization group method to study the ground
state properties of an antiferromagnetic spin- chain with a next-nearest
neighbor exchange and an alternation of the nearest neighbor
exchanges. We find a line running from a gapless point at upto an almost gapless point at such that
the open chain ground state is -fold degenerate below the line and is unique
above it. A disorder line runs from to about
. To the left of this line, the peak in the structure factor
is at , while to the right of the line, it is at less than .Comment: 11 pages, plain TeX, 3 figures available on reques
Solar-type Stars Observed by LAMOST and Kepler
Obtaining measurements of chromospheric and photometric activity of stars
with near-solar fundamental parameters and rotation periods is important for a
better understanding of solar-stellar connection. We select a sample of 2603
stars with near-solar fundamental parameters from the Large Sky Area
Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)-Kepler field and use LAMOST
spectra to measure their chromospheric activity and Kepler light curves to
measure their photospheric activity (i.e., the amplitude of the photometric
variability). While the rotation periods of 1556 of these stars could not be
measured due to the low amplitude of the photometric variability and highly
irregular temporal profile of light curves, 254 stars were further identified
as having near-solar rotation periods. We show that stars with near-solar
rotation periods have chromospheric activities that are systematically higher
than stars with undetected rotation periods. Furthermore, while the solar level
of photospheric and chromospheric activity appears to be typical for stars with
undetected rotation periods, the Sun appears to be less active than most stars
with near-solar rotation periods (both in terms of photospheric and
chromospheric activity).Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
On Security and reliability using cooperative transmissions in sensor networks
Cooperative transmissions have received recent attention and research papers have demonstrated their benefits for wireless networks. Such benefits include improving the reliability of links through diversity and/or increasing the reach of a link compared to a single transmitter transmitting to a single receiver (single-input single-output or SISO). In one form of cooperative transmissions, multiple nodes can act as virtual antenna elements and provide diversity gain or range improvement using space-time coding. In a multi-hop ad hoc or sensor network, a source node can make use of its neighbors as relays with itself to reach an intermediate node with greater reliability or at a larger distance than otherwise possible. The intermediate node will use its neighbors in a similar manner and this process continues till the destination is reached. Thus, for the same reliability of a link as SISO, the number of hops between a source and destination may be reduced using cooperative transmissions as each hop spans a larger distance. However, the presence of ma-licious or compromised nodes in the network impacts the benefits obtained with cooperative transmissions. Using more relays can increase the reach of a link, but if one or more relays are malicious, the transmission may fail. However, the relationships between the number of relays, the number of hops, and success probabilities are not trivial to determine. In this paper, we analyze this problem to understand the conditions under which cooperative transmissions fare better or worse than SISO transmissions. We take into consideration additional parameters such as the path-loss exponent and provide a framework that allows us to evaluate the conditions when cooperative transmissions are better than SISO transmissions. This analysis provides insights that can be employed before resorting to simulations or experimentation. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Effect of spatial bias on the nonequilibrium phase transition in a system of coagulating and fragmenting particles
We examine the effect of spatial bias on a nonequilibrium system in which
masses on a lattice evolve through the elementary moves of diffusion,
coagulation and fragmentation. When there is no preferred directionality in the
motion of the masses, the model is known to exhibit a nonequilibrium phase
transition between two different types of steady states, in all dimensions. We
show analytically that introducing a preferred direction in the motion of the
masses inhibits the occurrence of the phase transition in one dimension, in the
thermodynamic limit. A finite size system, however, continues to show a
signature of the original transition, and we characterize the finite size
scaling implications of this. Our analysis is supported by numerical
simulations. In two dimensions, bias is shown to be irrelevant.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, revte
Theory of Insulator Metal Transition and Colossal Magnetoresistance in Doped Manganites
The persistent proximity of insulating and metallic phases, a puzzling
characterestic of manganites, is argued to arise from the self organization of
the twofold degenerate e_g orbitals of Mn into localized Jahn-Teller(JT)
polaronic levels and broad band states due to the large electron - JT phonon
coupling present in them. We describe a new two band model with strong
correlations and a dynamical mean-field theory calculation of equilibrium and
transport properties. These explain the insulator metal transition and colossal
magnetoresistance quantitatively, as well as other consequences of two state
coexistence
Data Credence in IoT: Vision and Challenges
As the Internet of Things permeates every aspect of human life, assessing the credence or integrity of the data generated by "things" becomes a central exercise for making decisions or in auditing events. In this paper, we present a vision of this exercise that includes the notion of data credence, assessing data credence in an efficient manner, and the use of technologies that are on the horizon for the very large scale Internet of Things
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