Plasma–liquid interactions: a review and roadmap

Plasma–liquid interactions represent a growing interdisciplinary area of research involving plasma science, fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, photolysis, multiphase chemistry and aerosol science. This review provides an assessment of the state-of-the-art of this multidisciplinary area and identifies the key research challenges. The developments in diagnostics, modeling and further extensions of cross section and reaction rate databases that are necessary to address these challenges are discussed. The review focusses on non-equilibrium plasmas

Adsorption of Cationic and Anionic Dyes onto Commercial Kaolin

Commercial kaolin from a Polish deposit has been examined as a low-cost adsorbent for effluent remediation using five cationic and five anionic industrial dyes. Methylene Blue dye was also used as a reference. The anionic dyes studied showed no affinity towards the kaolin surface, whereas the experimental isotherms for the adsorption of the cationic dyes could all be well described by the Langmuir equation. The values of the adsorption capacity of kaolin towards the cationic dyes ranged from 4 mg/g to 29 mg/g, being probably dependent on the geometry of the dye molecules. The resulting degrees of decolourization attained values of 85–90% for initial dye concentrations in the range 6–20 mg/dm 3 and for kaolin loadings of 0.5–3 g/dm 3 . Adsorption of the cationic dyes onto kaolin increased at higher solution pH values

Modelling electron-induced processes in “condensed” formic acid

Quantum calculations and experiments with molecular beams have been carried out for the Formic Acid dimeric structures colliding with a beam of slow (<20 eV) electrons. The corresponding computed S-matrix poles, seen as signatures for the formation of transient negative ions, allow us to assign the resonances to specific doorway states which are suggested to be responsible for the fragmentation patterns observed in the present experiments and in earlier measurements carried out both in molecular beams and with films of formic acid. We further show the computed behaviour of partial cross-sections and partial eigenphase sums for the dominant symmetry components