2,186 research outputs found
Control of Fusarium head blight and accumulation of deoxynivalenol in durum wheat grain, semolina and bran
To verify the effects of E.B.I. fungicides on Fusarium head blight and to determine the deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain, semolina and bran, three separate trials were carried out in fields near Bologna (Italy) on susceptible durum wheat varieties artificially inoculated with F. graminearum and F. culmorum, responsible of this disease. Treatments with bromuconazole, prochloraz, tebuconazole applied in the field had significantly reduced the FHB disease incidence and severity by 56% and 73% respectively and the numbers of kernels infected by F. graminearum and F. culmorum by 66.6%. These products reduced also DON content in kernels, semolina and bran, compared to the non treated samples. The correlation (r) between DON and the incidence of F. graminearum and F. culmorum infected kernels was in the Original Sample (OS) 0.90
A simple abstraction of arrays and maps by program translation
We present an approach for the static analysis of programs handling arrays,
with a Galois connection between the semantics of the array program and
semantics of purely scalar operations. The simplest way to implement it is by
automatic, syntactic transformation of the array program into a scalar program
followed analysis of the scalar program with any static analysis technique
(abstract interpretation, acceleration, predicate abstraction,.. .). The
scalars invariants thus obtained are translated back onto the original program
as universally quantified array invariants. We illustrate our approach on a
variety of examples, leading to the " Dutch flag " algorithm
Scaling Bounded Model Checking By Transforming Programs With Arrays
Bounded Model Checking is one the most successful techniques for finding bugs
in program. However, model checkers are resource hungry and are often unable to
verify programs with loops iterating over large arrays.We present a
transformation that enables bounded model checkers to verify a certain class of
array properties. Our technique transforms an array-manipulating (ANSI-C)
program to an array-free and loop-free (ANSI-C) program thereby reducing the
resource requirements of a model checker significantly. Model checking of the
transformed program using an off-the-shelf bounded model checker simulates the
loop iterations efficiently. Thus, our transformed program is a sound
abstraction of the original program and is also precise in a large number of
cases - we formally characterize the class of programs for which it is
guaranteed to be precise. We demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of
our technique on both industry code as well as academic benchmarks
Catalysis in non--local quantum operations
We show how entanglement can be used, without being consumed, to accomplish
unitary operations that could not be performed with out it. When applied to
infinitesimal transformations our method makes equivalent, in the sense of
Hamiltonian simulation, a whole class of otherwise inequivalent two-qubit
interactions. The new catalysis effect also implies the asymptotic equivalence
of all such interactions.Comment: 4 pages, revte
5kWe+5kWt reformer-PEMFC energy generator from bioethanol first data on the fuel processor from a demonstrative project
A power unit constituted by a reformer section, a H 2 purification section and a fuel cell stack is being tested c/o the Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Universit\ue0 degli Studi di Milano, on the basis of a collaboration with HELBIO S.A. Hydrogen and Energy Production Systems, Patras (Greece), supplier of the unit, and some sponsors (Linea Energia S.p.A., Parco Tecnologico Padano and Provincia di Lodi, Italy). The system size allows to co-generate 5 kW e (220 V, 50 Hz a.c.) + 5 kW t (hot water at 65\ub0C) as peak output. Bioethanol, obtainable by different non-food-competitive biomass, is transformed into syngas by a pre-reforming and reforming reactors couple and the reformate is purified from CO to a concentration below 20 ppmv, suitable to feed a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack that will be integrated in the fuel processor in a second step of the experimentation. This result is achieved by feeding the reformate to two water gas shift reactors, connected in series and operating at high and low temperature, respectively. CO concentration in the outcoming gas is ca. 0.4 vol% and the final CO removal to meet the specifications is accomplished by two methanation reactors in series. The second methanation step acts merely as a guard, since ca. 15 ppmv of CO are obtained already after the first reactor. The goals of the present project are to test the integrated fuel processor, to check the effectiveness of the proposed technology and to suggest possible adequate improvements
A special simplex in the state space for entangled qudits
Focus is on two parties with Hilbert spaces of dimension d, i.e. "qudits". In
the state space of these two possibly entangled qudits an analogue to the well
known tetrahedron with the four qubit Bell states at the vertices is presented.
The simplex analogue to this magic tetrahedron includes mixed states. Each of
these states appears to each of the two parties as the maximally mixed state.
Some studies on these states are performed, and special elements of this set
are identified. A large number of them is included in the chosen simplex which
fits exactly into conditions needed for teleportation and other applications.
Its rich symmetry - related to that of a classical phase space - helps to study
entanglement, to construct witnesses and perform partial transpositions. This
simplex has been explored in details for d=3. In this paper the mathematical
background and extensions to arbitrary dimensions are analysed.Comment: 24 pages, in connection with the Workshop 'Theory and Technology in
Quantum Information, Communication, Computation and Cryptography' June 2006,
Trieste; summary and outlook added, minor changes in notatio
Modeling and Simulation of Multi-Lane Traffic Flow
A most important aspect in the field of traffic modeling is the simulation of
bottleneck situations. For their realistic description a macroscopic multi-lane
model for uni-directional freeways including acceleration, deceleration,
velocity fluctuations, overtaking and lane-changing maneuvers is systematically
deduced from a gas-kinetic (Boltzmann-like) approach. The resulting equations
contain corrections with respect to previous models. For efficient computer
simulations, a reduced model delineating the coarse-grained temporal behavior
is derived and applied to bottleneck situations.Comment: For related work see
http://www.theo2.physik.uni-stuttgart.de/helbing.htm
Defective ribosomal products challenge nuclear function by impairing nuclear condensate dynamics and immobilizing ubiquitin
Nuclear protein aggregation has been linked to genome instability and disease. The main source of aggregation-prone proteins in cells is defective ribosomal products (DRiPs), which are generated by translating ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Here, we report that DRiPs rapidly diffuse into the nucleus and accumulate in nucleoli and PML bodies, two membraneless organelles formed by liquid\u2013liquid phase separation. We show that nucleoli and PML bodies act as dynamic overflow compartments that recruit protein quality control factors and store DRiPs for later clearance. Whereas nucleoli serve as constitutive overflow compartments, PML bodies are stress-inducible overflow compartments for DRiPs. If DRiPs are not properly cleared by chaperones and proteasomes due to proteostasis impairment, nucleoli undergo amyloidogenesis and PML bodies solidify. Solid PML bodies immobilize 20S proteasomes and limit the recycling of free ubiquitin. Ubiquitin depletion, in turn, compromises the formation of DNA repair compartments at fragile chromosomal sites, ultimately threatening cell survival
Alternative fidelity measure for quantum states
We propose an alternative fidelity measure (namely, a measure of the degree
of similarity) between quantum states and benchmark it against a number of
properties of the standard Uhlmann-Jozsa fidelity. This measure is a simple
function of the linear entropy and the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product between
the given states and is thus, in comparison, not as computationally demanding.
It also features several remarkable properties such as being jointly concave
and satisfying all of "Jozsa's axioms". The trade-off, however, is that it is
supermultiplicative and does not behave monotonically under quantum operations.
In addition, new metrics for the space of density matrices are identified and
the joint concavity of the Uhlmann-Jozsa fidelity for qubit states is
established.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. v2 includes minor changes, new references and
new numerical results (Sec. IV
Range expansion with mutation and selection: dynamical phase transition in a two-species Eden model
The colonization of unoccupied territory by invading species, known as range expansion, is a spatially heterogeneous non-equilibrium growth process. We introduce a two-species Eden growth model to analyze the interplay between uni-directional (irreversible) mutations and selection at the expanding front. While the evolutionary dynamics leads to coalescence of both wild-type and mutant clusters, the non-homogeneous advance of the colony results in a rough front. We show that roughening and domain dynamics are strongly coupled, resulting in qualitatively altered bulk and front properties. For beneficial mutations the front is quickly taken over by mutants and growth proceeds Eden-like. In contrast, if mutants grow slower than wild-types, there is an antagonism between selection pressure against mutants and growth by the merging of mutant domains with an ensuing absorbing state phase transition to an all-mutant front. We find that surface roughening has a marked effect on the critical properties of the absorbing state phase transition. While reference models, which keep the expanding front flat, exhibit directed percolation critical behavior, the exponents of the two-species Eden model strongly deviate from it. In turn, the mutation-selection process induces an increased surface roughness with exponents distinct from that of the classical Eden model
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