Econometric models for forecasting of macroeconomic indices

The urgency of the research topic was stipulated by the necessity to carry out an effective controlled process by the economic system which can hardly be imagined without indices forecasting characteristic of this system. An econometric model is a safe tool of forecasting which makes it possible to take into consideration the trend of indices development in the past and their cause and effect interrelations. The aim of the article is to build econometric models for macroeconomic indices forecasting, reflecting Russia’s economy stabilization processes. In the process of research econometric modeling methods were used which allow to build, estimate and control the quality of various econometric models. In the given research the following models were built and analyzed: autoregressive integrated moving average model, vector auto-regression model, simultaneous equations system; the comparison of forecast possibilities and forecast accuracy of models built; forecast values of considered macroeconomic indices for the next periods were received. As to the results of study some preference can be given to forecasting on the basis of autoregressive models. The materials of the article can be quite useful for researchers, dealing with problems of modeling and economic processes forecasting, both in their scientific and practical activity. © 2016 Sukhanova, Shirnaeva and Mokronosov

Efficient Encoding of Matrix Microparticles with Nanocrystals for Fluorescent Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Development

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules development and further use as specific carriers for drug molecules, fluorescent dyes, and metal nanoparticles is a promising approach to designing theranostic agents. Semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots exhibiting size-dependent optical properties, a high photostability, and optimal fluorescent properties can be advantageous over classical organic fluorophores. The results of elaboration of efficient encoding of matrix microparticles with nanocrystals for development of fluorescent polyelectrolyte microcapsules and the characteristics of the obtained encoded microbeads are demonstrated. Keywords: Semiconductor nanocrystals; encoding of matrix microbeads; theranostic agents, polyelectrolyte microcapsules, layer-by-layer technique

In Vitro Cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots and Their Interaction with Biological Systems

Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) have a wide range of potential application in multiplexed tissue and cell imaging, and for in vivo molecular diagnostics and therapy. Therefore studying of the toxicity of QDs and their influence on various cellular processes in vitro is necessary to understand their interaction with living systems.; The paper presents the results of studies on the evaluation of CdSe/ZnS QD cytotoxicity, as well as the results of studying their interaction with freshly prepared human monocytes in vitro. Keywords: Quantum dots, semiconductor nanocrystals, cytotoxicity, in vitro models, monocytes

Optical Properties of Core-Multishell Quantum Dots

During the past decade, colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) have become not only a subject of interesting fundamental research, but also a product for real-life applications. Intense activities devoted to enhancement of QDs photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY), starting from early attempts to deposit protective ZnS shells atop CdSe cores, have resulted in novel designs of core-shell QDs with 100% PL QY. In this work we present a detailed analysis of optical properties of core-“multishell” (MS) QDs, whose physical structure is specifically designed to attain maximum localization of excited charge carriers inside luminescent cores, and thereby to achieve 100% PL QY. We have produced samples of core-MS QDs having 3 to 7 shell monolayers, studied the evolution of optical transitions in such QDs during the process of shell deposition, and analyzed the effects of shell thickness on the optical properties of finally obtained QDs. Specifically, studies of PL lifetimes have revealed the possibility of alternative emission mechanism, based on delayed charge carrier transfer from excited outer CdS layer of the multishell into CdSe cores. Keywords: quantum dots, core-shell, multishell, SILA

Cytotoxicity of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Encoded with Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules are promising carriers of drugs and diagnostic agents for designing targeted and controlled delivery systems design. The use of quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent labels in bioimaging is a promising approach to bioimaging tool development. The potential toxicity of QDs makes their applicability as fluorescent labels in vivo questionable. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of polyelectrolyte microcapsules encoded with semiconductor nanocrystals has been investigated. Keywords: Polyelectrolyte microcapsules, semiconductor nanocrystals, cytotoxicity, theranostic agents

Influence of the participatory budgeting on the infrastructural development of the territories in the Russian federation

The relevance of the investigated problem is caused by the need for the advancing of participatory budgeting practice in the Russian Federation. Due to insufficient development of theoretical, scientific, and methodological aspects of the participatory budgeting, very few territories in the Russian Federation use this tool effectively. The most important issue to be addressed is increasing the effectiveness of involving of local communities in the process of the rational allocation of budgetary funds. The objective of this paper is to study how participatory budgeting influences the potential of infrastructural development of territories in the Russian Federation. The leading methods of investigation of the problem include analyzing the common practices in certain regions and specifying the different categories of participatory budgeting. Using these methods, the authors consider the participatory budgeting as a process of allocating the budget funds to address the primary local problems, which leads to improving territorial infrastructure development. The results of the given research include updated conceptual basis of participatory budgeting; indicators reflecting the influence of the participatory budgeting on infrastructural development and criteria for its implementation in the municipalities; organizational chart clarifying the methodological aspects of different types of the participatory budgeting; and classification of territorial development mechanisms based on the participatory budgeting models of financing municipal projects. The practical significance of the given research is focused on the development of the practice of the relevant projects financing through the participatory budgeting in the Russian regions by systematizing their conceptual frameworks. Results of the study can be used by regional and municipal authorities to improve the relevant legislation, and by representatives of local communities to increase their participation in the budgeting process. © 2016 Tsurkan et al

Human base excision repair enzymes apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease1 (APE1), DNA polymerase β and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1: interplay between strand-displacement DNA synthesis and proofreading exonuclease activity

We examined interactions between base excision repair (BER) DNA intermediates and purified human BER enzymes, DNA polymerase β (pol β), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Studies under steady-state conditions with purified BER enzymes and BER substrates have already demonstrated interplay between these BER enzymes that is sensitive to the respective concentrations of each enzyme. Therefore, in this study, using conditions of enzyme excess over substrate DNA, we further examine the question of interplay between BER enzymes on BER intermediates. The results reveal several important differences compared with data obtained using steady-state assays. Excess PARP-1 antagonizes the action of pol β, producing a complete block of long patch BER strand-displacement DNA synthesis. Surprisingly, an excess of APE1 stimulates strand-displacement DNA synthesis by pol β, but this effect is blocked by PARP-1. The APE1 exonuclease function appears to be modulated by the other BER proteins. Excess APE1 over pol β may allow APE1 to perform both exonuclease function and stimulation of strand-displacement DNA synthesis by pol β. This enables pol β to mediate long patch sub-pathway. These results indicate that differences in the stoichiometry of BER enzymes may regulate BER

Eritrocytic Parameters of the Blood of Calves with Different Birth Weights

In the conditions of a dairy farm with the help of the standard clinical, instrumental and laboratory methods the research on particularities of Eritrocytic parameters of the blood of calves (n=299) with different birth weights was carried out. It is shown that Holstein calves with normal intrauterine growth, born with body weight from 36.5 to 29 kg, have no reliable differences in red blood cell count. With a 1 kg reduction in body weight, there is a trend towards hyperchromia, but an increase in weight deficiency promotes of hypovolemia, hypochromia, and polycythaemia. In newborns with a body weight of 27.9–26.9 kg, polycythaemia is derived from hypovolemia, but, with a more pronounced weight deficiency, the role of erythrogenesis disorder in the pathogenesis of the syndrome increases. Hypochromia is a consequence of hematopoietic organs dysfunction and transmembrane loss of hemoglobin. Herein membrane destruction is caused by the increase in the content of toxical metabolites in the blood (sorptivity of red blood cells by 10–12 percent), and by a higher level of adrenaline (modification coefficient of membranes by adrenaline by 20–30 %). This indicates that the response of the fetus to the factors that inhibit its development is similar to a metabolic response against stress. At strong underweight body (b.w. less than 25 kg) exhausting of adaptive capability is observed with the increase in the blood level of toxical metabolites (sorptivity of red blood cells by 15 %), level of membrane destruction (level of ectoglobular hemoglobin in 2,8 times), and heterogeneity of red blood cells. Thus, in newborns with a body weight of less than 29 kg, the significant disturbances in the structure and functions of red blood cells were revealed, which gave grounds for stating that they had antenatal hypotrophy. Herewith, the severity of hematological changes depends on the degree of weight deficiency. Initially, it is hypovolemia and the resulting polycythemia, but, erythropoiesis disorders, and destruction of their membranes with increased polycythemia, and the development of hypochromia occur with the increasing severity of hypotrophy

Ecological features of cyanobacteria and algae communities of the littoral of the meromictic Lake Shira (Khakassia Republic, Russia)

During the study of cyanobacteria and algae from littoral of the meromictic Lake Shira (Republic of Khakas- sia, Russia) forty-eight taxa were identified: Cyanobacteria – 7, Chlorophyta – 5, and Bacillariophyta – 36 species. Cyanobacteria were represented by cosmopolitan taxa Leptolyngbya voronichiniana, cf. Trichocoleus hospitus and widely distributed in the freshwater ecosystems species Phormidium cf. paulsenianum, Pseudophormidium cf. golenkinianum, P. pauciramosum, Leptolyngbya perforans, and L. subtilissima. Among green algae typical freshwater taxa Chloroidium saccharophilum, Desmodesmus abundans, Oocystis lacustris, Chlorella sp., Stigeoclonium sp. were detected. Among Bacillariophyta the most frequent species were Amphora ovalis, Cymbella affinis, Encyonema silesiacum, Eunotia fallax, Gomphonella olivacea, G. parvulum, Kobayasiella subtilissima, Navicula minima, N. radiosa, N. veneta, Nitzchia fonti- cola, N. palea, Grunowia tabellaria, Surirella undulata. Several rare species cf. Fragilaria tenera, Grunowia tabellaria and cf. Ulnaria capitata were found. In relation to mineralization indifferents was the largest group (73%). In relation to pH, a unique feature of the investigated lake was the predominance of alkaliphilic species of diatoms (56%), such as Amphora ovalis, Cymbella affinis, Gomphonema truncatum, Hantzschia amphioxys, Navicula minima, N. veneta, Nitzschia cf. linearis, N. palea, Planothidium lanceolatum and other. In the geographic structure cosmopolitan group included 25 species (69%), boreal group – 4 species (11%), arcto-apline group – 2 species (6%). To obtain more accurate informa- tion on the biodiversity of cyanobacteria and algae of Lake Shira further studies using molecular-genetic and electron microscopic methods are needed