Pursuit-evasion differential game with many inertial players

We consider pursuit-evasion differential game of countable number inertial players in Hilbert space with integral constraints on the control functions of players. Duration of the game is fixed. The payoff functional is the greatest lower bound of distances between the pursuers and evader when the game is terminated. The pursuers try to minimize the functional, and the evader tries to maximize it. In this paper, we find the value of the game and construct optimal strategies of the players

Evasion from many pursuers in simple motion differential game with integral constraints.

We study a two dimensional evasion differential game with several pursuers and one evader with integral constraints on control functions of players. Assuming that the total resource of the pursuers does not exceed that of the evader, we solve the game by presenting explicit strategy for the evader which guarantees evasion

Identifikasi Kemampuan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Konsep Mol di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Wonosari

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal konsep mol dikelas X SMA Negeri 1 Wonosari. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelasX SMA Negeri 1 Wonosari tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 29 orang. Instrumen penelitian ini berupa tes uraian essay sebanyak 10 nomor. Dari hasil uji coba instrumen tes diperoleh 10 nomor soal yang validasi rhitung lebih besar dari rtabel dan koefisien reliabilitas tesnya, yaitu 0,57. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini diteliti secara deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, untuk indikator yang 1.) yaitu menerapkan konsep mol dalam perhitungan kimia ada sebanyak 72% siswa dapat menyelesaikan soal dengan baik, 2.) yaitu membedakan konsep mol pada gas dan larutan ada sebanyak 69 % siswa dapat menyelesaikan soal, 3.) yaitu menentukann rumus empiris dan rumus molekul serta senyawa hidrat ada sebanyak 41% siswa dapat menjawab soal, 4.) yaitu menganalisis konsep mol untuk menyelesaikan perhitungan kimia ( hubungan antara jumlah mol, partikel, massa dan volume gas dalam persamaan reaksi serta reaksi pembatas ada sebanyak 24,75% siswa dapat menjawab soal, 5.) yaitu menyetarakan persamaan reaksi ada sebanyak 8,5 % siswa dapat menjawab soal, 6.) yaitu menentukan massa Atom relatif (Ar) dan massa molekul relatif (Mr) ada sebanyak 3% siswa dapat menjawab soal

Karakterisasi Asam Lemak Hasil Hidrolisis pada Minyak Biji Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) dengan Metode Kromatografi Gas-Spektroskopi Massa

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi asam lemak hasil hidrolisis pada biji kelor (Moringa oleifera) dengan metode kromatografi gas-spektroskopi massa. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah biji kelor kering dan basah. Sampel biji kelor diekstraksi menggunakan n-heksan untuk memperoleh minyak. Ditentukan bilangan asam dan bilangan penyabunan. Menghidrolisis minyak hasil ekstraksi dengan larutan KOH dan katalis H2SO4 menjadi asam lemak bebas, analisis asam lemak kemudian dikonversi menjadi metil ester dengan menggunakan pelarut CH3OH dan H2SO4 sebagai katalis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Kromatografi Gas-Spektroskopi Massa untuk mengidentifikasi asam lemak dalam sampel. Dari analisa Kromatografi Gas-Spektroskopi Massa yang telah dilakukan, asam lemak minyak biji kelor kering yang dihasilkan adalah asam laurat, asam palmitoleat, asam palmitat, asam oleat, asam stearat, dan asam arakidat. Sedangkan untuk asam lemak minyak biji kelor basah yang dihasilkan adalah asam palmitoleat, asam palmitat, asam oleat, asam stearat, asam eikosenat, asam arakidat, asam behenat, dan asam lignoserat. Dimana komponen terbesar metil ester pada biji kelor kering dan biji kelor basah adalah metil oleat dengan persentasi masing-masing 38,08% dan 38,84%

Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna Pada Masyarakat Kayubulan Kabupaten Gorontalo Melalui Pengolahan Limbah Organik, Anorganik dan Eceng Gondok

The problem of hyacinths in the Limboto lake of Gorontalo Regency has not yet been resolved, causing silting of the lake. Organic and inorganic waste also aggravated the silting. The application of appropriate technology to the Kayubulan community aims to educate the public through organic, inorganic, and hyacinth waste treatment technology. The stages of activities are in the form of community education, consultation, diffusion of science and technology, training, mediation, science and technology simulation, substitution of science and technology, advocacy. The results of this activity provide an understanding to the community about the use of hyacinth, plastic waste, garbage and livestock manure intop roduk in the form of organic solid fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, briquettes, bioethanol, and handicrafts. This activity has a positive impact on increasing the knowledge and skills of the target partners of the young people of the Kayubulan community

Association of variable number of tandem repeats in endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with coronary artery disease

Endo-derived nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from L-arginine by endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Since reduced NO synthesis has been implicated in the development of coronary atherosclerosis; we hypothesized that polymorphisms of NOS gene might be associated with increased susceptibility to this disorder and coronary artery disease (CAD). We studied the 27 base pair tandem repeat polymorphism in intron4 of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene in 141 unrelated CAD patients with positive coronary angiograms in Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital and 159 age matched control subjects without a history of symptomatic CAD. The study protocol was approved by the Iran University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee. The eNOS gene intron4a/b VNTR polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The plasma lipids levels and other risk factors were also determined. The genotype frequencies for eNOS4b/b, eNOS4a/b and eNOS4a/a were 68.8, 29.1 and 2.1 in CAD subjects, and 81, 18.4 and 0.6 in control subjects, respectively. The genotype frequencies differed significantly between the two groups (�2= 6.38 P= 0.041). The frequency of the allele was 16.7 in CAD subjects and 9.8 in control subjects and was significantly higher in the patients (�2= 6.18 P= 0.013, odds ratio=1.84). Plasma lipids, except HDL-C were also remarkablely increased in CAD group

Estimating phase with a random generator: strategies and resources in multiparameter quantum metrology

Quantum metrology aims to exploit quantum phenomena to overcome classical limitations in the estimation of relevant parameters. We consider a probe undergoing a phase shift φ whose generator is randomly sampled according to a distribution with unknown concentration κ, which introduces a physical source of noise. We then investigate strategies for the joint estimation of the two parameters φ and κ given a finite number N of interactions with the phase imprinting channel. We consider both single qubit and multipartite entangled probes, and identify regions of the parameters where simultaneous estimation is advantageous, resulting in up to a twofold reduction in resources. Quantum enhanced precision is achievable at moderate N, while for sufficiently large N classical strategies take over and the precision follows the standard quantum limit. We show that full-scale entanglement is not needed to reach such an enhancement, as efficient strategies using significantly fewer qubits in a scheme interpolating between the conventional sequential and parallel metrological schemes yield the same effective performance. These results may have relevant applications in optimization of sensing technologies

A 3D printed drug delivery implant formed from a dynamic supramolecular polyurethane formulation

Using a novel molecular design approach, we have prepared a thermo-responsive supramolecular polyurethane as a matrix material for use in drug eluting implants. The dynamic supramolecular polyurethane (SPU) is able to self-assemble through hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, resulting in an addressable polymer network with a relatively low processing temperature. The mechanical properties of the SPU demonstrated the material was self-supporting, stiff, yet flexible thus making it suitable for hot-melt extrusion processing, inclusive of related 3D printing approaches. Cell-based toxicity assays revealed the SPU to be non-toxic and therefore a viable candidate as a biocompatible polymer for implant applications. To this end, the SPU was formulated with paracetamol (16 %w/w) and 4 wt% or 8 wt% poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an excipient and hot melt extruded at 100 °C to afford a 3D printed prototype implant to explore the extended drug release required for an implant and the potential manipulation of the release profile. Furthermore, rheological, infra-red spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the chemical and physical properties and compatibility of the formulation components. Successful release of paracetamol was achieved from in vitro dissolution studies and it was predicted that the drug would be released over a period of up to 8.5 months with hydrophilic PEG being able to influence the release rate. This extended release time is consistent with applications of this novel dynamic polymer as a drug eluting implant matrix

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene intron4 VNTR polymorphism in patients with coronary artery disease in Iran

Background & objectives: Endo-derived nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from L-arginine by endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) encoded by the NOS3 gene on chromosome7. Since reduced No synthesis has been implicated in the development of coronary atherosclerosis; polymorphisms of NOS gene might be associated with increased susceptibility to this disorder and coronary artery disease (CAD). We therefore undertook this study to determine the association between the occurrence of CAD and eNOS4 b/a polymorphism in Iranian patients. Methods: We studied the 27 base pair tandem repeat polymorphism in intron4 of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene in 141 unrelated CAD patients with positive coronary angiograms and 159 age matched control subjects without a history of symptomatic CAD. The eNOS gene intron4a/b VNTR polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The plasma lipids levels and other risk factors were also determined. Results: The genotype frequencies for eNOS4b/b, eNOS4a/b and eNOS4a/a were 68.8, 29.1 and 2.1 per cent in CAD subjects, and 81, 18.4 and 0.6 per cent in control subjects, respectively. The genotype frequencies differed significantly (P<0.05) between the two groups. The frequency of the a allele was 16.7 per cent in CAD subjects and 9.8 per cent in control subjects and was significantly higher in the patients (P<0.05, Odds ratio=1.84). Plasma lipids, except HDL-C were also significantly increased in CAD group. Interpretation & conclusion: Though the genotype frequencies for eNOS4b/ b, eNOS4a/b and eNOS4a/a, also 'a' allele frequency differed significantly between the CAD patients and controls, this polymorphism was not an independent risk factor for the development of CAD in Iranian patients. Further studies with larger samples need to be done to confirm these findings