Application of the Hughes-LIU algorithm to the 2-dimensional heat equation

An implicit explicit algorithm for the solution of transient problems in structural dynamics is described. The method involved dividing the finite elements into implicit and explicit groups while automatically satisfying the conditions. This algorithm is applied to the solution of the linear, transient, two dimensional heat equation subject to an initial condition derived from the soluton of a steady state problem over an L-shaped region made up of a good conductor and an insulating material. Using the IIT/PRIME computer with virtual memory, a FORTRAN computer program code was developed to make accuracy, stability, and cost comparisons among the fully explicit Euler, the Hughes-Liu, and the fully implicit Crank-Nicholson algorithms. The Hughes-Liu claim that the explicit group governs the stability of the entire region while maintaining the unconditional stability of the implicit group is illustrated

Progression of myopathology in Kearns-Sayre syndrome

We report on the progression of myopathology by comparing two biopsies from a patient with a Kearns-Sayre-Syndrome. The first biopsy was taken in 1979 and showed 10% ragged-red fibers. Myopathic changes were slight including internal nuclei and fiber splitting in 10% of the fibers. Electron microscopy revealed typical mitochondrial abnormalities with regard to number and shape. In 1989 a second biopsy was performed for an extended analysis of mitochondrial DNA. This time less than 5% of all fibers were ragged-red. Severe myopathic changes could be detected which so far has rarely been reported in mitochondrial cytopathy

Visualizing Production Surfaces in 3D Diagrams

During the last four decades Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has attracted considerable attention in the OR community. Using DEA, the efficiency frontier is constructed based on assumptions concerning the production possibility set rather than a priori defining a functional relationship between inputs and outputs. In this contribution, we propose an algorithm to visualize the efficiency surface in a 3D diagram and to extract isoquants from the efficient hull based on different RTS assumptions which might be particularly helpful for presentation purposes. In doing so, we extend the existing literature which has concentrated on the visualization of production frontiers in 2D diagrams to the visualization of efficient rather than fully efficient hulls in 3D diagrams. Displaying a fully efficient hull, however, does not reflect all properties of the production possibility set as weakly efficient frontier segments are missing

Effects of hydrostaticity on the structural stability of carbonates at lower mantle pressures the case study of dolomite

We have conducted high pressure far-infrared absorbance and Raman spectroscopic investigations on a natural iron-free dolomite sample up to 40 GPa. Comparison between the present observations and literature results unraveled the effect of hydrostatic conditions on the high pressure dolomite polymorph adopted close to 40 GPa, i.e. the triclinic Dol-IIIc modification. In particular, non-hydrostatic conditions impose structural disorder at these pressures, whereas hydrostatic conditions allow the detection of an ordered Dol-IIIc vibrational response. Hence, hydrostatic conditions appear to be a key ingredient for modeling carbon subduction at lower mantle conditions. Our complementary first-principles calculations verified the far-infrared vibrational response of the ambient- and high pressure dolomite phases.This study was partly supported by a Grant from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Research Unit FOR2125 CarboPaT under Grants KO1260/16 and JA1469/9

Direct extreme UV-lithographic conversion of metal xanthates into nanostructured metal sulfide layers for hybrid photovoltaics

We present a versatile strategy toward the preparation of nanostructured metal sulfide layers, which exploits the photosensitivity of metal xanthates as a powerful tool for lithographic structuring. Using extreme ultraviolet interference lithography (EUV-IL), we successfully realized well-defined column and comb nanostructures. This approach provides new pathways to fabricate highly ordered structured metal sulfide layers with periodicities far below 100 nm for potential application in hybrid solar cells. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Эколого-геохимические особенности природных сред центральной части восточного побережья озера Байкал

Изучение химического состава природных сред биосферных заповедников является актуальной задачей геоэкологических исследований Объектом исследования является почва, природные воды, донные отложения рек Цели и задачи исследования (работы): изучить радиоэкологические особенности территории, исследовать элементный состав природных сред, выявить различия в составе различных исследуемых объектов, определить источники повышенных концентраций.The study of the chemical composition of natural environments in biosphere reserves is an urgent task of geoecological research. the object of research is the soil, natural waters, bottom sediments of rivers goals and objectives of the study( work): to study the radioecological features of the territory, to study the elemental composition of natural environments, to identify differences in the composition of various objects under study, to determine the sources of increased concentrations

Disruption of Toxoplasma gondii Parasitophorous Vacuoles by the Mouse p47-Resistance GTPases

The p47 GTPases are essential for interferon-γ-induced cell-autonomous immunity against the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, in mice, but the mechanism of resistance is poorly understood. We show that the p47 GTPases, including IIGP1, accumulate at vacuoles containing T. gondii. The accumulation is GTP-dependent and requires live parasites. Vacuolar IIGP1 accumulations undergo a maturation-like process accompanied by vesiculation of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. This culminates in disruption of the parasitophorous vacuole and finally of the parasite itself. Over-expression of IIGP1 leads to accelerated vacuolar disruption whereas a dominant negative form of IIGP1 interferes with interferon-γ-mediated killing of intracellular parasites. Targeted deletion of the IIGP1 gene results in partial loss of the IFN-γ-mediated T. gondii growth restriction in mouse astrocytes

Skin swabbing is a refined technique to collect DNA from model fish species

Model fish species such as sticklebacks and zebrafish are frequently used in studies that require DNA to be collected from live animals. This is typically achieved by fin clipping, a procedure that is simple and reliable to perform but that can harm fish. An alternative procedure to sample DNA involves swabbing the skin to collect mucus and epithelial cells. Although swabbing appears to be less invasive than fin clipping, it still requires fish to be netted, held in air and handled—procedures that can cause stress. In this study we combine behavioural and physiological analyses to investigate changes in gene expression, behaviour and welfare after fin clipping and swabbing. Swabbing led to a smaller change in cortisol release and behaviour on the first day of analysis compared to fin clipping. It also led to less variability in data suggesting that fewer animals need to be measured after using this technique. However, swabbing triggered some longer term changes in zebrafish behaviour suggesting a delayed response to sample collection. Skin swabbing does not require the use of anaesthetics and triggers fewer changes in behaviour and physiology than fin clipping. It is therefore a more refined technique for DNA collection with the potential to improve fish health and welfare

Технологические решения для строительства разведочной вертикальной скважины глубиной 2520 метров на нефтяном месторождении (Томская область)

Данная работа содержит следующие ключевые слова: буровая установка, бурение, буровой раствор, заканчивание скважин, скважина, нефть охрана окружающей среды, ресурсоффективность. Объектом исследования является разведочная вертикальная скважина глубиной 2540 метров на нефтегазовом месторождении (Томская область). Целью работы является – спроектировать технологические решения для бурения вертикальной разведочной скважины глубиной 2540 м на месторождении Томской области.This work contains the following keywords: rig, drilling, drilling mud, well completion, well, oil, environmental protection, resource efficiency. The object of the study is a vertical exploration well with a depth of 2540 meters in an oil and gas field (Tomsk region). The aim of the work is to design technological solutions for drilling a vertical exploration well with a depth of 2540 m in the field of the Tomsk region