248 research outputs found
The Influence of Spatial Resolution due to Hot-Wire Sensors on Measurements in Wall-Bounded Turbulence.
Reassessment of compiled data reveal that recorded scatter in the hot-wire measured near-wall peak in viscous-scaled streamwise turbulence intensity is due in large part to the simultaneous competing effects of Reynolds number and viscous-scaled wire-length l ( lUt n, where l is the wirelength, Ut is friction velocity and n is kinematic viscosity). These competing factors can explain much of the disparity in existing literature, in particular explaining how previous studies have incorrectly concluded that the inner-scaled near-wall peak is independent of Re. We also investigate the appearance of the, so-called, ‘outerpeak’ in the broadband streamwise intensity, found by some researchers to occur within the log-region of high Reynolds number boundary layers. We show that this ‘outer-peak’ is most likely a symptom of attenuation of small-scales due to large l . Fully mapped energy spectra, obtained with two different l , are presented to demonstrate this phenomena. The spatial attenuation resulting from wires with large l effectively filters small-scale fluctuations from the recorded signal
CSIP - a Novel Photon-Counting Detector Applicable for the SPICA Far-Infrared Instrument
We describe a novel GaAs/AlGaAs double-quantum-well device for the infrared
photon detection, called Charge-Sensitive Infrared Phototransistor (CSIP). The
principle of CSIP detector is the photo-excitation of an intersubband
transition in a QW as an charge integrating gate and the signal amplification
by another QW as a channel with very high gain, which provides us with
extremely high responsivity (10^4 -- 10^6 A/W). It has been demonstrated that
the CSIP designed for the mid-infrared wavelength (14.7 um) has an excellent
sensitivity; the noise equivalent power (NEP) of 7x10^-19 W/rHz with the
quantum efficiency of ~2%. Advantages of the CSIP against the other highly
sensitive detectors are, huge dynamic range of >10^6, low output impedance of
10^3 -- 10^4 Ohms, and relatively high operation temperature (>2K). We discuss
possible applications of the CSIP to FIR photon detection covering 35 -- 60 um
waveband, which is a gap uncovered with presently available photoconductors.Comment: To appear in Proc. Workshop "The Space Infrared Telescope for
Cosmology & Astrophysics: Revealing the Origins of Planets and Galaxies".
Eds. A.M. Heras, B. Swinyard, K. Isaak, and J.R. Goicoeche
An Archaeological Assessment of the Alazan Acequia (41BX620) in the Five Points Area of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas
In May 1996, while tunneling for a sewer line at the intersection of Cornell Street and Fredericksburg Road north of downtown San Antonio, contractors with the San Antonio River Authority (SARA) encountered late-nineteenth-century Alazan Acequia from 7-14ft below the modern surface. The Center for Archaeological Research entered into a contract with SARA to document the architecture and location of the acequia. The 1876 irrigation ditch, designated site 41BX620, was documented by photographs and measured drawings. A plan map of the location was drawn, and an artist\u27s conception of the architecture involved was produced from photographs, drawings, and archaeologists\u27 descriptions
Regulation of Lipid Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Fumonisin B\u3csub\u3e1\u3c/sub\u3e
The regulation of lipid biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by fumonisin B1 was examined. Fumonisin B1 inhibited the growth of yeast cells. Cells supplemented with fumonisin B1 accumulated free sphinganine and phytosphingosine in a dose-dependent manner. The cellular concentration of ceramide was reduced in fumonisin B1-supplemented cells. Ceramide synthase activity was found in yeast cell membranes and was inhibited by fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B1 inhibited the synthesis of the inositol-containing sphingo-lipids inositol phosphorylceramide, mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide, and mannosyldiinositol phosphorylceramide. Fumonisin B1 also caused a decrease in the synthesis of the major phospholipids synthesized via the CDP-diacylglycerol-dependent pathway and the synthesis of neutral lipids. The effects of fumonisin B1 and sphingoid bases on the activities of enzymes in the pathways leading to the synthesis of sphingolipids, phospholipids, and neutral lipids were also examined. Other than ceramide synthase, fumonisin B1 did not affect the activities of any of the enzymes examined. However, sphinganine and phytosphingosine inhibited the activities of inositol phosphorylceramide synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, and phosphatidate phosphatase. These are key enzymes responsible for the synthesis of lipids in yeast. The data reported here indicated that the biosynthesis of sphingolipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids was coordinately regulated by fumonisin B1 through the regulation of lipid biosynthetic enzymes by sphingoid bases
Restructuring Cross Border Groups: Key Considerations Around Foreign Tax and Finance Driven SPVs
Coherent privaatrech
Not all SCN1A epileptic encephalopathies are Dravet syndrome: Early profound Thr226Met phenotype.
OBJECTIVE: To define a distinct SCN1A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with early onset, profound impairment, and movement disorder. METHODS: A case series of 9 children were identified with a profound developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and SCN1A mutation. RESULTS: We identified 9 children 3 to 12 years of age; 7 were male. Seizure onset was at 6 to 12 weeks with hemiclonic seizures, bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, or spasms. All children had profound developmental impairment and were nonverbal and nonambulatory, and 7 of 9 required a gastrostomy. A hyperkinetic movement disorder occurred in all and was characterized by dystonia and choreoathetosis with prominent oral dyskinesia and onset from 2 to 20 months of age. Eight had a recurrent missense SCN1A mutation, p.Thr226Met. The remaining child had the missense mutation p.Pro1345Ser. The mutation arose de novo in 8 of 9; for the remaining case, the mother was negative and the father was unavailable. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we present a phenotype-genotype correlation for SCN1A. We describe a distinct SCN1A phenotype, early infantile SCN1A encephalopathy, which is readily distinguishable from the well-recognized entities of Dravet syndrome and genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. This disorder has an earlier age at onset, profound developmental impairment, and a distinctive hyperkinetic movement disorder, setting it apart from Dravet syndrome. Remarkably, 8 of 9 children had the recurrent missense mutation p.Thr226Met
Priming Picture Naming with a Semantic Task: An fMRI Investigation
Prior semantic processing can enhance subsequent picture naming performance, yet the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this effect and its longevity are unknown. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined whether different neurological mechanisms underlie short-term (within minutes) and long-term (within days) facilitation effects from a semantic task in healthy older adults. Both short- and long-term facilitated items were named significantly faster than unfacilitated items, with short-term items significantly faster than long-term items. Region of interest results identified decreased activity for long-term facilitated items compared to unfacilitated and short-term facilitated items in the mid-portion of the middle temporal gyrus, indicating lexical-semantic priming. Additionally, in the whole brain results, increased activity for short-term facilitated items was identified in regions previously linked to episodic memory and object recognition, including the right lingual gyrus (extending to the precuneus region) and the left inferior occipital gyrus (extending to the left fusiform region). These findings suggest that distinct neurocognitive mechanisms underlie short- and long-term facilitation of picture naming by a semantic task, with long-term effects driven by lexical-semantic priming and short-term effects by episodic memory and visual object recognition mechanisms
Water vapour in the atmosphere of a transiting extrasolar planet
Water is predicted to be among, if not the most abundant molecular species
after hydrogen in the atmospheres of close-in extrasolar giant planets
(hot-Jupiters) Several attempts have been made to detect water on an exoplanet,
but have failed to find compelling evidence for it or led to claims that should
be taken with caution. Here we report an analysis of recent observations of the
hot-Jupiter HD189733b taken during the transit, where the planet passed in
front of its parent star. We find that absorption by water vapour is the most
likely cause of the wavelength-dependent variations in the effective radius of
the planet at the infrared wavelengths 3.6, 5.8 and 8 microns. The larger
effective radius observed at visible wavelengths may be due to either star
variability or the presence of clouds/hazes. We explain the most recent thermal
infrared observations of the planet during secondary transit behind the star,
reporting a non-detection of water on HD189733b, as being a consequence of the
nearly isothermal vertical profile of the planet.s atmosphere. Our results show
that water is detectable on extrasolar planets using the primary transit
technique and that the infrared should be a better wavelength region than the
visible, for such searches
Clinical map document based on XML (cMDX): document architecture with mapping feature for reporting and analysing prostate cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The pathology report of radical prostatectomy specimens plays an important role in clinical decisions and the prognostic evaluation in Prostate Cancer (PCa). The anatomical schema is a helpful tool to document PCa extension for clinical and research purposes. To achieve electronic documentation and analysis, an appropriate documentation model for anatomical schemas is needed. For this purpose we developed cMDX.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The document architecture of cMDX was designed according to Open Packaging Conventions by separating the whole data into template data and patient data. Analogue custom XML elements were considered to harmonize the graphical representation (e.g. tumour extension) with the textual data (e.g. histological patterns). The graphical documentation was based on the four-layer visualization model that forms the interaction between different custom XML elements. Sensible personal data were encrypted with a 256-bit cryptographic algorithm to avoid misuse. In order to assess the clinical value, we retrospectively analysed the tumour extension in 255 patients after radical prostatectomy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The pathology report with cMDX can represent pathological findings of the prostate in schematic styles. Such reports can be integrated into the hospital information system. "cMDX" documents can be converted into different data formats like text, graphics and PDF. Supplementary tools like cMDX Editor and an analyser tool were implemented. The graphical analysis of 255 prostatectomy specimens showed that PCa were mostly localized in the peripheral zone (Mean: 73% ± 25). 54% of PCa showed a multifocal growth pattern.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>cMDX can be used for routine histopathological reporting of radical prostatectomy specimens and provide data for scientific analysis.</p
- …