About ecology around industrial areas of Мariupol

Содержание кислорода в атмосферном воздухе городов, а также в жилых, офисных и производственных помещениях является важнейшим фактором самочувствия и здоровья горожан. При высокой температуре и высокой абсолютной влажности приземного воздуха, содержание кислорода в атмосферном воздухе минимально, и люди могут испытывать признаки гипоксии. В промышленных южных городах, к которым относится г. Мариуполь (Украина), существуют дополнительные факторы, затрудняющие дыхание человека: более высокая (относительно окружающей город территории) температура воздуха и загрязненность атмосферы, в т. ч. угарным газом и взвешенными частицами. Это приводит в условиях аномальной жары и промышленных выбросов к повышению заболеваемости и смертности городского населения. Точные измерения парциального давления и парциальной плотности кислорода требуют специального оборудования и методик, поскольку процентное содержание кислорода в атмосферном воздухе достаточно велико, а его изменения относительно малы. Большинство современных приборов, используемых городскими службами мониторинга атмосферы, ориентированы на измерение существенных отклонений содержания кислорода от нормы. Службы мониторинга состава воздуха обычно не измеряют плотность кислорода, по-видимому, из-за неявного предположения ничтожного влияния изменения метеоусловий на его содержание. Кроме того, измерение малых изменений содержания кислорода в приземном слое воздуха является достаточно сложной технической задачей. В работе представлена попытка аналитического определения распределения концентраций кислорода в приземных слоях атмосферы вокруг мест стока кислорода из атмосферы на металлургических предприятиях г. Мариуполя, приведена аналитическая модель стока кислорода из приземного слоя на основе теории «обратной струи» в одномерной постановке. Получены соответствующие изолинии концентраций на различных расстояниях от мест стока кислорода. При этом концентрация кислорода снижается обратно пропорционально расстоянию от стока, что позволяет достаточно просто оценивать распределение концентраций в приземном слое атмосферы вокруг металлургических предприятий при известных координатах мест его стока в безветренную погоду. Проанализирована пространственная изменчивость и эпизоды аномального содержания кислорода в приземном воздухе в контексте их возможного влияния на самочувствие людей.The oxygen content in the atmospheric air of cities, as well as in residential, office and industrial premises is the most important factor in the health and well-being of citizens. With high temperature and high absolute humidity of the surface air, the oxygen content in ambient air is minimal, and people may experience signs of hypoxia. In the industrial southern cities to which the city of Mariupol (Ukraine) belongs, there are additional factors that impede human breathing: higher (relative to the territory surrounding the city) air temperature and pollution of the atmosphere, including carbon monoxide and suspended particles. This results in conditions of abnormal heat and industrial emissions to an increase in the morbidity and mortality of the urban population. Accurate measurements of partial pressure and partial density of oxygen require special equipment and techniques, since the percentage of oxygen in ambient air is large enough, and its changes are relatively small. Most modern instruments used by urban atmospheric monitoring services are focused on measuring significant deviations of oxygen content from the norm. Air quality monitoring services do not usually measure the density of oxygen, apparently due to the implicit assumption of the negligible effect of changes in weather conditions on its content. In addition, the measurement of small changes in the oxygen content in the surface air is a rather complicated technical task. The paper presents an attempt to analytically determine the distribution of oxygen concentrations in the surface layers of the atmosphere around the places of oxygen runoff from the atmosphere at metallurgical enterprises of Mariupol, provides an analytical model based on the theory of "reverse flow" in a one-dimensional formulation of oxygen flow from the surface layer. The corresponding concentration contour lines were obtained at various distances from the oxygen sink sites. At the same time, the oxygen concentration decreases inversely with the distance from the drain, which makes it quite easy to estimate the distribution of concentrations in the surface layer of the atmosphere around the metallurgical enterprises at known coordinates of its drain points in calm weather. The spatial variability and episodes of anomalous oxygen content in the surface air are analyzed in the context of their possible effect on people's well-being

Oral health-related impact profile of patients treated with fixed, removable, and telescopic dental prostheses in student courses — a prospective bicenter clinical trial

Objectives!#!To analyze the oral health-related impact profile in patients treated with three different types of dental prosthesis in student courses.!##!Materials and methods!#!This prospective bicenter clinical trial was conducted with 151 patients being treated with fixed (n = 70), removable (n = 61), or telescopic dental prostheses (n = 20) in clinical student courses of two German universities from October 2018 to October 2019. All patients completed three standardized German versions of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G49/53) before prosthetic treatment (T0), at control after 1 week (T1), and after 3 months (T2), divided into five dimensions: (a) appearance, (b) oral function, (c) psychosocial impact, (d) linguistic limitations, and (e) orofacial pain. Data were analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Wilcoxon signed-rank, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Cronbach's alpha tests.!##!Results!#!Within T0-T1 and T0-T2, greater improvements were determined for removable compared with fixed dental prostheses for the dimensions' oral function (p ≤ 0.014), linguistic limitations (p ≤ 0.016), and appearance (p ≤ 0.003). No significant differences were found between fixed and telescopic dental prostheses (p ≥ 0.104) or between removable (partial dental prosthesis with clasps and complete dental prosthesis) and telescopic dental prostheses (p ≥ 0.100). Within T1-T2, a significant improvement in orofacial pain could be determined (p = 0.007).!##!Conclusions!#!Restorations presented an improvement in oral health-related quality of life. Removable dental prostheses showed better improvement than fixed ones in various dimensions.!##!Clinical relevance!#!Knowledge about the influence of oral health-related quality of life on the three different types of prosthesis used in student courses can be of decisive help in dental consultations

Non-abelian Harmonic Oscillators and Chiral Theories

We show that a large class of physical theories which has been under intensive investigation recently, share the same geometric features in their Hamiltonian formulation. These dynamical systems range from harmonic oscillations to WZW-like models and to the KdV dynamics on $Diff_oS^1$. To the same class belong also the Hamiltonian systems on groups of maps. The common feature of these models are the 'chiral' equations of motion allowing for so-called chiral decomposition of the phase space.Comment: 1

Measuring velocity of sound with nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering

Nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering is used to measure the projected partial phonon density of states of materials. A relationship is derived between the low-energy part of this frequency distribution function and the sound velocity of materials. Our derivation is valid for harmonic solids with Debye-like low-frequency dynamics. This method of sound velocity determination is applied to elemental, composite, and impurity samples which are representative of a wide variety of both crystalline and noncrystalline materials. Advantages and limitations of this method are elucidated

A geometric approach to time evolution operators of Lie quantum systems

Lie systems in Quantum Mechanics are studied from a geometric point of view. In particular, we develop methods to obtain time evolution operators of time-dependent Schrodinger equations of Lie type and we show how these methods explain certain ad hoc methods used in previous papers in order to obtain exact solutions. Finally, several instances of time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonian are solved.Comment: Accepted for publication in the International Journal of Theoretical Physic