Interaction Between Marine Fauna and the Small Pelagic Fishery in the Coastal Environment of the Gulf of California, Mexico

The first steps have been taken to analyze the effects of small pelagic harvests on the Gulf of California ecosystem. The primary goal of this study was to estimate the latitudinal differences in regionalized baselines of endangered and threatened marine species attracted to a purse seine in a Mexican fishery of small pelagic fish. We also analyzed the spatial patterns in fishing effort in the Gulf of California. Seven zones were analyzed in the Gulf of California, including the east and west coasts, and a total of 3,051 fishing sets were analyzed during January 2013 and July 2014; the data provided a comprehensive picture of the distribution of the fishing effort, small pelagic fishes harvested, and the presence of species attracted to the fishing sets. The region in the upper Gulf of California showed a low presence of individuals, and the east coast recorded more sightings than the west coast; consequently the fishing effort was mainly distributed in the east coast. The number of individuals for several species sighted and counted by fishing set was used for each zone in the Gulf of California, and a conservative baseline based on the Pennington estimator was computed. It provided an average value of endangered and threatened marine species attracted to a purse seine for each zone. The Pennington estimator is recommended due to the precision of the confidence intervals and the nature of the uncertainty in the data collection based on sightings

Ahora / Ara

La cinquena edició del microrelatari per l’eradicació de la violència contra les dones de l’Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume I vol ser una declaració d’esperança. Aquest és el moment en el qual les dones (i els homes) hem de fer un pas endavant i eliminar la violència sistèmica contra les dones. Ara és el moment de denunciar el masclisme i els micromasclismes començant a construir una societat més igualitària. Cadascun dels relats del llibre és una denúncia i una declaració que ens encamina cap a un món millor

Millimetre Observations of Maser-Emitting Planetary Nebulae

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Observations in the millimetre bands of maser-emitting planetary nebulae (PNe) are crucial to study their circumstellar molecular gas at the beginning of the PN phase. Maser-emitting PNe are in the earliest phases of PN formation; therefore, these sources are key objects to study the molecular content during the early evolution of PNe. These circumstellar envelopes are active sites for the formation of molecules. We present preliminary results of millimetre observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope towards one PN (IRAS 17393−2727) of a sample of five maser-emitting PNe, where we detect 12CO and 13CO lines in both J=1→0 and J=2→1 transitions.L.U. acknowledges support from the University of Guanajuato (Mexico) grant ID CIIC 164/2022.With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.Peer reviewe

CHARACTERIZATION AND USE OF A CUBAN MINERAL IN ELIM INATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

ABSTRACT: A Cuban mineral was used to evaluate its adsorption capacity of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions. The mineral was characterized by several physicochemical techniques. Both N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm at 77K, fitted with the Brunnauer-Emmet-Teller model, and the results of the average pore distribution revealed that the Cuban mineral used in this study is a mesoporous material. The FTIR spectrum indicated a high content of carbonate species; however, the XPS spectrum also revealed the presence of silicon species on the surface of the adsorbent, which suggests the coexistence both carbonate and silicate species in the raw material. The efficiency for CV removal, the role of the contact time and of the initial concentrations of the adsorbate was evaluated in this study. The adsorption kinetic was fitted with the pseudo second order model. This result indicated that the adsorption mechanism was through chemisorption process between CV and Cuban mineral. The results showed that CV adsorption isotherm was best described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity for CV was 55.63 mg/g. The abundant deposits, low cost and easy access make of mineral SAN1 a good natural adsorbent to treat large volumes of dye polluted waters

Extraction of Alkaloids Using Ultrasound from Pulp and By-Products of Soursop Fruit (Annona muricata L.)

The main goal of this work was to measure the total alkaloid content (TALC) from pulp, peel, seed, and columella of soursop fruit (Annona muricata L.) by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and to obtain the best conditions of the UAE with the response surface methodology (RSM). We evaluated the effect of amplitude (40%, 70%, and 100%), time (5, 10, and 15 min) and pulse-cycles (0.4, 0.7, and 1 s) and compared the best UAE conditions of alkaloids with a conventional extraction (maceration). The structural characterization of the raw material with the highest TALC was developed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques [1H, 13C, heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), and homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY)]. According to the RSM, the best conditions in the UAE for extracting alkaloids varied depending on the type of plant tissue. It took 5 min with an amplitude of 70% and pulse-cycles of 1, 0.4, and 1 s, respectively, to extract the highest TALC in peel, seed, and columella while the optimal conditions for extracting the largest amount of alkaloids from the pulp were obtained at 5 min in UAE with pulse-cycles of 0.55 s and 100% amplitude. The TALC was highest in the peel (7.48 mg/g), which was followed by the seed (2.31 mg/g), the pulp (1.20 mg/g), and the columella (0.79 mg/g) and was positively correlated (R2 = 0.98–0.88) with the predicted values. In addition, the extraction alkaloids from the peel, pulp, seed, and columella using the UAE was 56.31, 5.45, 3.06, and 2.96 times higher, respectively, than the extraction by maceration. The alkaloids identified in the peel have not been reported and were nornuciferin, assimilobin, anonaine, and isolaureline. This study showed that the soursop fruit peel can be a source of alkaloids and that UAE has an important potential for extracting these compounds

Red de articulación institucional y organizacional para gestionar innovaciones en la región de los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México.

In the region of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, a Network for Institutional and Organizational Articulation (Red de Articulación Institucional y Organizacional, RAIO) was formed to improve the relationships of collaboration, cooperation and association between institutions and organizations involved in a proposal of institutional intervention that dealt with the scarce technological innovation in the economic and social development of small-scale hillside farmers, with the agroecologic technology of milpa interspersed with fruit trees (MIAF, for its initials in Spanish), promoted with participatory strategies in order to improve knowledge and comprehension among producers, and to become the basis for innovation in the face of conditions that complicate its transference, such as scarce inter-institutional coordination. Institutions were invited to integrate the RAIO, an essential part of the proposal, generating new levels of relationship among them. With the social network analysis (SNA), relationship structures were compared in two moments, “before the proposal” and “with the proposal”, to identify actors and the ties generated. It is concluded that the RAIO was integrated by eight institutional actors that promoted development and natural resource conservation, structured as a temporary network that strengthened the relationships between actors and generated synergies to improve family production systems, and that the management of innovations for economic and social development of the rural sector in Los Tuxtlas is a complex process socially, institutionally and organizationally.En la región de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz se formó una Red de Articulación Institucional y Organizacional (RAIO) para mejorar relaciones de colaboración, cooperación y asociación entre instituciones y organizaciones involucradas en una propuesta de intervención institucional, que atendió la escasa innovación tecnoló- gica en el desarrollo económico y social de pequeños agricultores de ladera, con la tecnología agroecológica milpa intercalada en árboles frutales (MIAF), promovida con estrategias participativas para fortalecer su conocimiento y comprensión en productores, y ser base para la innovación ante condiciones que dificultan su transferencia, como la escasa coordinación interinstitucional. Se convocó a instituciones para integrar la RAIO, parte fundamental de la propuesta, generando nuevos niveles de relación entre ellas. Con el análisis de redes sociales (ARS) se compararon estructuras relacionales en dos momentos, “antes de la propuesta” y “con la propuesta”, para identificar actores y vínculos generados. Se concluye que la RAIO está integrada por ocho actores institucionales que promueven desarrollo y conservación de recursos naturales, estructurada como red temporal que potenció relaciones entre actores y generó sinergias para mejorar sistemas de producción familiar, y que la gestión de innovaciones para el desarrollo econó- mico y social del sector rural de Los Tuxtlas es un proceso social, institucional y organizacionalmente complejo

The Hidden Burden of Dengue and Chikungunya in Chennai, India

Dengue and chikungunya are rapidly expanding viruses transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. Few epidemiological studies have examined the extent of transmission of these infections in South India despite an increase in the number of reported cases, and a high suitability for transmission.We conducted a household-based seroprevalence survey among 1010 individuals aged 5-40 years living in fifty randomly selected spatial locations in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Participants were asked to provide a venous blood sample and to complete a brief questionnaire with basic demographic and daily activity information. Previous exposure to dengue and chikungunya was determined using IgG indirect ELISA (Panbio) and IgG ELISA (Novatec), respectively. We used this data to estimate key transmission parameters (force of infection and basic reproductive number) and to explore factors associated with seropositivity. While only 1% of participants reported history of dengue and 20% of chikungunya, we found that 93% (95%CI 89-95%) of participants were seropositive to dengue virus, and 44% (95%CI 37-50%) to chikungunya. Age-specific seroprevalence was consistent with long-tem, endemic circulation of dengue and suggestive of epidemic chikungunya transmission. Seropositivity to dengue and chikungunya were significantly correlated, even after adjusting for individual and household factors. We estimate that 23% of the susceptible population gets infected by dengue each year, corresponding to approximately 228,000 infections. This transmission intensity is significantly higher than that estimated in known hyperendemic settings in Southeast Asia and the Americas.These results provide unprecedented insight into the very high transmission potential of dengue and chikungunya in Chennai and underscore the need for enhanced surveillance and control methods