The effect of university campuses on the spatial cultures of two mid-sized towns: A comparative study of Nottingham, UK and Eskisehir, Turkey

This study focuses on the effects that university campuses and the presence of students has had on the growth and economy of two mid-sized cities. It examines the extent to which the existence of university campuses affects their local economies, and attempts to define the contribution of students to urban sustainability. Students are discussed in the context of university cities as examples of 'creative cities', so attractive to urban decision-makers. The university itself is presented as a 'creative industry', an indicator for socio-economically sustainable cities. The research then describes how universities manifest their roles in the public realm in a spatial way. To do so, two case studies are presented, Nottingham (UK) and Eskisehir (Turkey), which are similar in terms of demography and the location of their campuses. The study investigates both the relationship of campus locations with their surrounding areas, and the relationships that students have with their cities and local populations, using historical and contemporary maps, land use surveys, on site observations and questionnaire results about user activities. The research examines the historical development of the university areas in the case-study cities in terms of their spatial structure and social morphology. The campus areas are divided into three categories according to their location in the city: the 'city centre', 'edge of the city' and 'outside of the city'. The locations of student accommodation are also mapped. The main analysis explores the emergent relationships of campuses and student areas to urban centres, using space syntax measures of network accessibility and area users routes. The aim of the study is to better grasp the relationship between campus and city by considering the presence and the distribution of university buildings and students in urban space in historical perspective. It highlights a better understanding of how student populations affect the socio-economic development of cities, can contribute to a better comprehension of the 'creative city' and the 'sustainable city'

Cytokine-dependent and cytokine-independent roles for Mcl-1: genetic evidence for multiple mechanisms by which Mcl-1 promotes survival in primary T lymphocytes

Myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1 (Mcl-1) is a critical anti-apoptotic factor in T lymphocytes. However, in spite of the many pro-apoptotic proteins with proposed binding to Mcl-1, the specific interactions by which Mcl-1 regulates primary T-cell survival under different conditions have not been fully explored. Further, how different trophic cytokines modulate the specific role(s) of Mcl-1 is unknown. Here, we use genetic mouse models to dissect the roles of Mcl-1 in primary T lymphocytes. Using the inducible Mcl-1-floxed estrogen receptor-Cre fusion protein (Mcl-1f/fERCre) deletion system in combination with genetic modification of other B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members, we show that loss of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak) rescues the survival of Mcl-1-deficient T cells in the presence of IL-7. Without IL-7, the survival of Mcl-1-deficient cells cannot be rescued by loss of Bak, but is partially rescued by overexpression of Bcl-2 or loss of Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim). Thus, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 have a shared role, the inhibition of Bim, in promoting T-cell survival during cytokine withdrawal. Finally, we show that other common gamma-chain (γc) cytokines differentially modulate the roles of Mcl-1. IL-15 has effects similar to those of IL-7 in memory T cells and naïve CD8+ cells, but not naïve CD4+ cells. However, IL-4 maintains Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 but also upregulates Bim and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), thus altering the cell's dependence on Mcl-1

Who wants to talk to terrorists?

Interviewing terrorists or former terrorists has become an increasingly popular research method in terrorism studies. What terrorists say can shed light on motivations, decision-making processes and operational details that without first-hand testimony could only be inferred. In this chapter, a selection of these studies is reviewed alongside a consideration of global trends in terrorism and developments in terrorism research

Combined Microwave Fan-Assisted Convection Dehydration of Banana [Musa acuminata Colla (Cavendish Group)]

WOS: 000276849900008The effects of microwave drying, combined fan-assisted convection and microwave drying, and fan-assisted convection drying, thickness of sample and mass load of sample on drying time and drying ratio capacities of banana [Musa acuminata Colla (Cavendish Group)] were compared. The drying data were applied to nine different mathematical models, namely, Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Diffusion Approach, Wang and Singh, Verma, Two-Term Exponential and Midilli-Kucuk Equation Models. The performances of these models were compared between the observed and the predicted moisture ratios based on coefficient of determination (R(2)), standard error of estimate (SEE) and residual sum of squares (RSS). We found that the Midilli-Kucuk model described the drying ratio satisfactorily in all drying methods

Hypoplasminogenaemia, gingival swelling and ulceration

This article reviews the evolution of the history related to an unusual type of generalized gingival swelling we first described in a single adult British patient; then recognized by us and others in small cohorts in Turkey; later found in several countries worldwide. We finally recognized it to represent the oral manifestations of plasminogen deficiency (hypoplasminogenaemia)

Multi-Project Scheduling: Categorization of Heuristic Rules Performance

Application of heuristic solution procedures to the practical problem of project scheduling has previously been studied by numerous researchers. However, there is little consensus about their findings, and the practicing manager is currently at a loss as to which scheduling rule to use. Furthermore, since no categorization process was developed, it is assumed that once a rule is selected it must be used throughout the whole project. This research breaks away from this tradition by providing a categorization process based on two powerful project summary measures. The first measure identifies the location of the peak of total resource requirements and the second measure identifies the rate of utilization of each resource type. The performance of the rules are classified according to values of these two measures, and it is shown that a rule introduced by this research performs significantly better on most categories of projects.project management, research and development

Differential diagnostic dilemma between pulmonary embolism and acute coronary syndrome

WOS: 000378141400017PubMed ID: 27092202Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent life-threatening condition in emergency departments. Careful diagnosis is important, and different diagnostic tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), biochemical markers, echocardiogram, and computed tomography are required. Although ECG is a cheap and rapid diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism, it has some limitations in the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and acute PE. Herein, we report ECG results of a patient diagnosed with acute PE mimicking acute coronary syndrome

ACUTE NECROTISING ULSERATIVE GINGIUITIS

ANUG is the severe inflammatory periodantal disorder caused by plaque bacteria associated with diminished systemic resistance. This type of gingivitis is limited tolesions involving gingival tissue with no loss of periodontal attachment and bone loss. Three specific clinical signs must be present to diagnose ANUG pain necrosis of interdental papillae and bleeding. Development of ANUG is closely associated with spesific predisposing factors immune suppression acute psychologieal stress, smoking, malnutrition, pre-exisiting gingivitis, tissue trauma and AIDS favors the occurance of opportunistic infections. A 39 -year -old female patient with acute gingival lesions was refferd to our clinics at the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Istanbul. The patient used to smoke two packs of cigarettes daily. In the first medical visit she was documented thoroughly and ornidazole (s. 2*2), etodolac (2*1), vifarnth B (2*1), 3% H2O2 (2*1), was prescribed to the patient. At the second and third visits supragigival scaling was perfomed under local anesthesia. Because of show remission of the lesions another prescription wasgiven including amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (2*1), and chlothexidine mouthrinse (2*1) at the fourth visit except of this the patient was referred to the biochemical laboratory for further analysis. At subsequent visits, with short periods, sub and supragingival scaling was continued. The patient was taken to maintanance theraphy and no other clinical signts of inflanmation has been observed. At the final stage of treartment plan the patient was advised to continue her visits periodically. Special attention was given to imform the patient about oral hygiene procedures and adverse effects of smoking