How to make the perfect pancake

We explore the cooking of pancakes using a combination of kitchen experiments and mathematical theory. The properties of a pancake are characterised in terms of a dimensionless geometrical measure of aspect ratio and the baker's ratio that describes the mass ratio of water or milk to flour. The patterns on the top and bottom of pancakes are analysed in a kitchen study and explained in terms of how the vapourised liquid in the batter escapes. We determine the properties of a perfect pancake

Catechol-O-methyltransferase

Peer reviewe

Pengaruh Jumlah Ruas dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Pranajiwa ( (Lesch.) Bentheuchresta Horsfieldii

Studi pengaruh jumlah ruas dan zat pengatur tumbuh terhadap pertumbuhan stek pranajiwa ( (Lesch.) Benth dilaksanakan di Kebun Raya Bali - LIPI, pada bulan Juli sampai Desember 2009. Perlakuannya adalah zat pengatur tumbuh atonik (A ), IAA(A ), rootone-f (A ) dan air matang (A ) yang dikombinasikan dengan jumlah ruas pada stek pucuk yaitu stek satu ruas (B ), stek dua ruas (B ) dan stek tiga ruas (B ). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktoril (RALF) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah hari tumbuh tunas(hst), jumlah stek yang tumbuh, jumlah daun, tinggi tunas, jumlah akar dan panjang akar. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa zat pengatur tumbuh atonik dengan stek pucuk yang beruas tiga (A B ) paling baik digunakan dalam memperbanyak pranajiwa secara vegetative dengan persentase hidup 90 %, pertumbuhan jumlah daun 2, 90 helai, tinggi 0,77cm, panjang akar 3,37 cm dan jumlah akar 9,00cm

Assessing the severity of intraabdominal Infections; the value of APACHE II Scoring System

Intra -abdominal infection continues to defy advances in surgical care with considerable mortality. It is characterized by a spectrum of presentations of varying disease severity. The need to ensure standards for comparing studies and antibiotic trials on intraabdominal infection led to the emergence of several scoring systems. There is paucity of information on this subject in local literature, even though a Nigerian scientist pioneered one of the earliest stratification systems. This is a review of literature on one of the scoring systems that has made an impact in the standardization of intraabdominal sepsis:the APACHE II scoring system. This study will review the genesis, bedside application, uses, limitations and alternatives as a scoring system for intraabdominal infection. Over two decades of use, it is simple and continues to be a reliable indicator of severity of intraabdominal infection

Water Potential in Petanu River Estuary and Model of Water Resources Management for Sustainable Agriculture in Gianyar Regency Bali Province

Water needs in the province of Bali from year to year increase along with the rise of population and tourism activities. A study conducted by the Ministry of Environment (2009) stated that Bali is already experiencing water deficit during the dry seasons since 1995 as many as 1.5 billion m3 / year. To overcome this water deficit issue, it will require researching on the potential water resources in Bali. Along the Petanu River, there are 25 irrigation weirs on a 4475.5 ha of land. Research was carried out in in Saba village, Gianyar Regency, Bali, along The Petanu River up to its estuary. The data collected from the research included primary and secondary data, namely: water quality, water quantity (water volume) in Petanu River estuary, precipitation, climate, and environmental conditions of the Petanu river. The data collected from the research site and the secondary data, the water quality was tested on the reseacrh site and  in the laboratory before it was analyzed. The model used to detect water presence (the water system) along the Petanu River up to its estuary was procesed using a software called RIBASIM (River Basin Simulation). The result showed that there is a potential water source (water volume) on the estuary of the Petanu River estuary during the dry season as much as 6.16 million m3 and during the rainy season as much as 43.79 million m3. Water quality in terms of physics (smell, taste, temperature, color, turbidity and salinity), meet the quality standards of class IV (for irrigation). Based on the simulation results on the RIBASIM software, the water resources in the Petanu River estuary can potentially be managed as irrigation water for horticulture agriculture along the coast of Saba. The potential water sources can be contained by building dams / reservoirs that are placed ± 300 m from the shoreline of Saba village in Gianyar regency. The water management model for the water sources in Petanu River to support sustainable agriculture can be put to use through water and soil conservation by controlling land use and cropping patterns that involve the community using the subak system

On Some Geometric Properties of Slice Regular Functions of a Quaternion Variable

The goal of this paper is to introduce and study some geometric properties of slice regular functions of quaternion variable like univalence, subordination, starlikeness, convexity and spirallikeness in the unit ball. We prove a number of results, among which an Area-type Theorem, Rogosinski inequality, and a Bieberbach-de Branges Theorem for a subclass of slice regular functions. We also discuss some geometric and algebraic interpretations of our results in terms of maps from $\mathbb R^4$ to itself. As a tool for subordination we define a suitable notion of composition of slice regular functions which is of independent interest

PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PRAKARYA DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN BERBASIS POTENSI KEARIFAN LOKAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA SISWA SMK N DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui analisis kebutuhan dalam pengembangan modul prakarya dan kewirausahaan bebasis potensi kearifan lokal pada kelas XI SMK N di Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali; (2) menguji kelayakan modul prakarya dan kewirausahaan berbasis potensi kearifan lokal pada kelas XI SMK N di Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali; (3) menguji efektivitas modul prakarya dan kewirausahaan berbasis potensi kearifan lokal pada kelas XI SMK N di Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali dalam meningkatkan minat berwirausaha siswa. Penelitian dan pengembangan modul prakarya dan kewirausahaan ini mengambil 8 dari 10 tahap pengembangan Borg and Gall yang telah dimodifikasi oleh Sugiyono. Analisis data yang digunakan selama pengembangan adalah analisis deskriptif, analisis kelayakan modul berdasarkan skor kriteria, dan analisis angket minat berwirausaha siswa dengan menggunakan t-test. Berdasarka hasil dari analisis deskriptif dari validator modul prakarya dan kewirausahaan berbasis potensi kearifan lokal memperoleh hasil yaitu: (1) ahli materi pembelajaran sebesar 86,20 dengan kriteria sangat baik; (2) ahli media sebesar 89,82 dengan kriteria sangat baik; (3) ahli bahasa sebesar 100 dengan kriteria sangat baik; (4) ahli praktisi I sebesar 93,89 dengan kriteria sangat baik; (5) ahli praktisi II sebesar 94,45 dengan kriteria sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil uji efektifitas dengan menggunakan softwere SPSS 16 dengan rumus t-test, nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000, nilai signifikansi tersebut kurang dari 0,05 yang berarti H1 diterima, serta nilai thitung sebesar 10,605 > dari ttabel yaitu 1,664 yang berarti kelas kelas eksperimen mengalami peningkatan yang lebih baik dari pada kelas kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul prakarya dan kewirausahaan berbasis potensi kearifan lokal efektif untuk meningkatkan minat berwirausaha siswa. Kata kunci: Pengembangan, modul, kearifan lokal, minat berwirausah

Studi Evaluatif Tentang Kualitas Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Di SMP Negeri 3 Denpasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas pelaksanaan pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 3 Denpasar ditinjau dari variabel konteks, masukan, proses dan produk. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian evaluatif kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas program dengan model CIPP. Jumlah anggota sampel sebanyak 60 orang yang terdiri dari seluruh guru yang ada di SMP Negeri 3 Denpasar. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Skor mentah yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ditransformasikan ke dalam T-skor kemudian diverifikasi ke dalam prototype Glickman.Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa kualitas pelaksanaan pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 3 Denpasar dapat dikategori efektif dilihat dari variabel konteks, input, proses dan produk.Hal ini disebabkan evaluasi CIPP yang digunakan mengacu pada standar proses. Untuk itu disarankan kepada: (1) Kepada Kepala Sekolah diharapkan dapat melakukan pengembangan sumber daya manusia di lingkungan sekolah (2) guru SMP Negeri 3 Denpasar hendaknya selalu meningkatkan kompetensi dan sumber daya yang dimiliki melalui kegiatan pelatihan. Kata kunci: Kualitas, Pembelajaran, Studi Evaluatif Abstrac This research aimed to determine the quality of learning at SMP 3 Denpasar based on context variable, inputs, processes, and product. This research was a quantitative evaluative analysis. This experiment tried to analyze the program effectively using CIPP model. The number of samples that had been used in this research was about 60 people consisted of all teachers at SMP 3 Denpasar. Data was collected with questioners and analyzed by descriptive analysis. Raw score that found out in this research was transformed into T-score and then was verified to Glickman prototype. The analysis results show that the quality of learning process at SMP 3 Denpasar can be categorized as effective that can be seen from process standard, inputs, processes and products. This is as a result of CIPP implementation refers to process standard. It can be suggested for (1) principal of the school to do development in human resources at school environment, (2) SMP 3 teachers should increase the competence and human resources development through training

Novel approaches to model effects of subconjunctival blebs on flow pressure to improve clinical grading systems after glaucoma drainage surgery

Clinical grading systems following glaucoma filtration surgery do not include any effects of the bleb on the intra-ocular pressure and are relatively subjective, therefore carrying the risk of inter and/or intra-observer variability. The main objective of the study is to quantify and model the effect of subconjunctival bleb on flow pressure for assessment of clinical grading following glaucoma surgery. Subconjunctival bleb was created by inserting a tube into ex vivo rabbit eyes via an ab externo approach through the anterior chamber and exiting into the subconjunctival space. Sterile dyed water was injected through the tube into the developing bleb. For the in vitro approach a silicone bleb was created by clamping a circular silicone sheet, injecting dyed water through a fixed resistance outlet tube. Photographic measurements of the bleb height, planform area and pressure were taken as a function of time. Clinical blebs were also collected over a few months. Mathematical algorithm software was used to build the bleb model. Bleb height and volume increase as pressure in the bleb increases. The bleb planform area tended to a constant determined by the section of conjunctiva prior to shunt insertion. These increases were in accordance with the bleb model developed in the Appendix. They show that the pressure in the bleb is related to the resistance of the outflow. The linearity of clinical grading systems is reviewed and a new grading approach is proposed. The pressure in the bleb has a strong dependence on bleb extent, height and a weak dependence on conjunctival thickness. The pressure in a bleb can be estimated from bleb height, radius, and flow rate inlet in agreement with the bleb flow model. These results provide support for an improved bleb categorization system