Perceptions of portuguese family health care teams regarding the expansion of nurses’ scope of practice = Perceções de equipas de saúde familiar portuguesas sobre o alargamento do campo de exercício da enfermagem

Theoretical framework: Expanding primary health care nurses’ scope of practice is a strategy that has been used in various health systems to good advantage. Its feasibility depends on the health professionals’ consensus as to its suitability. Objectives: To find out the perceptions of Portuguese family health care teams regarding the expansion of primary care nurses’ scope of practice. Methodology: Focus groups. Results: The team perception is that citizen expectations, the shortage of nurses and the need for specific training are the main issues to be faced. The teams discussed various roles that the nursing profession could take on in Primary Health Care (PHC) via a work reorganisation included in the regulatory framework. Conclusion: The assignment of wider clinical roles to PHC nurses is not unanimously approved of, since it is perceived by some doctors and nurses as inappropriate and unfair. Some health care teams expressed their willingness to take part in this option, due to its potential contribution to improving the response to care needs not currently being met. Enquadramento: O alargamento do campo de exercício do enfermeiro de cuidados primários tem constituído uma estratégia utilizada em diversos sistemas de saúde com ganhos conhecidos. A sua exequibilidade depende do consenso dos profissionais de saúde sobre a sua adequação. Objetivos: Conhecer as perceções de equipas de saúde familiar portuguesas sobre o alargamento do campo de exercício do enfermeiro de cuidados primários. Metodologia: Grupos focais. Resultados: Na perceção das equipas, as expetativas dos cidadãos, a escassez de enfermeiros e a necessidade de formação específica são os principais problemas a enfrentar. As equipas discutiram vários papéis que a profissão de enfermagem poderia assumir em Cuidados de Saúde Primários (CSP), mediante uma reorganização do trabalho, enquadrada normativamente. Conclusão: A atribuição de papéis clínicos mais vastos ao enfermeiro de CSP não reúne unanimidade, por ser percebida, por alguns médicos e enfermeiros, como desajustada e iníqua. Algumas equipas de saúde manifestaram disponibilidade para aderir a esta opção, face ao seu potencial contributo para melhorar a resposta a necessidades assistenciais atualmente não satisfeitas.publishersversionpublishe

assessment of pd 1 pd l1 colocalization in hepatocellular carcinoma hcc using bright field double labeling and quantitative digital image analysis

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m7824 msb0011359c a bifunctional fusion protein targeting pd l1 and tgf β in patients with post platinum esophageal adenocarcinoma eac preliminary results from a phase i cohort

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m7824 msb0011359c a bifunctional fusion protein targeting pd l1 and tgf β in asian patients with pretreated biliary tract cancer preliminary results from a phase i trial

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Highly chlorinated PCBs inhibit the human xenobiotic response mediated by the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR).

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of persistent organic contaminants suspected to cause adverse effects in wildlife and humans. In rodents, PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and pregnane X receptors (PXR) inducing the expression of catabolic cytochrome p450 enzymes of the CYP1A and 3A families. We found that certain highly chlorinated PCBs are potent activators of rodent PXR but antagonize its human ortholog, the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR), inhibiting target gene induction. Thus, exposure to PCBs may blunt the human xenobiotic response, inhibiting the detoxification of steroids, bioactive dietary compounds, and xenobiotics normally mediated by SXR. The antagonistic PCBs are among the most stable and abundant in human tissues. These findings have important implications for understanding the biologic effects of PCB exposure and the use of animal models to predict the attendant risk

m7824 msb0011359c a bifunctional fusion protein targeting transforming growth factor β tgf β and pd l1 in asian patients with pretreated biliary tract cancer btc efficacy by btc subtype

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Internship workplace preferences of final-year medical students at Zagreb University Medical School, Croatia: all roads lead to Zagreb

BACKGROUND: Human resources management in health often encounters problems related to workforce geographical distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate the internship workplace preferences of final-year medical students and the reasons associated with their choices. METHOD: A total of 204 out of 240 final-year medical students at Zagreb University Medical School, Croatia, were surveyed a few months before graduation. We collected data on each student's background, workplace preference, academic performance and emigration preferences. Logistic regression was used to analyse the factors underlying internship workplace preference, classified into two categories: Zagreb versus other areas. RESULTS: Only 39 respondents (19.1%) wanted to obtain internships outside Zagreb, the Croatian capital. Gender and age were not significantly associated with internship workplace preference. A single predictor variable significantly contributed to the logistic regression model: students who believed they would not get the desired specialty more often chose Zagreb as a preferred internship workplace (odds ratio 0.32, 95% CI 0.12–0.86). CONCLUSION: A strong preference for Zagreb as an internship workplace was recorded. Uncertainty about getting the desired specialty was associated with choosing Zagreb as a workplace, possibly due to more extensive and diverse job opportunities

Activation of Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor (SXR, NR1I2) and Its Orthologs in Laboratory Toxicologic, and Genome Model Species

Background: Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2), commonly known as steroid xenobiotic receptor (SXR) in humans, is a key ligand-dependent transcription factor responsible for the regulation of xenobiotic, steroid, and bile acid metabolism. The ligand-binding domain is principally responsible for species-specific activation of NR1I2 in response to xenobiotic exposure. Objectives: Our objective in this study was to create a common framework for screening NR1I2 orthologs from a variety of model species against environmentally relevant xenobiotics and to evaluate the results in light of using the species as predictors of xenobiotic disposition and for assessment of environmental health risk. Methods: Sixteen chimeric fusion plasmid vectors expressing the Gal4 DNA-binding domain and species-specific NR1I2 ligand-binding domain were screened for activation against a spectrum of 27 xenobiotic compounds using a standardized cotransfection receptor activation assay. Results: NR1I2 orthologs were activated by various ligands in a dose-dependent manner. Closely related species show broadly similar patterns of activation; however, considerable variation to individual compounds exists, even among species varying in only a few amino acid residues. Conclusions: Interspecies variation in NR1I2 activation by various ligands can be screened through the use of in vitro NR1I2 activation assays and should be taken into account when choosing appropriate animal models for assessing environmental health risk

updated results of m7824 msb0011359c a bifunctional fusion protein targeting tgf β and pd l1 in second line 2l nsclc

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Nuclear receptors in vascular biology

Nuclear receptors sense a wide range of steroids and hormones (estrogens, progesterone, androgens, glucocorticoid, and mineralocorticoid), vitamins (A and D), lipid metabolites, carbohydrates, and xenobiotics. In response to these diverse but critically important mediators, nuclear receptors regulate the homeostatic control of lipids, carbohydrate, cholesterol, and xenobiotic drug metabolism, inflammation, cell differentiation and development, including vascular development. The nuclear receptor family is one of the most important groups of signaling molecules in the body and as such represent some of the most important established and emerging clinical and therapeutic targets. This review will highlight some of the recent trends in nuclear receptor biology related to vascular biology