THE ERGONOMICS PROBLEM IN TROTOIR CONSTRUCTION

Trotoir construction has become as one of the priorities of development in every town inBali Province; it is in accordance with the evaluation criteria of successful town development.The functions of trotoir are to provide comfortable and safety path for pedestrians and toprevent the traffic jam. But, unfortunately it has not yet met to the purpose. In relation to theproblem the study had been done to the trotoir condition along the street in Denpasar town. Theresults sowed that in general the trotoir (old and new construction) are not flat, too height, notcontinued, blocked by tree, traffic light pole, or holy building etc. These conditions produceunsafety and uncomfortable for the pedestrians especially to the elderly, handicapped (eye orleg) persons, wheel chair, baby trolley. In some trotoirs the accidents had been happened.Therefore, it is suggested that the trotoir must be constructed flatly, continued, not too height,synchronized with drainage system, street construction, electricity and telephone net work, andtree plantation for the green peace program

THE OBSTACLE IN IMPLEMENTATION OF ERGONOMICS SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM IN ENTERPRISES

Safety and health are the basic rights of the workers and one of the requirement to increased theworker’s productivity. Beside that safety and health constitute requirement for winning freecompetition in the globalization and Asean Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), World TradeOrganization (WTO) and Asia Pacific Economic Community (APEC). So that to followed freetrade competition, safety and health program must be implemented in all working places. Theergonomics, not only increased the healthy and safety of the workers, but also increased theproductivity. If the ergonomics safety and health can be implemented in the enterprises the safetyand health and productivity of the workers will be increased. Although the implementation of theergonomics safety and health principle in the enterprises had been applied and improved thehealthy, safety and productivity of the workers but the implementation in the enterprisesespecially in the small and medium enterprises are still far from expectation. To find out thecauses the observation study had been done during implementation of the ergonomics, safety andhealth program in small and mdium eneterprises in Bali since 1995. There are many obstacleswere found such as: 1) the result of the ergonomics, safety and health implementation still inform of healthy, safety, comfort, efisien and the increases of productivity, but not yet showed inform of money (industrial language); 2) enterprises management took the lower priority to theergonomics, safety and health program in operation of the enterprises; 3) the program of theergonomics safety and health dominan in form of curative action compared with preventive andpromotive; 4) other factors such as less of management and workers knowledge about safety andhealth, limited of capital, less of control and low enforcement of the government. So that theimplementation of the ergonomics safety and health program should be attained the benefit inform of money not only to the workers but also to the enterprises. Control and low enforcementof the governement should be tightening and continued

The improvement of work posture using rapid upper limb assessment: analysis to decrease subjective disorders of strawberry farmers in Bali

The workload was predicted based on work pulse that was measured using 10 beats method on the radial artery with a stopwatch. The indication of subjective disorders was measured based on the farmers’ general fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders before and after work. General fatigue was measured using 30 Items Self-Rating Questionnaire Industrial Fatigue Research Committee from Japan Association of Industrial Health, while musculoskeletal disorders were measured using NIOSH Nordic Body Map Subjective Filling. Environment temperature was measured using sling Psychrometer. The noise was measured using Gossen’s sound level meter. Statistical analysis to find out the mean difference of the data before and after work was analyzed using t-Paired test with significance level of 5%. RULA result recommended changing from bending work posture using the old tool into standing work posture using new hole maker

IMPROVEMENT OF WORK QUALITY BY APPLYING ERGONOMIC APPROACH INCREASES PERFORMANCE OF TRADITIONAL PORTERS IN BADUNG MARKET DENPASAR

Female traditional porters work every evening at Badung market from 7 pm to3.30 am. Age interval of the porters is 18 – 40 years. The weight of goods carried by asingle porter is 60 – 100 kilograms plus 1-2 kilograms of the basket’s weight, carriedon the head. The distance of each porting activity is 100 meters. From ergonomicconcept, the burden is excessive and may cause injuries such as damage ofintervertebral discs, pain, excessive fatigue and head and neck muscles disorder. Thesymptoms are more obviously seen in those over 40 years old for most of them are notvery capable of working, even some of them need medical treatment. To overcome thisnon-ergonomic work condition, a work quality improvement was carried out to 11sampled porters, including work position, method, carrying weight and equipmentdesign in order to improve the unnatural work position and to give chance to them tohave an active rest as well as to alter the static work system to be more dynamic.Results of this study were: (1) average of pressure force on L5/S1 before improvementwas 7,967.65 ± 66.78 N and after improvement was 2,983.26 ± 16.63 N; (2) average ofmusculoskeletal complaints before improvement was 61.07 ± 0.72 and afterimprovement was 42.76 ± 1.21; (3) fatigue average before improvement was 77.44 ±3.93 and after improvement was 50.36 ± 2.21; (4) pulse rate average beforeimprovement was 150.61 ± 1.06 pulses/minute and after improvement was 119.51 ±1.39 pulses/minute; and (5) average productivity before improvement was 1.78 x 10-2 ±0.01 x 10-2 and after improvement was 2.24 x 10-2 ± 0.03 x 10-2. The results analysisshowed that improvement of work quality by applying ergonomic approach coulddecrease the pressure force on L5/S1 of 60.94 % (p<0.05), musculoskeletal complaintsof 29.99 % (p<0.05), level of fatigue by 34.97 % (p<0.05) and work load by 42.59 %(p<0.05), as well as could increase the work productivity to 26.04 % (p<0.05).Therefore, it is conclused that the improvement of work quality by applying ergonomicapproach increases performance of traditional porters

Access to personal hygiene improves the quality of life at elderly hostels

The awareness of someone’s ability to maintain and to keep life has become better; hence having a longer life expectation became a grace and a pride. It is estimated that life expectancy figures maximally up to 125 years. The increase in people’s awareness of maintaining and sustaining life, in order to get a better quality of life, results in a higher life expectancy. Aging is a natural and spontaneous process started from the childhood, puberty, young adults, and then declines in the middle to seniors (elderly). The prosperity of the elderly people, whom due to their physical or mental condition no longer possible role in development, needs special attention from the government and society. This research was conducted in a nursing home (home service). The nursing home as a place where the elderly live needs to adjust and redesign their bathroom. This effort is done by considering that the ability of the elderly’s motor movement has tremendously declined; it is caused by the decrease in their motor sensor capacity. The elderly should get attention, particularly on meeting their needs on personal hygiene

THE ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION ON PREPARING THE OFFERINGS FOR PRANAWA CREMATION CEREMONY IMPROVES THE WORKER’S EFFICIENCY AT DENPASAR CITY

Pitra yadnya is the the ceremonies as a holy sacrifice performed by Hindu followers as a manifestation of devotion to parents who have died. So everyone who believe on Hinduism, especially, in Bali will perform cremation ceremonies which called ngaben. In this ceremony required some form of offerings and it is quite a lot. During process of making the offerings involved many people. In the process of making cremation offerings involving physical and mental activity, in an integrated manner can cause fatigue. that fatigue usually occurs at the end of working hours caused by various factors, such as monotony, static muscle work, tools and working facilities that do not fit the worker’s anthropometry, work station that is not ergonomically sound, forced attitude and work-break timing is not right , and muscle complaints; therefore, it is needed ergonomic intervention.There are four issues: 1) Is ergonomic intervention while preparing the offerings for ngaben pranawa improves the efficiency of the worker seen from the decrease of fatigue? 2 ) Is ergonomic intervention while preparing the offerings for ngaben pranawa improves the efficiency of worker seen from the decrease in musculoskeletal complaints? 3) Is ergonomic intervention while preparing the offerings for ngaben pranawa improves efficiency of worker seen from the decrease in the workload? 4) Is ergonomic intervention while preparing the offerings for ngaben pranawa improves efficiency of worker seen from productivity? A study with the same subject design was carried out on 18 person adult female Balinese. In the first period of study the subject preparing the offerings with the existing working condition, while in the second period an ergonomic intervention was introduced, using tables and working chairs, and guidance book in preparing the same offerings. Based on the results of research and discussion, the following conclusions can be drawn. 1) Ergonomics intervention in the process of making offerings for ngaben pranawa improved work efficiency seen from the decreased in fatigue, that is equal to 36.24% (p &lt;0.005). 2) Decrease musculoskeletal complaints, amounting to 37.98% (p &lt;0.005). 3) Decreased the workload. that is equal to 13.22% (p &lt;0.005), and 4) Increased work efficiency viewed from the offering makers productivity, namely by 78% (p &lt;0.005). Ergonomic interventions proven to reduce fatigue, musculoskeletal complaints decreased workload, and can increased work productivity. Therefore, it is advisable to apply the ergonomic intervention at the cremation offerings and another religious ceremonies. Benefit of ergonomics intervention in this study was the participation and collaboration, a commitment from all parties, and the interaction between the participant of making offerings, and ergonomics intervention can improve efficiency in the process of making offerings for cremate ceremonyin Denpasar city.</p

PELATIHAN PEREGANGAN STATIS LEBIH MENINGKATKAN KELENTUKAN DARI PADA PELATIHAN PEREGANGAN DINAMIS PADA SMA NEGERI KUPANG TIMUR

Human exercise aims to improve physical fitness. Physical fitness need to be trained and maintained by training the physical condition of the human element. One element is the physical condition of flexibility. Several factors affect the body's flexibility is muscle, tendon, ligament, and joint structure type, age, sex, body temperature and muscle temperature, body weight and height and genetics. Flexibility can be enhanced by using one of four methods namely method of dynamic stretching, static, passive and Neuromuccular Proprioceptive Facilitation (PNF). This study aims to determine the increase in torso flexibility using dynamic stretching and static stretching methods. The study design was a pretest - posttest control group design to high school students in Kupang district. Large sample of 28 people divided into 2 batches each group totaled 14 people. Each group was asked to perform stretching exercises the same type by using two different methods namely dynamic and static stretching methods. The results were tested by the Normality Test Shapiro Wilk Test showed that the value of p&gt; 0.05 so that the two groups are stretching normal distribution. Homogeneity test with Test of homogeneity of variance showed that the value of p&gt; 0.05, then Ho is accepted. So both the stretching group had the same variant or homogeneous. Increased flexibility test with Paired Sample T Test showed that the value of P &lt;0,05. Means the average of the data flexibility after training in both groups significantly different or significantly. T-indpendent test showed p values??&gt; 0.05, whereas after pepelatihan has a p-value &lt;0.05. This shows the average increase flexibility before and after treatment in both groups was significantly different. The conclusion of this study that further enhance the training of static stretching on torso flexibility of dynamic stretching training in high school student Kupang. It is recommended to increase the flexibility of the coaches, PE teachers and sportsmen using static stretching exercises, or by combining both the stretch.</p

The improvement of work posture using rapid upper limb assessment: analysis to decrease subjective disorders of strawberry farmers in Bali

The workload was predicted based on work pulse that was measured using 10 beats method on the radial artery with a stopwatch. The indication of subjective disorders was measured based on the farmers’ general fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders before and after work. General fatigue was measured using 30 Items Self-Rating Questionnaire Industrial Fatigue Research Committee from Japan Association of Industrial Health, while musculoskeletal disorders were measured using NIOSH Nordic Body Map Subjective Filling. Environment temperature was measured using sling Psychrometer. The noise was measured using Gossen’s sound level meter. Statistical analysis to find out the mean difference of the data before and after work was analyzed using t-Paired test with significance level of 5%. RULA result recommended changing from bending work posture using the old tool into standing work posture using new hole maker

The improvement of work posture using rapid upper limb assessment: analysis to decrease subjective disorders of strawberry farmers in Bali

The workload was predicted based on work pulse that was measured using 10 beats method on the radial artery with a stopwatch. The indication of subjective disorders was measured based on the farmers’ general fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders before and after work. General fatigue was measured using 30 Items Self-Rating Questionnaire Industrial Fatigue Research Committee from Japan Association of Industrial Health, while musculoskeletal disorders were measured using NIOSH Nordic Body Map Subjective Filling. Environment temperature was measured using sling Psychrometer. The noise was measured using Gossen’s sound level meter. Statistical analysis to find out the mean difference of the data before and after work was analyzed using t-Paired test with significance level of 5%. RULA result recommended changing from bending work posture using the old tool into standing work posture using new hole maker