Caracterização molecular e controle de fungos da família botryosphaeriaceae associados à fruteiras tropicais.

A família Botryosphaeriaceae (Ascomycota, Botryosphaeriales) é composta por complexos de espécies crípticas endofíticas e patogênicas capazes de provocar sintomas de cancros e morte descendente de ramos a diversos hospedeiros, sobretudo plantas lenhosas, dentre as fruteiras tropicais se destacam. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo realizar a caracterização biológica, molecular e o controle de isolados fúngicos família Botryosphaeriaceae associados a fruteiras tropicais no Nordeste brasileiro. Dentre as técnicas utilizadas estão: o sequenciamento gênico combinado das regiões do espaçador interno transcristo (ITS) do DNA ribossômico, fator de elongação 1-alfa (TEF-1?) e ?-tubulina (?t) para a determinação das relações filogenéticas entre os isolados, dados de caracteres morfofisiológicos e patógenico, bem como a avaliação dos métodos de controle químico e genético das espécies identificadas. Diante da caracterização molecular foi possível a identificação de seis espécies do complexo Lasiodiplodia, dentre as quais duas novas espécies, duas espécies de Neofusicoccum, uma de Pseudofusicocuum e uma de Neoscytalidium associadas a diversas fruteiras tropicais. Dentre essas espécies e seus respectivos hospedeiros estão: Lasiodiplodia brasiliense (Manilkara zapota, Mangifera indica e Spondias purpurea), L. caatinguensis sp. nov (Anarcadium occidentale, S. purpurea, S. mombin e Citrus sinensis), L. euphorbicola (Annona muricata e Cocos nucifera), L. theobromae (S. purpurea, Talisia esculenta e A. occidentale), L. pontae sp. nov (S. purpurea e A. occidentale), L pseudotheobromae (S. purpurea, Tamarindus indica e A. occidentale), Neofusicoccum brasiliense (Psidium guajava), Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense (A. occidentale), Neoscytalidium hyalinum (A. occidentale, M. indica) e Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum (A. occidentale). Através da caracterização morfológica dos isolados, percebeu-se grandes semelhanças morfofisiológicas entre os isolados, notando-se variações em taxa de crescimento quando submetidos a diferentes meios de cultura e temperaturas de incubação. Em geral, os isolados apresentaram abundante crescimento micelial, de coloração inicialmente esbranquiçada se tornando escura com a idade. Quanto à patogenicidade, todos os isolados de Botryosphaeriaceae foram patogênicos a frutos de manga, aos diferentes genótipos de cajueiro e as plantas jovens de umbu-cajá. Todas as espécies de Lasiodiplodia foram patogênicas a plantas jovens de gravioleira. No entanto, a agressividade dos isolados variou quanto à espécie e ao hospedeiro, sendo as espécie de Lasiodiplodia as mais agressivas. No que concerne às medidas de controle genético e químico, respectivamente: o genótipo BRS253 foi o mais susceptível as espécies, seguido do CCP76, BRS189 e BRS226 que não diferiram entre si. Os demais genótipos foram moderadamente resistentes, com destaque para BRS274 e Embrapa 51, nos quais as espécies não diferiram em virulência; os fungicidas tebuconazole e carbendazininibiram o crescimento in vitro das espécies, não obstante o carbendazin tenha se mostrado mais eficiente.Tese (Doutorado em em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza. Orientador: José Emilson Cardoso. Coorientadores: Francisco Oliveira das Chagas Freire, Cristiano Souza Lim

Would the Brazilian population support the alcohol policies recommended by the World Health Organization?

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the support of the Brazilian population to the alcohol-policies proposed by the World Health Organization to decrease alcohol harm (specifically: to decrease alcohol availability and advertising, and to increase pricing). In addition, we evaluated the factors associated with being against those policies. METHODS Data from 16,273 Brazilians, aged 12–65 years, interviewed in the 3rd Brazilian Household Survey on Substance Use (BHSU-3) were analyzed. The BHSU-3 is a nationwide, probability survey conducted in 2015. Individuals were asked if they would be against, neutral, or in favor of seven alcohol policies grouped as: 1) Strengthen restrictions on alcohol availability; 2) Enforce bans or restrictions on alcohol advertising, sponsorship, and promotion; and 3) Raise prices on alcohol through excise taxes and pricing. Generalized linear models were fitted to evaluate factors associated with being against each one of those policies and against all of policies. RESULTS Overall, 28% of the Brazilians supported all the above mentioned policies, whereas 16% were against them. The highest rate of approval refers to restricting advertising (53%), the lowest refers to increasing prices (40%). Factors associated with being against all policies were: being male (AOR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.0–1.3), not having a religion (AOR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.1–1.8), being catholic (AOR = 1.3; 95%CI: 1.1–1.5), and alcohol dependence (AOR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.4). CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian government could count on the support of most of the population to restrict alcohol advertising. This information is essential to tackle the lobby of the alcohol industry and its clever marketing strategy

Toward an understanding of the aqueous solubility of amino acids in the presence of salts : a molecular dynamics simulation study

Ion-specific effects on the aqueous solubilities of biomolecules are relevant in many areas of biochemistry and life sciences. However, a general and well-supported molecular picture of the phenomena has not yet been established. In order to contribute to the understanding of the molecular-level interactions governing the behavior of biocompounds in aqueous saline environments, classical molecular dynamics simulations were performed for aqueous solutions of four amino acids (alanine, valine, isoleucine, and 2-aminodecanoic acid), taken as model systems, in the presence of a series of inorganic salts. The MD results reported here provide support for a molecular picture of the salting-in/salting-out mechanism based on the presence/absence of interactions between the anions and the nonpolar moieties of the amino acids. These results are in good qualitative agreement with experimental solubilities and allow for a theoretical interpretation of the available data

An unusual acute myeloid leukemia associated with hyper IgE: another case of AML‐M5c?

Haematologica. 2001 Feb;86(2):216-7. An unusual acute myeloid leukemia associated with hyper IgE: another case of AML-M5c? Lima M, Orfão A, Coutinho J, Ferreira G, Freitas I, Silvestre F, Justiça B. PMID: 11224498 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE

Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae in Madagascar

An account of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) for the Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (Paris) has recently been completed and submitted for publication (Sales and Hedge 2004). The flora account deals with 15 genera and 31 species in the subfamilies Hydrocotyloideae, Saniculoideae and Apioideae; some of the species are globally widespread and/or doubtfully native. Five new species will be described in Peucedanum (2), Phellolophium (1) and Pimpinella (2). Here, we concentrate on subfam. Apioideae, draw attention to some features of special interest and provide a checklist of the native 11 genera and 20 species currently known to occur in Madagascar

Investigation of the long-term sustainability of changes in appetite after weight loss

Background/Objective Diet-induced weight loss (WL) leads to a compensatory increase in appetite and changes in the plasma concentration of appetite-regulating hormones are likely to play a role. Whether these changes are transient or sustained remains unclear. This study aimed to assess if changes in subjective and objective appetite markers observed with WL are sustained after 1 year (1Y).Subjects/Methods In total 100 (45 males) individuals with obesity (BMI: 37 +/- 4 kg/m(2), age: 43 +/- 10 years) underwent 8 weeks (wks) of a very-low energy diet (VLED), followed by 4 wks refeeding, and a 1Y maintenance program. Fasting/postprandial subjective ratings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption (PFC) were assessed, and plasma concentration of active ghrelin (AG), total peptide YY (PYY), active glucagon-like peptide 1, cholecystokinin (CCK), and insulin measured, at baseline, week 13 (Wk13) and 1Y.Results At Wk13, 16% WL (-18 +/- 1 kg, P < 0.001) was associated with a significant increase in fasting and postprandial hunger ratings (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), and postprandial fullness (P < 0.01) combined with a reduction in PFC (P < 0.001). These were accompanied by a significant rise in basal and postprandial AG concentrations (P < 0.001, for both), a reduction in postprandial CCK (P < 0.01) and in basal and postprandial insulin (P < 0.001). At 1Y follow-up, with sustained WL (15%; -16 +/- 1 kg, P < 0.001), fasting hunger and postprandial fullness ratings remained increased (P < 0.05 for both), and postprandial PFC reduced (P < 0.001). Basal and postprandial AG remained elevated and insulin reduced (P < 0.001, for all), while postprandial CCK was increased (P < 0.01) and PYY decreased (P < 0.001).Conclusion With a 15% sustained WL at 1Y, the drive to eat in the fasting state is increased, but this may be balanced out by raised postprandial feelings of fullness. To assist with WL maintenance, new strategies are required to manage increased hunger and drive to eat

Analytical successional tools of fouling communities submitted to different light effects

The present study uses transition matrices to compare successional processes (colonization, disturbance, persistence and replacement) of fouling communities submitted to different light effects on Cabo Frio Island, a seasonal upwelling region. Twelve functional groups were identified, and differences in the transition probabilities shown by the matrices suggest a preference for the replacement property of functional groups, which indicates the facilitation successional mechanism. The probability of colonization of these groups differed according to the direction of the substrate, which caused a negative effect of light reduction on algae with a greater probability of disturbance (sensu species replacement), which is typical of a more stressful environment. Species of the same functional group replace each other through competition and herbivory, which promotes the distinction between earlier and later groups on the successional process. Successional trajectories evaluated through global transition matrices change at each time step because they depend on the species turnover rate, and therefore, they are informative of the changing processes of the community. The probabilistic rate of changes related to successional processes may be used to evaluate future conditions of fouling communities, and the deterministic components and stochastic elements will render these communities self-organizable

Controlling a resonant transmission across the δ′\delta'-potential: the inverse problem

Recently, the non-zero transmission of a quantum particle through the one-dimensional singular potential given in the form of the derivative of Dirac's delta function, $\lambda \delta'(x)$, with $\lambda \in \R$, being a potential strength constant, has been discussed by several authors. The transmission occurs at certain discrete values of $\lambda$ forming a resonance set ${\lambda_n}_{n=1}^\infty$. For $\lambda \notin {\lambda_n}_{n=1}^\infty$ this potential has been shown to be a perfectly reflecting wall. However, this resonant transmission takes place only in the case when the regularization of the distribution $\delta'(x)$ is constructed in a specific way. Otherwise, the $\delta'$-potential is fully non-transparent. Moreover, when the transmission is non-zero, the structure of a resonant set depends on a regularizing sequence $\Delta'_\varepsilon(x)$ that tends to $\delta'(x)$ in the sense of distributions as $\varepsilon \to 0$. Therefore, from a practical point of view, it would be interesting to have an inverse solution, i.e. for a given $\bar{\lambda} \in \R$ to construct such a regularizing sequence $\Delta'_\varepsilon(x)$ that the $\delta'$-potential at this value is transparent. If such a procedure is possible, then this value $\bar{\lambda}$ has to belong to a corresponding resonance set. The present paper is devoted to solving this problem and, as a result, the family of regularizing sequences is constructed by tuning adjustable parameters in the equations that provide a resonance transmission across the $\delta'$-potential.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures. Corrections to the published version added; http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/44/37/37530

Zoneamento agroclimático para oliveira no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

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