The role of highly oxygenated organic molecules in the Boreal aerosol-cloud-climate system

Over Boreal regions, monoterpenes emitted from the forest are the main precursors for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and the primary driver of the growth of new aerosol particles to climatically important cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Autoxidation of monoterpenes leads to rapid formation of Highly Oxygenated organic Molecules (HOM). We have developed the first model with near-explicit representation of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) and HOM formation. The model can reproduce the observed NPF, HOM gas-phase composition and SOA formation over the Boreal forest. During the spring, HOM SOA formation increases the CCN concentration by similar to 10 % and causes a direct aerosol radiative forcing of -0.10 W/m(2). In contrast, NPF reduces the number of CCN at updraft velocities <0.2 m/s, and causes a direct aerosol radiative forcing of +0.15 W/m(2). Hence, while HOM SOA contributes to climate cooling, NPF can result in climate warming over the Boreal forest.Peer reviewe

Kotiharjoittelulla työkykyä : pilottitutkimus yksilöllisen kotiharjoitteluohjelman vaikutuksesta koettuun työkykyyn

Tutkimuksellisen opinnäytetyömme tarkoituksena oli kokeilla yksilöllisen tuki- ja liikuntaelinvaivoja ennaltaehkäisevän ja kuntouttavan harjoitusohjelman soveltuvuutta yksilön työkyvyn ylläpitoon ja mahdollisesti työkyvyn parantamiseen. Opinnäytetyömme toteutimme eteläsuomalaisen työvoimatoimiston aluetoimistoon kuuden hengen henkilökunnalle. Opinnäytetyömme aihe kehitettiin tiiviissä yhteistyössä työvoimatoimiston henkilökunnan kanssa. Halusimme tutustua kunnolla työvoimatoimiston henkilökunnan mahdollisiin tuki- ja liikuntaelinvaivoihin ja heidän valmiuteensa toteuttaa harjoitteluohjelmaa. Keskustelujen jälkeen päädyimme ehdottamaan heille 16 viikon harjoittelujaksoa lihaskunto- ja liikkuvuusharjoitteita sisältävällä harjoitteluohjelmalla. Ennen harjoittelujaksoa teimme lihaskunto- ja liikkuvuuskartoituksen sekä henkilökohtaiset haastattelut liikuntatottumuksista, tuki- ja liikuntaelinvaivoista ja työntekijän omakohtaisesta näkemyksestä omasta työkyvystään. Muutaman viikon kuluttua harjoitusjakson aloituksesta kävimme kartoittamassa liikkeiden oikein suorituksen. Lihaskunto- ja liikkuvuuskartoitus toteutettiin uudelleen harjoittelujakson päätyttyä. Harjoittelujakson kanssa päällekkäin osuneet kesälomat sekä toimiston työtilojen muutto uusiin tiloihin vähensivät pilottitutkimukseen osallistuneiden työntekijöiden harjoittelumotivaatiota. Yksikään osallistuja ei ollut noudattanut harjoitteluohjelmaa, eikä huomattavaa vaikutusta koettuun työkykyyn ollut havaittavissa. Korkein harjoittelumotivaatio säilyi osallistujilla, joilla nykyinen TULE- vaiva vaikutti eniten koettuun työkykyyn.The purpose of this investigational thesis work was to test if an individualized, musculoskeletal-problem preventing and rehabilitating exercise program is effective in maintaining and possibly even improving an individual’s work ability. The research was conducted for an employment office in Southern Finland and their staff of six people. The topic of our thesis work was developed in close cooperation with the employment office staff. The aim was to thoroughly look into the staff members’ possible musculoskeletal problems as well as their ability to carry out the exercise program. After discussions, we proposed them an exercise period of 16 weeks consisting of muscular fitness and mobility training. Prior to the exercise period, the participants’ muscular fitness and mobility were tested, and the participants were individually interviewed concerning their physical exercise habits, musculoskeletal problems, and personal views of their own work ability. A few weeks after initiation of the exercise period, we observed that the participants were performing the movements correctly. Muscular fitness and mobility were tested a second time after completion of the exercise period. The participants’ exercise motivation was decreased due to summer holidays and a move of the office to new premises coinciding with the exercise period. No participant had followed the exercise program, and no effect on the subjects’ self-assessed work ability could be observed. Those participants who had a musculoskeletal problem affecting their work ability maintained the highest exercise motivation

Real-Time Bioimpedance-Based Biopsy Needle Can Identify Tissue Type with High Spatial Accuracy

Histological analysis is meaningful in diagnosis only if the targeted tissue is obtained in the biopsy. Often, physicians have to take a tissue sample without accurate information about the location of the instrument tip. A novel biopsy needle with bioimpedance-based tissue identification has been developed to provide data for the automatic classification of the tissue type at the tip of the needle. The aim of this study was to examine the resolution of this identification method and to assess how tissue heterogeneities affect the measurement and tissue classification. Finite element method simulations of bioimpedance measurements were performed using a 3D model. In vivo data of a porcine model were gathered with a moving needle from fat, muscle, blood, liver, and spleen, and a tissue classifier was created and tested based on the gathered data. Simulations showed that very small targets were detectable, and targets of 2 texttimes 2 texttimes 2 mm3 and larger were correctly measurable. Based on the in vivo data, the performance of the tissue classifier was high. The total accuracy of classifying different tissues was approximately 94%. Our results indicate that local bioimpedance-based tissue classification is feasible in vivo, and thus the method provides high potential to improve clinical biopsy procedures.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Pikastartti digialaan : Liiketoimintaa digitaalisista tuotteista ja palveluista

Digiala tarjoaa yritykselle lukemattomia mahdollisuuksia, mutta myös paljon haasteita. Tämän oppaan tarkoituksena on antaa tietoa ja vinkkejä, jotka auttavat matkalla digibusinekseen

Reverse Innovation Improving Community Engagement through Active Pedagogy in Tanzania: Case TUDARCo

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are significant operators in societies. Education is their main product and through learning, HEIs influence communities. The curriculum is the statement of pedagogical thinking, which presents not only the content of studies but also how they are taught in the institution. From the perspective of community development, teaching methods are significant. The teacher centred approach highlights the role of the teacher, whereas active teaching methods focus on students who are active operators and learners. The project IRIS aimed at developing an active pedagogy model for TUDARCo, Tumaini University Dar es Salaam College, and improving the role of the HEI among the community. IRIS relied on the concept of reverse innovation that enables community members' participation in innovation, learning and developing processes along with HEI’s students and teachers. This paper draws together the development of the active innovation pedagogy model FinTan. The model is based on the premise that HEIs are linked with communities and learning is an interactive and collaborative process, in which students and locals find solutions to recognized problems. Teachers’ role is to guide, support and enable the active learning process. In addition to reverse innovation, the paper presents the theory of change that IRIS leaned on