Predicting the Probability of Observation of Arbitrary Graphene Oxide Nanoflakes Using Artificial Neural Networks

Although it has been well established that the stability and properties of graphene oxide nanostructure are strongly influenced by the concentration, type, and distribution of oxygen groups on the surface, there has yet to be a definitive way of predicting the thermochemical stability in advance of detailed and time-consuming experimentation or simulation. In this study, a data set of over 60 000 unique graphene oxide nanoflakes and supervised machine learning methods are used to predict the probability of observation (stability) with perfect accuracy, based on a limited set of structural features that can be controlled in advance. A decision tree is used to show how the features determine the stability, and a neural network provides an equation to predict the thermodynamic stability of virtually any configuration in minutes. This enables researchers to use machine learning as research planning tool or to assist in analyzing results from microanalysis.Computational resources for this project were supplied by the National Computing Infrastructure (NCI) national facility under partner Grant p00. Open access publishing facilitated by Australian National University, as part of the Wiley - Australian National University agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians

Indium Tin Oxide film characterization using the classical Hall effect

We have used the classical Hall effect to electrically characterize Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) films grown by two different techniques on silica substrates. ITO films have the unique property that they can be both electrically conducting (and to be used for a gate electrode for example) as well as optically transparent (at least in the visible part of the spectrum). In the near infrared (NIR) the transmission typically reduces. However, the light absorption can in principle be compensated by growing thinner films.Comment: 2 pages Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials & Devices (COMMAD), 2014 Conferenc

Identification of Specific Circular RNA Expression Patterns and MicroRNA Interaction Networks in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate mRNA translation by binding to microRNAs (miRNAs), and their expression is altered in diverse disorders, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Here, we compare circRNA expression patterns in the temporal cortex and hippocampus of patients with pharmacoresistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and healthy controls. Nine circRNAs showed significant differential expression, including circRNA-HOMER1, which is expressed in synapses. Further, we identified miRNA binding sites within the sequences of differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs; expression levels of mRNAs correlated with changes in complementary miRNAs. Gene set enrichment analysis of mRNA targets revealed functions in heterocyclic compound binding, regulation of transcription, and signal transduction, which maintain the structure and function of hippocampal neurons. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction networks illuminate the molecular changes in MTLE, which may be pathogenic or an effect of the disease or treatments and suggests that DE circRNAs and associated miRNAs may be novel therapeutic target

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

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TiO2 nanoparticles-functionalized two-dimensional WO3 for high-performance supercapacitors developed by facile two-step ALD process

TiO2 nanoparticles-functionalized two-dimensional (2D) WO3 (TiO2NP-WO3) films fabricated by the facile two-step atomic layer deposition (ALD) process with following post-annealing at 380 degrees C were investigated as electrode material for supercapacitors. The surface functionalization of 2D WO3 electrode by TiO2 nanoparticles significantly enhanced the specific capacitance by similar to 1.5 times over the pure 2D WO3 electrode. Transition of electric double-layer capacitive behavior to the pseudo-capacitive behavior was also observed. Besides, the TiO2NP-WO3 electrode exhibited faster charge transfer than the pure 2D WO3 electrodes, due to the conduction modulation from the development of TiO2-WO3 heterojunctions. The decoration of TiO2 nanoparticles on 2D WO3 electrodes by this two-step ALD process with the following post-annealing has been solidly proven to a facile and effective method to enhance supercapacitor performances along with advantage of ALD technique for fabrication of large-scale, ultrathin films over other conventional methods. The fabrication strategy of the 2D TiO2NP-WO3 electrodes presented in this work may open a new pathway for the design and functionalization of the other 2D nanomaterials for the energy conversion and storage devices