Human Thermal Comfort

The purpose of this research is to investigate human comfort criteria under steady-state conditions as a function of ambient air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, level of activity, and clothing insulation. Since the current ASHRAE Standard 55-1994 is for sedentary activity, this study will consider relative humidity (20% to 65%), dry bulb temperature (73 oF to 82 oF), air velocity (30 fpm and 50 fpm), and sedentary-to-moderate activity. The mean radiant temperature will be taken to be the same as the ambient air temperature. The experimental results collected at the Kansas State University Environmental Test Chamber are compared with the Fanger (1982) thermal comfort model and with ASHRAE Standard 55-1994. The experimental study results agreed well with ASHARE Standard 55-1994 for 1-met activity level (sedentary), and the thermal comfort for 1-met activity level was predicted with reasonable accuracy by Fanger?s (1982) Model. For 2.3 met activity level, the experimental results did not agree with ASHRAE Standard 55-1994 or the Fanger Model predictions

Regularity of multipliers and optimal solutions in second-order optimality conditions for semilinear parabolic optimal control problems

A class of optimal control problems governed by semilinear parabolic equations with mixed pointwise are considered. We give some criteria under which Lagrange multipliers belong to $L^p$-spaces. We then establish first and second-order optimality conditions of KKT-type for the problem. Moreover, we show that if the initial value is good enough and boundary $\partial\Omega$ has a property of positive geometric density, then multipliers and optimal solutions are H\"{o}lder continuous

Regularity of multipliers and second-order optimality conditions of KKT-type for semilinear parabolic control problems

A class of optimal control problems governed by semilinear parabolic equations with mixed constraints and a box constraint for control variable is considered. We show that if the separation condition is satisfied, then both optimality conditions of KKT-type and regularity of multipliers are fulfilled. Moreover, we show that if the initial value is good enough and boundary $\partial\Omega$ has a property of positive geometric density, then multipliers and optimal solutions are H\"{o}lder continuous.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2306.1029

A Simple Linear Time Algorithm for Computing a 1-Median on Cactus Graphs

We address the problem of finding a 1-median on a cactus graph. The problem has already been solved in linear time by the algorithms of Burkard and Krarup (1998), and Lan and Wang (2000). These algorithms are complicated and need efforts. Hence, we develop in this paper a simpler algorithm. First, we construct a condition for a cycle that contains a 1-median or for a vertex that is indeed a 1-median of the cactus. Based on this condition, we localize the search for deriving a 1-median on the underlying cactus. Complexity analysis shows that the approach runs in linear time

Applying convolutional neural networks for limited-memory application

Currently, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are considered as the most effective tool in image diagnosis and processing techniques. In this paper, we studied and applied the modified SSDLite_MobileNetV2 and proposed a solution to always maintain the boundary of the total memory capacity in the following robust bound and applied on the bridge navigational watch & alarm system (BNWAS). The hardware was designed based on raspberry Pi-3, an embedded single board computer with CPU smartphone level, limited RAM without CUDA GPU. Experimental results showed that the deep learning model on an embedded single board computer brings us high effectiveness in application

An identification of the tolerable time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter timing mismatch level in high-speed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems

High-speed Terahertz communication systems has recently employed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing approach as it provides high spectral efficiency and avoids inter-symbol interference caused by dispersive channels. Such high-speed systems require extremely high-sampling time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters at the receiver. However, timing mismatch of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters significantly causes system performance degradation. In this paper, to avoid such performance degradation induced by timing mismatch, we theoretically determine maximum tolerable mismatch levels for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication systems. To obtain these levels, we first propose an analytical method to derive the bit error rate formula for quadrature and pulse amplitude modulations in Rayleigh fading channels, assuming binary reflected gray code (BRGC) mapping. Further, from the derived bit error rate (BER) expressions, we reveal a threshold of timing mismatch level for which error floors produced by the mismatch will be smaller than a given BER. Simulation results demonstrate that if we preserve mismatch level smaller than 25% of this obtained threshold, the BER performance degradation is smaller than 0.5 dB as compared to the case without timing mismatch

Expectations Regarding Gastein Healing Gallery Treatment and Their Connection to Health-Related Quality of Life

The present study examines connections between patient expectations and health-related quality of life. We explore a key distinction between expectations about general health and expectations for functional improvement. Patients were 1444 individuals with multiple conditions experiencing chronic pain who were seeking treatment at the Gastein Healing Gallery in Böckstein, near Bad Gastein, Austria. In addition to measures of expectations, patients completed measures of pain, mental and physical health, life satisfaction, fatigue, and sleep problems. Structural equation models were used to fit a latent variable model where both expectation variables were used to predict health-related quality of life. Results showed that expectations regarding potential functional improvement resulting from treatments at the Gastein Healing Gallery were associated with improved health-related quality of life. Expectations about general health improvements related to treatment were not associated with health-related quality of life. To facilitate optimal healing, clinicians may decide to emphasize expectations about functional recovery when discussing treatment methods similar to those offered at the Gastein Healing Gallery, and in so doing, health-related quality of life may benefit

The Photocatalytic Activity of the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2 Glass Coating

Due to the low melting temperature, the glazes based on the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO system are used as coatings on the surface of industrial glass substrates. Moreover, the composition of these coatings does not contain PbO, meeting the optical and environmental properties requirements. In this study, TiO2 was used in the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO glaze system to improve its photocatalytic ability. This can be considered a four – component glass system Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2. The heating microscopy results show that the melting temperature of the glaze system is 606 °C. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that the TiO2 polyhedra are located independently in the structure without participating in forming a glass network. Thanks to that, the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 are maintained. The X-ray diffraction patterns results show that the formed TiO2 nanocrystals are rutile and anatase crystals. The results of determining the band gap energy using UV-Vis show that the band gap energy of the base glaze system increases with the addition of TiO2. The methylene blue decomposition results also showed that the ability to decompose organic increased when TiO2 was added to the glaze coating. The characteristics such as melting temperature, microstructure, and photocatalytic capacity of Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2 white glazes (5 and 10 % weight of TiO2) also were indicated in this paper