Wirtschaftlichkeit des Prozessmanagements

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Ermittlung der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Prozessmanagements mit speziellem Fokus auf die Quantifizierung und monetäre Bewertung des Nutzens. Ein Ansatz zur Feststellung der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Prozessmanagements, welcher sich aus einer Kombination von bestehenden Verfahren und Konstrukten zusammensetzt, wird entwickelt. Der Ansatz umfasst vier Schritte: Im ersten Schritt wird der inhaltliche und zeitliche Umfang der Wirtschaftlichkeitsermittlung festgelegt, sowie die für die relevanten Stakeholder bedeutsamen Prozesskennzahlenkategorien ermittelt. Im zweiten Schritt wird die Differenz der Prozesskennzahlen zweier Zeitpunkte monetär bewertet, um den Nutzen des Prozessmanagements zu erhalten. In einem dritten Schritt sind die Kosten zu ermitteln, die durch die Einführung von Prozessmanagement entstanden sind. Im vierten Schritt ist mittels Gegenüberstellung von Nutzen und Kosten die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Prozessmanagements festzustellen. Der Ansatz wird in einem Beispielunternehmen exemplarisch auf zwei Prozesse angewandt. Der bei den beiden Prozessen identifizierte Nutzen übersteigt die Kosten des Prozessmanagements um ein Fünffaches. Die Einführung von Prozessmanagement hat sich für die herangezogenen Prozesse klar rentiert.This master thesis deals with the determination of profitability of process management. A special focus is on the quantification and monetary valuation of the benefit of process management. Hence a new approach to appraise the profitability of process management, by combining existing methods and constructs, is developed. The approach consists of four steps: The first step focuses on content and space of time of profitability-determination. Moreover the relevant process indicators for important stakeholders are identified. In a second step the differences among process indicators between subsequent points in time will be evaluated to obtain the monetary benefit of process management. In the third step the costs triggered by the introduction of process management are discussed. To determine the profitability of process management benefit and costs are compared in the fourth step. The approach is exemplarily applied to an organization, and two processes were analyzed for profitability. The identified benefit of process management for the two exemplary processes is five times higher than the corresponding costs. Thus, the introduction of process management is clearly valuable for the two processes

Micro-coagulation effects on direct ultrafiltration of challenging raw river water

Background The feasibility and competitiveness of substituting the conventional pre-treatment of drinking water treatment plants (dioxichlorination, coagulation/flocculation, settling, sand filtration) by raw river water direct ultrafiltration (UF) was addressed. Results A full scale UF module was operated continuously for 2 years, treating highly variable surface water. The sustainable hydraulic conditions leading to a greater water yield from the direct UF treatment scheme under different scenarios were defined. Summer periods enabled the attainment of higher filtration fluxes, although raw river water showed greater turbidity and total suspended solids content. Winter periods presented higher dissolved organic carbon concentration, with greater biopolymers content, which have been claimed as main membrane foulants. A preliminary micro-coagulation of FeCl3 (<1.5 mg Fe(III) L-1) enabled supporting harsher hydraulic conditions and thus, implementing similar conditions throughout the year. Impacts of micro-coagulation were more pronounced on filtration, particularly in winter, but a positive effect was also noticed in hydraulic and chemical cleaning stages, increasing the efficiency of the former and decreasing by half the frequency of the latter. Conclusion Direct UF proved to be competitive with the current conventional pre-treatment, leading to a significant reduction in reagents needs and sludge production and an increased and more stable product water quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical IndustryPeer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Onderzoek naar dioxinen en dibenzofuranen in Nederlandse melk en melkprodukten

In opdracht van de directie Voedings- en Kwaliteitsaangelegenheden van het Ministerie van Landbouw en Visserij is als aanvulling van gegevens met betrekking tot gehalten van polychloordioxinen (PCDD) en polychloordibenzofuranen (PCDF) in melk in de omgeving van vuilverbrandingsinstallaties aanvullend onderzoek gedaan naar melk en melkprodukten uit onverdachte regio's

Aqueous Extract of Garcinia Indica Choisy Restores Glutathione in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Significant depletion of glutathione (GSH-reduced form) was observed in type 2 diabetes due to oxidative stress. Hence the present study was aimed to investigate a drug which restores GSH along with its anti-diabetic activity. Aqueous extract of Garcinia indica at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg was given orally to streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats for a period of 4 weeks. At the end, parameters such as fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and GSH in blood were analyzed. Aqueous extract of G. indica significantly decreased both the fasting and postprandial blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats. The extract also restored the erythrocyte GSH in type 2 diabetic rats. Drug at higher dose, i.e. 200 mg/kg, had a more pronounced effect. Restoring the erythrocyte GSH, an intracellular anti-oxidant in diabetes, will be beneficial specially by preventing the risk of developing complications

Electron ionization mass spectral fragmentation study of sulfation derivatives of polychlorinated biphenyls

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Polychlorinated biphenyls are persistent organic pollutants that can be metabolized via hydroxylated PCBs to PCB sulfate metabolites. The sensitive and selective analysis of PCB sulfate monoesters by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) requires their derivatization, for example, as PCB 2,2,2-trichloroethyl (TCE) sulfate monoesters. To aid in the identification of unknown PCB sulfate metabolites isolated from biological samples, the electron impact MS fragmentation pathways of selected PCB TCE sulfate diesters were analyzed and compared to the fragmentation pathways of the corresponding methoxylated PCBs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The most abundant and characteristic fragment ions of PCB TCE sulfate diesters were formed by releasing CHCCl₃, SO₃, HCl₂and/or CCl₃from the TCE sulfate moiety and Cl₂, HCl, ethyne and chloroethyne from an intermediate phenylcyclopentadienyl cation. The fragmentation pattern depended on the degree of chlorination and the position of the TCE sulfate moiety (i.e., <it>ortho </it>vs. <it>meta/para </it>to the second phenyl ring), but were independent of the chlorine substitution pattern. These fragmentation pathways are similar to the fragmentation pathways of structurally related methoxylated PCBs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Knowledge of the fragmentation patterns of PCB TCE sulfate diesters will greatly aid in determining the position of sulfate moiety (<it>ortho </it>vs. <it>meta/para</it>) of unknown PCB sulfate metabolites isolated from environmental or laboratory samples.</p