Palynological Investigations at the Ruhtinansalmi Dwelling-site Complex in Suomussalmi: Anthropogenic Pollen Evidence for a Hunter-gatherer Economy?

The Ruhtinansalmi dwelling site complex near the village of Juntusranta is one of the bestknown areas of prehistoric occupation in Northern Finland. Large archaeological material indicates that occupation has continued in the area for over 6000 years. The aim of the palynological investigation is to discern and to date phases of anthropogenic evidence in pollen strata. The analysis shows that human influence on vegetation was minimal and sporadic during the Stone Age and the Early Metal Age. The first continuous evidence of agriculture does not begin until the 16th century AD

Markkinaliikkeiden ennustaminen ohjatun oppimisen ja teknisen analyysin kautta

Arvopaperin tulevan hinnanmuodostuksen ennustaminen on mielenkiintoista niin sijoittajan kuin aktiivisesti kauppaa tekevän markkinatoimijan näkökulmasta. Tarpeeksi hyvällä tarkkuudella arvopaperin tulevaa hinnanmuodostusta ennustamalla voi markkinatoimija ostaa arvopaperia ennen sen mahdollista markkinahinnan nousua, tai suojata salkkuaan sitä jo omistaessaan, mikäli on vaara, että arvopaperin markkinahinta laskee ajan mittaan merkittävästi. Tutkielmassani käsittelen koneoppimisen soveltamista tekniseen analyysiin. Tutkin, voidaanko tekniseen analyysiin pohjautuen markkinan tai arvopaperin tulevaa hinnanmuodostusta ennustaa lyhyellä aikavälillä tarpeeksi hyvällä tarkkuudella. Selvitän arvopaperimarkkinoiden toimintaa ja käyn läpi, miten tarkasteltavan markkinan tulevaa kysynnän ja tarjonnan suhdetta voidaan teknistä analyysiä hyödyntäen pyrkiä ennustamaan. Taustoitan myös omassa tutkimuksessa käyttämieni teknisen analyysin indikaattorien sekä koneoppimisen menetelmien toimintaa ja esitän aiempaa tutkimusta ongelman parissa. Havaitsin, että markkinoiden tulevan hinnanmuodostuksen ennustaminen on haastavaa. Käyttämilläni ohjatun oppimisen menetelmillä en onnistunut generoimaan mallia, joka olisi osannut ennustaa S&P 500-osakeindeksille, onko tarkasteltavaa ajanhetkeä seuraavan lyhyen aikavälin päätteeksi markkinahinta korkeammalla vai enintään yhtä korkealla kuin tarkasteluajankohtana. Opetetut mallit saavuttivat parhaimmillaan vain 50.8 − 51.4 % ennustetarkkuuden, kun taas naiivi luokittelija, joka ennustaa jokaisen aikavälin päätteeksi markkinahinnan kohonneen saavuttaa 53.0 %:n tarkkuuden. Vehnäfutuurisopimusmarkkinalle saamani tulokset olivat lupaavampia ja opetetut mallit saavuttivat edellä mainitun ongelmanratkaisuun parhaimmillaan 51.7 − 52.5 % ennustetarkkuuden, joka ylitti naiivin luokittelijan 50.9 % tarkkuuden. Analysoin saamiani tuloksia ja esitin jatkotutkimusmahdollisuuksia mallien tehostamiseksi

Online to batch conversions

Monolithic architecture has been the standard way to architect applications for years. Monolithic applications use a single codebase which makes the deploying and development easier without adding any additional complexity as long as the size of the application stays relatively small. When the size of the codebase grows the architecture might deteriorate. This slows down the development and making it harder to on-board new developers. Microservice architecture is a novel architec- ture style that tries to solve these issues in larger codebases. Microservice architecture consists of multiple small autonomous services that are deployed and developed separately. Microservice architecture enables more fine-grained scaling and makes it possible to have faster development cycles by decreasing the amount of regression testing that is needed, because each of the services can be deployed and updated separately from each other. Microservice architecture provides also multiple new challenges that have to be solved in order to get the benefit from them. These challenges are such as the handling of distributed transactions, communication between microservices, separation of concerns in microservices and so on. On top of the technical challenges there are also organizational and operational challenges. The operational challenges are such as monitoring, logging and automated deployment of microservices. This thesis studies the differences between monolithic and microservice architecture and pinpoints the main challenges on the transition from monolithic architecture to microservice architecture. A proof of concept on how to transform a single bounded context from monolith to microservices will be made to get a better understanding of the challenges. Also a plan how to migrate tangled bounded contexts from monolith to microservices will be made in order to fully support the transition process in the future. The results from the proof of concept and the plan that was made show that the cohesion and loose coupling is more likely to stay when the bounded context is transformed to microservice

Taktiikan käsitteestä ja määritelmästä

Artikkelin johdannossa todetaan muun muassa, että "Taktisen ajattelun kehittyminen ja ylläpitäminen teknologiakeskeisessä maailmassa vaatii tutkimusta ja keskustelua. Taktiikka ei kehity, jos siitä kirjoitetaan vain ohjesäännöissä tai oppaissa ja taktiikan kehittämisen ehdot sanellaan teknologisen suorituskyvyn mukaisesti. Ennen kuin taktiikasta voidaan käydä syvällistä keskustelua, on ymmärrettävä, mitä taktiikalla tarkoitetaan. Tässä artikkelissa keskitytään tarkastelemaan sotilaallisen taktiikan käsitettä osana sota taitoa ja taistelua."Sotataidollista käsitehierarkiaa käsittelevässä luvussa käsitellään historiallisen katsauksen jälkeen usean arvostetun sotateoreetikon näkemyksiä sodankäynnin käsitteistöstä. Seuraavassa luvussa käsitellään taktiikan erilaisia määritelmiä tarkastellen muun muassa systemaattisesti eri lähteistä poimittuja taktiikan määritelmiä. Lähteinä on käytetty sanakirjoja, Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulun opetusaineistoa, ohjesääntöjä ja taistelua kuvaavia kirjoituksia. Loppusanoissaan kirjoittaja toteaa muun muassa, että " Tässä kirjoituksessa taktiikan käsitettä tulkittiin olemassa olevien määritelmien kautta. Kirjoituksessa ei käsitelty taktiikan käsitettä kontekstikeskeisesti. Kirjoituksen tarkoitus oli esitellä lukijoille, kuinka taktiikan määritelmät eroavat toisistaan ja mitä samankaltaisuuksia määritelmissä on." At the end of the book is a summary of the article in English

Severe birth injuries in neonates and associated risk factors for injury in mothers with different types of diabetes in Finland

Objective To examine severe birth-related injuries in neonates among mothers with different types of diabetes. Methods Retrospective cohort study based on Finnish Medical Birth Register data from 2004 to 2017. The study included singleton neonates born vaginally with cephalic presentation (n = 623 649) after 35(+0) weeks of gestation. The primary outcome variable was severe birth injury. Incidences, crude and adjusted odds ratios, and probabilities in regression analysis were calculated for different types of diabetes. Results There were 1952/623 649 (0.3%) severe birth injuries of which brachial plexus injury occurred most frequently. The injury incidence was highest in neonates of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, 42/1659 (2.5%) and 10/548 (1.8%), respectively. For gestational diabetes, the injury incidence was comparable to non-diabetic women: 422/77 810 (0.5%) and 1478/543 632 (0.3%), respectively. Shoulder dystocia, high birthweight, and vacuum-assisted delivery were associated with the highest probability for injury. Birthweight and obesity had a stronger impact on injury risk in women with pregestational diabetes compared to other pregnancies. Conclusion Neonates of women with pregestational diabetes have a higher risk for severe birth injury than other neonates. The injury risk in neonates delivered by women with gestational diabetes or non-diabetic women is generally low.Peer reviewe

Caries Experience and Erosive Tooth Wear in Finnish Men Conscripts 2021 : A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: In Finland, the development of oral health in young, 19- to 21-year-old males regarding restorative treatment need seems to have slowed down according to cross-sectional conscript studies between 1976 and 2011. At the individual level, the mean number of decayed teeth (DT > 0) has also steadily continued to decline. In Finland, military service is mandatory, and around 85% of males complete it. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the oral health status of young men at the beginning of the 2020s. Methods: The data were collected in July 2021 in the eight biggest Finnish Defence force garrisons by ten calibrated dentists serving in the ranks. The inclusion criteria for this study were a year of birth between 2000 and 2002 and male gender (n = 508). Third molars were included. Restorative treatment need was evaluated using ICDAS scoring. The study was designed according to the STROBE guidelines. Results: Mean DT value was 1.13 when third molars were included and 1.03 when they were excluded. Mean DMFT value was 3.23 and 2.98, respectively. The proportion of conscripts with DT > 0 was 36.4% and 34.8%, respectively. The prevalence of caries was concentrated among a small number of conscripts. Most (76.5%) had BEWE (basic erosive wear examination) of 0-2. Conscripts in the moderate and severe ETW (erosive tooth wear) groups (BEWE 3-13) comprised 23.5% of the cohort. None of the conscripts fell into the most severe group (BEWE 14-18). Conclusions: The oral health of conscripts has improved over the last ten years, and restorative treatment need has decreased significantly. Compared to previous studies, restorative treatment need was concentrated on an even smaller proportion of conscripts.Peer reviewe

Caries Experience and Erosive Tooth Wear in Finnish Men Conscripts 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: In Finland, the development of oral health in young, 19- to 21-year-old males regarding restorative treatment need seems to have slowed down according to cross-sectional conscript studies between 1976 and 2011. At the individual level, the mean number of decayed teeth (DT > 0) has also steadily continued to decline. In Finland, military service is mandatory, and around 85% of males complete it. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the oral health status of young men at the beginning of the 2020s. Methods: The data were collected in July 2021 in the eight biggest Finnish Defence force garrisons by ten calibrated dentists serving in the ranks. The inclusion criteria for this study were a year of birth between 2000 and 2002 and male gender (n = 508). Third molars were included. Restorative treatment need was evaluated using ICDAS scoring. The study was designed according to the STROBE guidelines. Results: Mean DT value was 1.13 when third molars were included and 1.03 when they were excluded. Mean DMFT value was 3.23 and 2.98, respectively. The proportion of conscripts with DT > 0 was 36.4% and 34.8%, respectively. The prevalence of caries was concentrated among a small number of conscripts. Most (76.5%) had BEWE (basic erosive wear examination) of 0–2. Conscripts in the moderate and severe ETW (erosive tooth wear) groups (BEWE 3–13) comprised 23.5% of the cohort. None of the conscripts fell into the most severe group (BEWE 14–18). Conclusions: The oral health of conscripts has improved over the last ten years, and restorative treatment need has decreased significantly. Compared to previous studies, restorative treatment need was concentrated on an even smaller proportion of conscripts

Correction: Patinen et al. Caries Experience and Erosive Tooth Wear in Finnish Men Conscripts 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent. J. 2022, 10, 122

There was an error in the original publication [...

Caries Experience and Erosive Tooth Wear in Finnish Men Conscripts 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: In Finland, the development of oral health in young, 19- to 21-year-old males regarding restorative treatment need seems to have slowed down according to cross-sectional conscript studies between 1976 and 2011. At the individual level, the mean number of decayed teeth (DT > 0) has also steadily continued to decline. In Finland, military service is mandatory, and around 85% of males complete it. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the oral health status of young men at the beginning of the 2020s. Methods: The data were collected in July 2021 in the eight biggest Finnish Defence force garrisons by ten calibrated dentists serving in the ranks. The inclusion criteria for this study were a year of birth between 2000 and 2002 and male gender (n = 508). Third molars were included. Restorative treatment need was evaluated using ICDAS scoring. The study was designed according to the STROBE guidelines. Results: Mean DT value was 1.13 when third molars were included and 1.03 when they were excluded. Mean DMFT value was 3.23 and 2.98, respectively. The proportion of conscripts with DT > 0 was 36.4% and 34.8%, respectively. The prevalence of caries was concentrated among a small number of conscripts. Most (76.5%) had BEWE (basic erosive wear examination) of 0–2. Conscripts in the moderate and severe ETW (erosive tooth wear) groups (BEWE 3–13) comprised 23.5% of the cohort. None of the conscripts fell into the most severe group (BEWE 14–18). Conclusions: The oral health of conscripts has improved over the last ten years, and restorative treatment need has decreased significantly. Compared to previous studies, restorative treatment need was concentrated on an even smaller proportion of conscripts