Examining the Influential Factors on Urban Growth and Population Attraction: A Case Study of Almere, Netherlands

This paper explores the intricate nature of population attraction and urban growth, which are influenced by a wide range of social, economic, and environmental factors. Through a case study of Almere, Netherlands, this study investigates the connection between population attraction, urban quality of life, livability, and sustainability. To assess the impact of these factors on urban growth, the study developed a measurable indicator matrix based on a theoretical framework. The study’s results demonstrate that social life, urban economy, population standards, ease of access to services, transportation, and the quality of the built environment are significant factors in population attraction and urban growth. Additionally, the study revealed some previously unconsidered factors that play a crucial role in sustaining population attraction and urban growth. The study’s findings offer insights for urban planners and policymakers to design effective strategies that promote population attraction and foster sustainable urban growth

Automated Chemical Equation Balancing Using the Apriori Algorithm

Chemical equations must be balanced to maintain mass conservation. Traditional chemists employed manual processes with meticulous investigation and trial-and-error iterations. Automating and enhancing this difficult process is becoming more popular as machine learning (ML) progresses. We provide a novel Apriori algorithm-based chemical equation balancing method in this paper. Our solution uses the Apriori algorithm to find common itemsets of balanced reactions and translates unbalanced equations into machine-readable language. After that, it reconstructs balanced equations, automating a tedious task

Vulnerability and Weaknesses of Eating Habits of Overweight School Children as an Entry Risk for COVID-19

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, overweight among children becomes an alarming problem and a health concern. Obesity is a factor in disease severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) having the greatest impact on patients. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight in some of the Egyptian governmental primary school children, its nutritional and socioeconomic determinants. Special focus was directed to identify the current dietary practices including risky nutritional habits of overweight children as a weak point leading to increasing their vulnerability to catching COVID-19 infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on primary school children aged 6–12 years. General demographic data, socioeconomic data, dietary pattern, intake of a diversity of nutrient-rich food versus calorie-dense food, and anthropometrical data were collected. RESULTS: Of 1600 child, there were 8% overweight who are considered at risk of COVID-19 infection. Considering the weekly share of the stomach, only one-third of the food consumed by overweight children is nutrient-rich, with high consumption of French fries and Candies (once per day among 95% and 78 % of overweight children, respectively). Moreover, 90% of them consume sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) more than once per day. The majority of overweight children belonged to small, middle- income families, and had illiterate or read and write mothers. CONCLUSION: Overweight children eat narrow diversity of nutrient-rich food that includes vegetables, fruits, protein, and dairy products. They eat more calorie-dense foods, every day. The increase of family income increased the likelihood of having overweight children with a high intake of SSB, candies, and chips; consumption of snacks between meals and before sleep. Protective predictors against overweight were highly educated mothers, taking breakfast before school, having dinner, and taking meals on time. RECOMMENDATION: Nutritional behavioral education aiming at choosing nutritious and varied options of food that is effective for improving children’s nutritional status is the key to decreasing vulnerability toward COVID 19

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Estimating the potential evapo-transpiration and crop coefficient from climatic data in Middle Delta of Egypt

There are many empirical and theoretical equations to estimate the value of the potential evapo-transpiration (PET) under certain weather conditions. The relation between PET and climatic factors has the greatest role in the development of such equations. The main goal of this study is to propose empirical equations for estimating the PET of climatic data for Middle Delta of Egypt and modify the Blaney–Criddle equation using data in the period from 1990 to 2006. The climatic data during the period from 1990 to 2000 is used to propose the empirical equation and modified Blaney–Criddle equation. The result of the proposed equation is more accurate in calculating PET. Monthly crop coefficient (Kco) for crops cultivated in this area is estimated for the proposed equation in the study area and is compared with the measured values. Sensitivity analysis is used to quantify the impact of climatic parameters on the potential evapo-transpiration and crop coefficient

The Impact of the Optimal spatial Impression on the Fifth Dimension of Interactive Mural Design

The Relationship Between The Human Behavior And The Environment Is A Mutual Relationship, Where Each Influences The Other, Especially With The Constant Environment Changes. Each Side Exchanges Variables Within A Dynamic Field Which Possesses A Group Of Expressive Traits Characterized With Diverse Civilizational Connotations. These Traits, If Neglected Will Lead To Intellectual ,Cultural And Emotive Dysfunctions Of Contemporary Citizens. The Surrounding Materialistic Conglomerates Are Visually Seen Spread In Every Aspect Of The Urbanized Environment . These Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Entities Combine Between Complexity And, Occasionally, Simplicity. Their Influences On Humans Cannot Be Denied, As They Range From Symbolism And Functionality, Which Play A Pivotal Role, Not Only In Forming The Spatial Impression, But Also Reflect On The Human Interactive Behavior. Research Problem: The Research Discusses Mainly The Issue Of Lacking An Absolute, Comprehensible Spatial Impression Concept In Contemporary Egyptian Society. This Concept Is Mandated To Amend The Unethical Behavior Of Citizens Towards Their Surrounding Environments And Therefore Affects The Economic, Social And Environmental Level Of The Country.Research Objective: •To Modify The Behavior By Achieving An Ideal Spatial Impression That Satisfies The Recipient's Needs.•To Achieve The Fifth Dimension Within The Interactive Mural Design In A Way That Fulfills Physical And Psychological The Needs Of The Recipient And The Surrounding Environment.Research Methodology: The Research Follows The Descriptive And Experimental Design On Different Groups Of Individuals Within A Community In A.R.E, To Conclude The Extent Of Response To The Spatial Impression And Its Impact On Their Behavior.The Results Of The Research Are An Attempt To Reach Various Combinations Of Mural Designs That Achieve The Fifth Dimension Of Design Within The Spatial Environment, Which In Turn Works On Behavioral Reformation For The Citizens

Value engineering for canal tail irrigation water problem

Shortage of irrigation water is a challenge frequently occurs at Canal Tail-end (CT). This paper uses Value Engineering (VE) methodology to find solutions of this problem. VE methodology includes collecting information about the water shortage at CT, analyze functions of canals, develop creative ideas, assess creative ideas based on evaluation criteria, obtain a short list of value alternatives, and develop value alternatives using Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Net Present Value (NPV). Study results indicate that VE methodology is a problem solving tool that helps in finding solutions with focus on achieving the basic function of the system. Keywords: Canal tail-end, Irrigation, Value engineering, Life cycle cos

Feature Selection and Radial Basis Function Network for Parkinson Disease Classification

Recently, several works have focused on detection of a different disease using computational intelligence techniques. In this paper, we applied feature selection method and radial basis function neural network (RBFN) to classify the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. The feature selection (FS) method used to reduce the number of attributes in Parkinson disease data. The Parkinson disease dataset is acquired from UCI repository of large well-known data sets. The experimental results have revealed significant improvement to detect Parkinson’s disease using feature selection method and RBF network

Political Leadership of the Intifada in 1987 and Al-Aqsa in 2000 A Comparative Analysis Study

Intifada is the main station in the path of the Palestinian cause, and that the entry of the Palestinian National Authority after Oslo had greatly affected the role of leadership in the second intifada in terms of building the State and the complete liberation and the tools and methods differ from those in the first intifada. The political leadership of the first was in perfect harmony, while in the second there was a contradiction and divergence in attitudes and ideas as well as differences on the management of the Intifada and the contradiction with the national authority has worked to marginalize the actors in the second intifada. The study focused on the problem analysis and study of the relationship between the political leaders of the uprisings and PLO and the Palestinian Authority and its impact on the evolution of political thought and the Palestinian negotiations and the method of resistance and nation-building and complete liberation. The aim of this study to highlight the impact of political leadership in the uprisings on the evolution of political thought and its role in the Palestinian state-building and complete liberation and its impact on the course of the Palestinian cause. The study population from the political leaders with diverse political and economic variety of the level of the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the number of Twenty-eight Quested.Intifada is the main station in the path of the Palestinian cause, and that the entry of the Palestinian National Authority after Oslo had greatly affected the role of leadership in the second intifada in terms of building the State and the complete liberation and the tools and methods differ from those in the first intifada. The political leadership of the first was in perfect harmony, while in the second there was a contradiction and divergence in attitudes and ideas as well as differences on the management of the Intifada and the contradiction with the national authority has worked to marginalize the actors in the second intifada. The study focused on the problem analysis and study of the relationship between the political leaders of the uprisings and PLO and the Palestinian Authority and its impact on the evolution of political thought and the Palestinian negotiations and the method of resistance and nation-building and complete liberation. The aim of this study to highlight the impact of political leadership in the uprisings on the evolution of political thought and its role in the Palestinian state-building and complete liberation and its impact on the course of the Palestinian cause. The study population from the political leaders with diverse political and economic variety of the level of the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the number of Twenty-eight Quested. This has followed a comparative analysis approach, a researcher with the clarity of results by finding similarities and differences in the study of the relationship between the two leaderships in the two uprisings. In addition to the adoption of a researcher on the interview tool to collect information and analyze documents, newspapers and magazines on the subject of study