Hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with adaptive operators selection

Multiobjective optimization entails minimizing or maximizing multiple objective functions subject to a set of constraints. Many real world applications can be formulated as multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs), which often involve multiple conflicting objectives to be optimized simultaneously. Recently, a number of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) were developed suggested for these MOPs as they do not require problem specific information. They find a set of non-dominated solutions in a single run. The evolutionary process on which they are based, typically relies on a single genetic operator. Here, we suggest an algorithm which uses a basket of search operators. This is because it is never easy to choose the most suitable operator for a given problem. The novel hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (HNSGA) introduced here in this paper and tested on the ZDT (Zitzler-Deb-Thiele) and CEC’09 (2009 IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computations) benchmark problems specifically formulated for MOEAs. Numerical results prove that the proposed algorithm is competitive with state-of-the-art MOEAs

Self-Care Management of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension for Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers at Kirkuk City.

Abstract:-Objective (s) : Assessing self-care management of pregnancy induced hypertension for pregnant women attending primary health care centers at Kirkuk city. And to finding out relationship between self-care management of pregnancy induced hypertension and some socio demographic such as( age , educational level , socio economic status , body mass index).Methodology : A descriptive study non-probability (purposive) conducted on 100 pregnant women were selected from five typical primary health care centers The study was conducted ( from 27 Jan to 31 October 2015). The questionnaire consisted of four main parts including :Socio demographic characteristic such as( age , educational level , socio economic status , body mass index) , medical history of pregnant women and the family, reproductive history, self-care management for pregnant women. The analysis of data was performed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The findings of the study indicated that (26%) were in the age group(30-34) years and (46%) were primary school graduates, and (83%) were from low level of socio economic status , was 56% of pregnant women suffer from obesity. The study finding showed that there is no significant association between self-care management for pregnant women with socio demographic characteristics and body mass index (BMI)Conclusions: The study concludes that the level of pregnant women about self-care management toward pregnancy induced hypertension was " Moderate "Recommendations: The study recommended to increased awareness of pregnant women about pregnancy complications especially pregnancy induced hypertension through educational programs. Further studies are recommended to research about increasing awareness to self-care management toward pregnancy induced hypertension and its effect on maternal and fetal health.Keywords: Self-care, Pregnancy induced hypertension, Pregnant women, Primary health care___________________________

Phytoplankton Structure biochemical Stoichiometry and elemantal comnosition in Lake Nasser Egypt

The relationship between environmental variables and elemental, biochemical composition of phytoplankton species in Lake Nasser were studied. In the lake 130 phytoplankton species were recorded, the lake is dominated mainly by Cyclotella glomerata (Bacillariophyceae), Planktolyngbya limnetica, Eucapsis minuta (Cyanophyceae). Phytoplankton organic carbon content at the lake was 32%. The elevation of NO3 (365 μg/l) and CO3 (21 mg/l) at the east of the lake was concurrently with the highest proportion of inorganic C, N and algal protein content. C/N ratio decreased thus Redfield ratio indicating a high growth rate of phytoplankton with increasing protein content. C/H and O/C ratio for natural phytoplankton samples were less than one, which means unsaturated aliphatic compounds at metabolites categories of phytoplankton. RDA analysis cleared that, Cyclotella glomerata (dominant at the north area) was sensitive to flushing, tolerant to nutrient deficiency and had higher protein content. Planktolyngbya limnetica (dominant at the middle) was more sensitive to pH, phosphorus is non-limiting factor and characterized by elevation in lipid content. Eucapsis minuta (dominant at the south) was tolerant to mild light deficiency and contains a maximum value of carbohydrates and Chlorophyll a

Enhancement of corrosion protection of metal carbon steel C45 and stainless steel 316 by using inhibitor (Schiff base) in sea water

This research has presented a solution to the problem faced by alloys: the corrosion problem, by reducing corrosion and enhancing protection by using an inhibitor (Schiff base). The inhibitor (Schiff base) was synthesized by reacting of the substrates materials (4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 4-aminoantipyrine). It was diagnosed by infrared technology IR, where the IR spectrum and through the visible beams proved that the Schiff base was well formed and with high purity. The corrosion behavior of carbon steel and stainless steel in a saline medium (artificial seawater 3.5%NaCl) before and after using the inhibitor at four temperatures: 20, 30, 40, and 50 C° was studied by using three electrodes potentiostat. The corrosion behavior was studied by cathode and anode polarization through which all corrosion parameters were investigated which include: corrosion current icorr (1341× 10-7-  5393 × 10-9A/cm2), corrosion potential Ecorr (-1.031-  -0.227 mV vs SCE) , corrosion rates CR (0.658-0.007 mm.y-1), inhibition efficiency %IE (92-98%), and energy activation barriers Ea (4.709-26.733 kJ/mole). The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the corrosion behavior of these two metals under study, which include: enthalpy ∆H*(2.153-24.176 kJ/mole), entropy ∆S*(-197 -156 J/mole), and free Gibbs energy ∆G*(59.87-74.56 kJ/mole) before and after using the inhibitor, were also studied

Pharmacotherapy-Based Problems in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Needs Much More to be Done!

A total of 856 diabetic patients were evaluated for pharmacotherapy-based problems like for possible drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and other mismatches, if any. Poor correlation between the advised insulin therapy and patients’ fasting blood glucose levels (12%, n=103) was observed. To most of the patients (41.66%, n= 357), insulin therapy was advised in combination with glucocorticoides, thiazides diuretics, and propranolol. Prescribing beta blocker (propranolol) with insulin is contraindicated. The higher incidence of diabetic foot patients was in the mean age of 57±3.4 years that was controlled with combination therapy of insulin and oral antidiabetics (63.0%, n=516). 11.1% of the treated patients could not take the prescribed therapy due to poor acceptance of insulin therapy due to its syringe needle prick. 41.66% risks of potential drug interactions, 7.93% adverse drug reactions, and 6.6% mismatches were recorded, as per the international approved algorithm, for managing a diabetes mellitus that reflects poor health care system. All these events necessitate for coordinating with other health professionals to make the therapy safer in the better interest of the patients. It is concluded that in practice prescribing pattern carries more risks for patients. It is imperative to improve the practice of pharmacotherapeutics rather than to practice in routine

Prognostic value of monitoring tumour markers CA 15-3 and CEA during fulvestrant treatment

BACKGROUND: At many centres tumour markers are used to detect disease recurrence and to monitor response to therapy in patients with advanced disease, although the real value of serial observation of marker levels remains disputed. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of tumour markers for predicting response (partial response [PR], stable disease [SD] ≥ 6 months), de novo disease progression (PD) and secondary PD in patients receiving fulvestrant ('Faslodex') 250 mg/month for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). METHODS: Changes in cancer antigen 15–3 (CA 15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were prospectively monitored (monthly) and were also evaluated for the 3 months preceding secondary PD. Data from 67 patients with previously treated MBC participating in a Compassionate Use Programme were analysed. RESULTS: In patients with a PR (n = 7 [10.4%]), a non-significant increase in CA 15-3 occurred during the first 6 months of treatment; CEA was significantly reduced (P = 0.0165). In patients with SD ≥ 6 months (n = 28 [41.8%]), both CA 15-3 (P < 0.0001) and CEA (P = 0.0399) levels increased significantly after 6 months treatment. In those experiencing de novo PD (n = 32 [47.8%]), CA 15-3 increased significantly (P < 0.0001) after 4 months; CEA also increased significantly (P = 0.0002) during the same time period. Both CA 15-3 (P < 0.0001) and CEA (P < 0.0001) increased significantly in the 3 months preceding secondary PD. CONCLUSION: CA 15-3 increases in patients progressing on fulvestrant but may also increase in those experiencing clinical benefit; this should not be taken as a sign of PD without verification. Overall, both CA 15-3 and CEA appear to be poor prognostic markers for determining progression in patients receiving fulvestrant