Economic potential of Angelica glauca Edgew: an endangered plant of western Himalaya

The present study was carried out to assess the economic viability of Angelica glauca. Cost benefit ratio tool was used to assess the net benefit that could lure the local farm community to bring this important species in farm cultivation and thus promote the ex-situ conservation of species. To observe the economic yield of plants, underground parts of the plant from treatments were uprooted at the end of growing season. Cost benefit analysis was calculated on the basis of total output in the form of cash and total investment on various development activities. The cost of cultivation including all the inputs among different treatments varied from Rs. 76606.47 (F0) to Rs. 114544.28 (F6). Similarly, while calculating the return, the total dry plant biomass obtained was multiplied by the average of prevailing market rate of Angelica glauca. The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) among the various treatments varied from 1.91 (F2) to 2.49 (F7) and the highest benefit-cost ratio of 2.49 was observed when FYM @ 10t/ha along with Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha and PSB @ 5 kg/ha were applied

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Nonlinear Time History Analysis Of Mass And Geometric Regular And Irregular Multi Storey Moment Resisting RCC Frames

From past earthquake it is observed that if the structures are not properly analyzed and constructed with the required quality, then it may lead great destruction and loss to human lives. It is proved that many of structure are totally or partially damaged due to earthquake. So it is necessary to determine seismic response of such buildings. There are different techniques of seismic analysis of structure. Among them time history analysis is one of the most important techniques for structural seismic analysis generally the evaluated structural response in non linear in nature. Mass irregularity is considered to exist where the seismic weight of any storey is more than 200 percent of that of its adjacent storey. Mass irregularity is an important factor which affects the response of the structure under seismic loads. This is introduced by increasing the weight of some floors relative to the other floors. Geometric irregularity is an irregular asymmetry in shape; an irregular spatial pattern. Mostly the regular (rectangular) geometric shape are consider in building design. But sometimes due to space restriction or aesthetic purpose the demand of irregular or different shape of building are increase.In this project work seismic analysis of RCC building with mass and geometric irregularity with and without shear wall are carried out. Here a G+10 stories building with mass and geometric irregularity has been modeled for seismic analysis. In this thesis design of structure for this building is carried out by using ETABS software. After being analyzed, structural response such as Storey displacement, Storey drift, and Base shear are compared

Ictal EEG remains the prominent predictor of seizure-free outcome after temporal lobectomy in epileptic patients with normal brain MRI

SummaryPurposeWhile an abnormal pre-operative high-resolution brain MRI portends a favorable outcome in patients undergoing resective epilepsy surgery for medically intractable localization-related epilepsy (LRE), a normal MRI is less favorable. Ascertaining desirable pre-operative predictors for successful anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) in LRE patients with a normal brain MRI is essential to better anticipate surgical outcome.MethodsPatients with LRE and normal temporal structures on MRI underwent ATL at two epilepsy centers in the southeastern US (FL and NC). Outcome was separated into those patients that were seizure free (SF), and those that were not seizure free (NSF), and those NSF were stratified in accordance with the Engel classification system. Those with a pre-operative history of clinical risk factors, unilateral anterior temporal interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), well localized scalp ictal EEG with rhythmic temporal theta at onset, localized PET/ictal SPECT, and Wada asymmetry with >2.5/8, were evaluated for the purpose of predicting outcome. Where appropriate, data is presented as a median (mean±S.D.).ResultsThirty-nine patients, median age 33 years, were followed up 2 years (3±1.2) after ATL. Overall, 22/39 (56.4%) patients were identified as SF, and 17/39 (43.6%) patients were NSF. Ictal EEG with rhythmic temporal theta at onset was the only predictive measure of seizure-free outcome (p=0.001, Fisher's exact test), and also favorably correlated with seizure reduction (p=0.0001, r2=0.34, multiple regression analysis). None of the other predictors examined added greater predictive value.ConclusionsATL is a favorable option for patients with LRE even when high-resolution brain MRI reveals normal temporal structures. Normal brain MRI patients with localizing pre-operative scalp ictal EEG, have better outcomes following ATL

Safety of Bariatric Surgery in ≥ 65-Year-Old Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background Age >= 65 years is regarded as a relative contraindication for bariatric surgery. Advanced age is also a recognised risk factor for adverse outcomes with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) which continues to wreak havoc on global populations. This study aimed to assess the safety of bariatric surgery (BS) in this particular age group during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison with the younger cohort.Methods We conducted a prospective international study of patients who underwent BS between 1/05/2020 and 31/10/2020. Patients were divided into two groups - patients >= 65-years-old (Group I) and patients < 65-years-old (Group II). The two groups were compared for 30-day morbidity and mortality.Results There were 149 patients in Group 1 and 6923 patients in Group II. The mean age, preoperative weight, and BMI were 67.6 +/- 2.5 years, 119.5 +/- 24.5 kg, and 43 +/- 7 in Group I and 39.8 +/- 11.3 years, 117.7 +/- 20.4 kg, and 43.7 +/- 7 in Group II, respectively. Approximately, 95% of patients in Group 1 had at least one co-morbidity compared to 68% of patients in Group 2 (p = < 0.001). The 30-day morbidity was significantly higher in Group I ( 11.4%) compared to Group II (6.6%) (p = 0.022). However, the 30-day mortality and COVID-19 infection rates were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions Bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a higher complication rate in those >= 65 years of age compared to those < 65 years old. However, the mortality and postoperative COVID-19 infection rates are not significantly different between the two groups