The Dynamics of Some Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes in Daytime in Various Wheat Genotypes during Drought

PEPC plays a pivotal role in various metabolic processes in C3 plants including by providing intermediates for the Krebs cycle, maintaining intracellular pH and osmotic pressure, regulating the movement of stomatal guard cells, refixing CO2 formed by respiration, forming a carbon skeleton for lipid synthesis during grain development and nitrogen assimilation. Aspartate aminotransferase is essential to primary nitrogen assimilation, the transportation of reducing equivalents and the exchange of carbon and nitrogen resources among cellular subcompartments. Durum (Barakatli 95 and Garagylchyg 2) and bread wheat genotypes (Gobustan and Tale 38) cultivated in the experimental field of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry were used as study materials. The high level of activity of PEPC and NAD-MDH during morning hours and a positive correlation between them in daytime suggest that, functioning mutually, these enzymes participate in the biosynthesis of malic acid

A Comprehensive Review of Detection Methods for SARS-CoV-2

Recently, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus, in China and its subsequent spread across the world has caused numerous infections and deaths and disrupted normal social activity. Presently, various techniques are used for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with various advantages and weaknesses to each. In this paper, we summarize promising methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), serological testing, point-of-care testing, smartphone surveillance of infectious diseases, nanotechnology-based approaches, biosensors, amplicon-based metagenomic sequencing, smartphone, and wastewaterbased epidemiology (WBE) that can also be utilized for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we discuss principles, advantages, and disadvantages of these detection methods, and highlight the potential methods for the development of additional techniques and products for early and fast detection of SARS-CoV-2

Genome Mining by using in silico Tools and Their Reflections in Biotechnology

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Insulin Effect on Gene Expression of Dental Pulp Cell during Osteodifferentiation

Insulin, an old but still actual molecule, has many roles in various cellular processes including bone formation and also angiogenesis. Insulin effects on different cell types were investigated, and we intended to check its effect on dental pulp cells (DPC) during osteoblast differentiation. First, bone differentiation ability of isolated dental pulp cells was assessed by alizarin red (AR) staining. Insulin increased dental pulp cell proliferation after 25 hours of culture. It increased mRNA expression of osteogenic markers such as Col1, RunX2, ALP, Osc, Mef2C and expression of genes involved in TGF b pathway such as Smad3, TSP1, VEGF at different time points

Some morphological and physiological traits of bread wheat genotypes grown under irrigated, rain‑fed and drought conditions

Morphological traits (plant height, peduncle length, length of fourth internode, specific mass of fourth internode, flag leaf length, width and area), physiological traits (gas exchange parameters and relative water content of flag leaf) of 21 bread wheat genotypes grown under irrigated, rain-fed and drought stress conditions were studied during 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing years. The 2013–2014 growing year was characterized by less rainfall and higher temperatures compared to the 2012–2013 growing year, which was reflected in the morphological and physiological parameters. Water stress was found to decrease plant height, internode length, as well as productivity. Genotypic differences of studied traits were significant. The studied parameters were influenced by growth condition as well as by growth year. An influence of growth year was more significant than the influence of the growing condition. Reduction in morphological and physiological parameters was significant under drought stress condition. Drought-susceptible and drought-tolerant genotypes were revealed. Water deficit significantly affected grain yield rather than plant height components. In unfavorable 2013–2014 growing season, significant reduction in grain yield was detected in genotypes Aran, Vostorg, Tale 38, Gyrmyzygul 1, Ferrigineum 2/19 and 12th IWWYT No. 8. Less reduction in grain yield was detected in genotypes Sheki 1, Murov 2, Gobustan, Fatime and 7th WON-SA No. 465

Role of Thylakoid Protein Phosphorylation in Energy-Dependent Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Rice Plants

Under natural environments, light quality and quantity are extremely varied. To respond and acclimate to such changes, plants have developed a multiplicity of molecular regulatory mechanisms. Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) and thylakoid protein phosphorylation are two mechanisms that protect vascular plants. To clarify the role of thylakoid protein phosphorylation in energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qE) in rice plants, we used a direct Western blot assay after BN-PAGE to detect all phosphoproteins by P-Thr antibody as well as by P-Lhcb1 and P-Lhcb2 antibodies. Isolated thylakoids in either the dark- or the light-adapted state from wild type (WT) and PsbS-KO rice plants were used for this approach to detect light-dependent interactions between PsbS, PSII, and LHCII proteins. We observed that the bands corresponding to the phosphorylated Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 as well as the other phosphorylated proteins were enhanced in the PsbS-KO mutant after illumination. The qE relaxation became slower in WT plants after 10 min HL treatment, which correlated with Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 protein phosphorylation in the LHCII trimers under the same experimental conditions. Thus, we concluded that light-induced phosphorylation of PSII core and Lhcb1/Lhcb2 proteins is enhanced in rice PsbS-KO plants which might be due to more reactive-oxygen-species production in this mutant

Genetic diversity of "<em>Candidatus</em> Phytoplasma solani" strains associated to ''bois noir" and planthoppers in Azerbaijan

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Ecofriendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ananas comosus Fruit Peels: Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities

Metallic nanoparticles are valuable materials and have a range of uses. Nanoparticles synthesized from plant wastes by environment-friendly methods have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Also, the advantages of biological resources and synthesis methods are attracting attention. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Ananas comosus fruit peels using ecofriendly method steps. The characterization of the particles obtained was determined by using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), Fourier scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles showed maximum absorbance at 463 nm, measuring 11.61 in crystal nanosize, and presented spherical in appearance. An antimicrobial activity test was determined with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. The nanoparticles showed promising inhibitory activity on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27833 bacteria, and Candida albicans yeast) at low concentrations. The cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles on different cancer cell lines were examined via the MTT assay. © 2021 Ayşe Baran et al