Two-sided Adverse Selection and Bilateral Reviews in the Sharing Economy

Online peer-to-peer platforms match service providers with consumers. Both providers and consumers derive heterogeneous payoffs depending on whom they are matched with. To ensure that providers and consumers identify the most valuable matches, many of these platforms elicit relevant information from and also disclose the information to the market participants by adopting bilateral review schemes. Although the bilateral review scheme has its own merits in reducing information asymmetry and possibly enabling better matches, its impact on the various stakeholders in online peer-to-peer platforms remains unexplored. We show that, in equilibrium, the bilateral review scheme intensifies price competition among service providers to attract low-cost consumers and consequently reduces the platform\u27s profit. Interestingly, service providers may be better off with more intense price competition and lower prices when the proportion of low-cost consumers is sufficiently high. More importantly, we find that social welfare is not always higher under the bilateral review scheme compared to either the unilateral review scheme or no reviews. Our findings demonstrate that even though the bilateral review scheme eliminates the information asymmetry and adverse selection on both sides of the market, it does not necessarily enhance market efficiency when competing providers strategically respond to reviews by adjusting their prices

Higher order splitting approaches in analysis of the Burgers equation

This article proposes some higher order splitting-up techniques based on cubic B-spline Galerkin finite element method in analysing the Burgers equation model. The strong form of both conservation and diffusion parts of the time-splitted Burgers equation have been considered in building the Galerkin approach. To integrate the corresponding ODE system, the Crank-Nicolson time discretization scheme is used. The proposed schemes are shown to be unconditionally stable. Two challenging examples have been considered with changing values of the kinematic viscosity constant of the medium. Especially, the cases of shock waves of severe gradient are solved and checked with both exact solution and the literature. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that our numerical approach has far higher accuracy than the rival methods

Effect of Fluoride Varnish Containing CPP-ACP on Preventing Enamel Erosion

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a fluoride varnish with added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate treatment on the prevention of enamel erosion, and it compared the results with those of other fluoride varnishes. Fifty enamel specimens obtained from bovine incisors were randomly divided into five groups (n=10) based on the type of surface pretreatment used: intact enamel (Group 1); intact enamel+erosive cycles (Group 2); intact enamel+MI varnish+erosive cycles (Group 3); intact enamel+Clinpro White varnish+erosive cycles (Group 4); and intact enamel+Duraphat varnish+erosive cycles (Group 5). The specimens were subjected to erosive cycles for five days. The surface roughness was evaluated using atomic force microscopy. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Group 1 had the smoothest surfaces. After the erosive cycles, the greatest surface roughness values were observed in Group 2, followed by Groups 5, 4, and 3, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed among all groups (p&lt;0.05). The application of fluoride varnishes had some positive effects on preventing enamel erosion; however, the most effective agent was fluoride varnish with added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate.</jats:p

An extended mixed-integer programming formulation and dynamic cut generation approach for the stochastic lot sizing problem

We present an extended mixed-integer programming formulation of the stochastic lot-sizing problem for the static-dynamic uncertainty strategy. The proposed formulation is significantly more time efficient as compared to existing formulations in the literature and it can handle variants of the stochastic lot-sizing problem characterized by penalty costs and service level constraints, as well as backorders and lost sales. Also, besides being capable of working with a predefined piecewise linear approximation of the cost function-as is the case in earlier formulations-it has the functionality of finding an optimal cost solution with an arbitrary level of precision by means of a novel dynamic cut generation approach

Pharmacogenetic Testing for Predicting Methylphenidate Treatment Outcomes in Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Turkey:Focus on Carboxylesterase 1, Latrophilin-3, and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase

Pharmacogenetic studies involving Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), Latrophilin-3 (LPHN3), and Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) revealed individual differences regarding therapeutic response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) under methylphenidate (MPH) treatment. This study aimed to evaluate MPH's association with the adverse effect status in children and its relationship with CES1, LPHN3, and COMT in the Turkish population. The study included 102 children and adolescents with ADHD, who were categorized as responders, or the adverse effect group based on their treatment response. The Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale evaluated the presence and severity of adverse effects. Saliva sample was taken from the patients and genotype distribution of CES1 rs3815583, CES1 rs2307227, LPHN3 rs6551665, LPHN3 rs1947274, LPHN3 rs6858066, LPHN3 rs2345039, and COMT rs4680 were examined. In the adverse effect group, instances of carrying the GG genotype in CES1 rs2307227, having G vs. T genotype and GG vs. GT were significantly higher. In LPHN3 rs2345039, carrying the C genotype vs. G was associated with a serious adverse effect. In COMT rs4680, individuals with the AA or GG genotype were significantly higher in the adverse effect group. Our study suggests a relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the side effect status in children receiving MPH.</p

Replenishment Cycle Inventory Policies with Non-Stationary Stochastic Demand

Inventory control problems constitute one of the most important research problems due to their connection with real life applications. Naturally, real life is full of uncertainty so are the most of the inventory problems. Unfortunately, it is a very challenging task to manage inventories effectively especially under uncertainty. This dissertation mainly deals with single-item, periodic review, and stochastic dynamic inventory control problems particularly on replenishment cycle control rule known as the (R, S) policy. Contribution of this thesis is multiold. In each chapter a particular research question is investigated. At the end of the day, we will be showing that non-stationary (R, S) policies are indispensable not only for its cost efficiency but its effectiveness and practicality. More specifically, the non-stationary (R, S) policy provides a convenient, efficient, effective, and modular solution for non-stationary stochastic inventory control problems

A space-time Chebyshev spectral collocation method for the reaction–dispersion equations with anti-kink-type waves

The aim of this work is to provide an efficient technique for numerical solutions of the reaction–dispersion equations including convection and diffusion. The Chebyshev spectral collocation method (ChSCM) is used in both space and time to exhibit anti-kink-type waves that appear as the result of the proposed model equations. It is shown that the revealed solutions are promising to efficiently catch such challenging physical behavior. Quantitative convergence results in both time and space are illustrated for the reaction–dispersion problems. </jats:p