ROLE OF HOST PLANT VOLATILES IN MATE LOCATION, AND OTHER ASPECTS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE POTATO APHID, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE

In late summer, diecious aphids, such as the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, move from their secondary summer host plants to primary ones when the sexual oviparae lay eggs that can survive winter conditions. I tested the hypothesis that primary host Rosacea sp, volatiles attract the gynoparae (the alate morph that produces oviparae), as well as males searching for suitable mates. In wind tunnel assays, both gynoparae and males oriented to and reached rose (Rosa rugosa) cuttings significantly more than to other odour sources including potato (Solarium tuberosum), a major secondary host. Volatiles from rose cuttings alone were as attractive to males as those with a calling virgin oviparous female. I also tested the hypothesis that the production of wings and mode of reproduction (asexual versus sexual) would be costly and be reflected in overall reproductive output. The fecundity of apterous and alate asexual and sexual morphs varied significantly. Those who produced wings and those involved in the switch from asexual to sexual reproduction being significantly lower than summer asexual individuals. These differences are discussed within the context of the tradeoff between movement and reproduction

Bt Corn Farmer Compliance with Insect Resistance Management Requirements: Results from the 2002 Minnesota and Wisconsin Farm Polls

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reregistered Bt corn in 2001 with mandatory Insect Resistance Management (IRM) requirements in order to promote sustainable use by farmers. Since then studies report IRM compliance rates ranging from 80 to 90 percent. Using survey data from Minnesota and Wisconsin, we show that previous compliance rate estimates are likely too high because they do not use a comprehensive measure for compliance. With a more comprehensive measure, we find compliance rates ranging between 60 to 75 percent.Bt corn, compliance, Insect Resistance Management, refuge, Crop Production/Industries,

The Nuclear Uncanny in Oceania

This article analyses the unsettling effects of the nuclear age in contemporary Ocean ia. Through a reading of James George’s Ocean Roads (2006), a novel that incorporates nuclear legacies into the Māori kinship system of whakapapa, I show how Māori epistemologies become a vital resource for the Indigenous Pacific as it faces the long-term legacies of nuclear colonialism

Impossible Futures: Fictions of Risk in the Longue Durée

This essay intervenes in current ecocritical debates about the relationship between fiction and environmental risk by analyzing the limits of risk theory in the deep time of the Anthropocene. Although contemporary ecocriticism argues that we must move from apocalyptic depictions of risk to realistic ones, this essay examines fictions of nuclear waste commissioned by the Department of Energy to show that a risk-based realism is used to maintain the status quo of settler colonialism. It then turns to a countermodeling of the futures of nuclear waste by Leslie Marmon Silko in Almanac of the Dead (1991), where uranium’s longue durée future, impossible to imagine from a human perspective, recasts the present as a space in which the unlikely, implausible, and unrealistic saturate the everyday. For Silko, the apocalyptic futurelessness that nuclear waste seeds into our present is a vital formal resource for unsettling colonial realism in the contemporary United States. This article was awarded an honorable mention for the 1921 Prize in American Literature in 2017, for the best article in any field of American literature. [Duke University Press generously grants journal article authors “the right to post the Author’s own versions (but not the Publisher’s versions) on the Author’s personal website, in the Author’s university repository, and in other open access repositories (noncommercial, and must not directly compete with Duke University Press), with copyright and source information provided along with a link to the published version as soon as it is available.” This article appears in American Literature 89.4 (December 2017): 761-789. Provided here is the author’s final version submitted to American Literature before final copyedits, and it is not intended for citation. Please see the published version at https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-literature/article-abstract/89/4/761/132823/Impossible-Futures-Fictions-of-Risk-in-the-Longue?redirectedFrom=fulltext .

Internalizing Symptoms Associated with Emotional Abuse: An Examination of Religious Social Support as a Moderating Variable

Emotional abuse in childhood is linked to an increased risk for internalizing symptoms such as depression and anxiety in adulthood. Religious social support offers a promising defense in maintaining mental well-being in the face of trauma. This study aims to investigate if religious social support in childhood will moderate the impact of negative outcomes associated with emotional abuse. Further, this study will examine whether and how gender and ethnicity impact this relationship. The sample includes undergraduate students attending East Tennessee State University, located in the southeastern United States (n = 471, 73% female, 11% African American, M age = 20.37, SD = 4.84). Participants completed an online survey that asked about childhood experiences (e.g., emotional abuse, emotion socialization, religious social support) as well as current mental health (e.g., anxiety, depression). Data was analyzed using Statistical Software for the Social Sciences. Bivariate relations were examined through Pearson’s correlations and moderated moderation was tested via the Hayes Process Macro (version 3.0, Model 3). Results indicated that religious social support from childhood was negatively related to depression and anxiety whereas negative religious experiences from childhood were positively related to depression and anxiety. Harsh emotion parenting from childhood was positively related to depression and anxiety in adulthood. Results did not find support for moderated moderation for predicting depression or anxiety. Chi-squared indicated no significant differences in the percentage of individuals who endorsed childhood emotional abuse due to ethnicity, gender, or the interaction of gender and ethnicity. Future research would benefit from longitudinal designs that follow children across time to better understand whether and how religious social support may be a buffer for emotional abuse experienced in childhood

An Analysis of ADA Title I Allegations of Workplace Discrimination as Filed with the EEOC by Persons with Mental Illness

ABSTRACT AN ANALYSIS OF ADA TITLE I ALLEGATIONS OF WORKPLACE DISCRIMINATION AS FILED WITH THE EEOC BY PERSONS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS Jessica Erin Hurley A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Health Related Sciences—Rehabilitation Leadership Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Dissertation Chair: Brian T. McMahon, Ph.D., CRC This study explores employment discrimination as experienced by persons with mental illness who filed allegations under Title I (the employment provisions) of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. The entire universe of employment discrimination allegations filed under Title I of the ADA from July 26, 1992 (its first effective date) until the present is maintained by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in a database named the Intermission System (IMS). This database contains over 2 million allegations of workplace discrimination filed not only under Title I of the ADA, but also under all statutes in its jurisdiction. From the IMS, two extractions containing ADA Title I allegations only and ranging from July 26,1992 through December 31, 2008 [the last date before the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA) of 2008 went into effect] were made: the first including all Title I allegations for all impairments, not just mental illness (402,291); and the second containing only those Title I allegations filed by persons with mental illness (56,846 total: depression (25,375); unknown mental illness (11,977); anxiety disorder (10,370); bipolar disorder (7,675); and schizophrenia 1,449). Using nonparametric tests of proportion, each group of allegations is compared to the balance of mental illness allegations that is left once the group of allegations is removed. In addition, each group individually, as well as the complete group of all mental illness allegations, is evaluated with an exploratory technique called the Exhaustive Chi Squared Interaction Detector. Lastly, findings are provided and implications for employees, employers, rehabilitation professionals, policy makers, and future researchers are discussed

Gender, Disability, and ADA Title I Employment Discrimination: A Comparison of Male and Female Charging Party Characteristics: The National EEOC ADA Research Project

Demographic characteristics of female charging parties in comparison to males who filed allegations of workplace discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act were examined using a secondary database maintained by the United States’ Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Findings indicated that charging parties have distinct profiles related to demographic characteristics

Sensitization of the Trigeminovascular System following Environmental Irritant Exposure

Background Air pollution is linked to increased emergency room visits for headache, and migraine patients frequently cite chemicals or odors as headache triggers, but the association between air pollutants and headache is not well understood. We previously reported that nasal administration of environmental irritants acutely increases meningeal blood flow via a TRPA1-dependent mechanism involving the trigeminovascular system. Here, we examine whether chronic environmental irritant exposure sensitizes the trigeminovascular system. Methods Male rats were exposed to acrolein, a TRPA1 agonist, or room air by inhalation for four days prior to meningeal blood flow measurements. Some animals were injected daily with a TRPA1 antagonist, AP-18, or vehicle prior to inhalation exposure. Trigeminal ganglia were isolated following blood flow measurements for immunocytochemistry and/or qPCR determination of TRPV1, TRPA1 and CGRP levels. Results Acrolein inhalation exposure potentiated blood flow responses both to TRPA1 and TRPV1 agonists compared to room air. Acrolein exposure did not alter TRPV1 or TRPA1 mRNA levels or TRPV1 or CGRP immunoreactive cell counts in the trigeminal ganglion. Acrolein sensitization of trigeminovascular responses to a TRPA1 agonist was attenuated by pre-treatment with AP-18. Interpretation These results suggest trigeminovascular sensitization as a mechanism for enhanced headache susceptibility after chemical exposure

The Effects of the Attacks of 9/11 on Organizational Policies, Employee Attitudes and Workers’ Psychological States

Problem statement: The attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11) on the United States have had a profound effect on organizations and their employees. These effects occurred in the days and weeks immediately following the attacks, as well as in the years since the attacks occurred. In commemoration of the tenth anniversary of 9/11, this study focuses on the impact that the attacks of September 11, 2001 have had on organizational policies, employee attitudes and workers’ psychological states. Approach: Managers were surveyed regarding the effects of 9/11 on these issues. Results: The results of the study indicate that there was an immediate impact of the attacks on most of these issues. However, the results also suggest that the impact of these effects diminished over time. The results also varied by the size of the company with larger firms making more changes to their organizational policies than smaller firms. Conclusion: The effect of the attacks of 9/11 on organizational policies, employee attitudes and workers’ psychological states may be felt for several years and should be investigated in future studies