314 research outputs found
A circuit-theoretic approach to the design of quadruple-mode broadband microstrip patch antennas
A novel method for the design of broadband patch antennas is described. The approach taken is to broadside couple two dual-mode patch antennas, resulting in a quad resonance antenna. The equivalent circuit of the antenna is similar to that of microwave filters, thus filter design techniques maybe employed to synthesize the antenna to obtain maximum return-loss bandwidth. This is the first time an increase in the bandwidth is achieved on a relatively thin substrate antenna as a result of coupling four resonant modes using two stacked circular microstrip patches. Electromagnetic simulation and measured results demonstrate bandwidth improvement of over four times that of a single-mode design
ThreeĂą dimensional imaging of shear bands in bulk metallic glass composites
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134811/1/jmi12443_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134811/2/jmi12443.pd
PAM50 molecular intrinsic subtypes in the nurses' health Study cohorts
Background: Modified median and subgroup-specific gene subtypes by PAM50 and IHC surrogates improved to fair centering are two essential preprocessing methods to assign when Luminal subtypes were grouped together. Using the breast cancer molecular subtypes by PAM50. We evaluated the modified median method, our study consisted of 46% PAM50 subtypes derived from both methods in a subset of Luminal A, 18% Luminal B, 14% HER2-enriched, 15% Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII participants; correlat-Basal-like, and 8% Normal-like subtypes; 53% of tumor-ed tumor subtypes by PAM50 with IHC surrogates; and adjacent tissues were Normal-like. Women with the Basal-characterized the PAM50 subtype distribution, proliferation like subtype had a higher rate of relapse within 5 years. scores, and risk of relapse with proliferation and tumor size HER2-enriched subtypes had poorer outcomes prior to weighted (ROR-PT) scores in the NHS/NHSII. 1999. Methods: PAM50 subtypes, proliferation scores, and Conclusions: Either preprocessing method may be uti-ROR-PT scores were calculated for 882 invasive breast tumors lized to derive PAM50 subtypes for future studies. The and 695 histologically normal tumor-adjacent tissues. Cox majority of NHS/NHSII tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues proportional hazards models evaluated the relationship were classified as Luminal A and Normal-like, respectively. between PAM50 subtypes or ROR-PT scores/groups with Impact: Preprocessing methods are important for the recurrence-free survival (RFS) or distant RFS. accurate assignment of PAM50 subtypes. These data provide Results: PAM50 subtypes were highly comparable evidence that either preprocessing method can be used in between the two methods. The agreement between tumor epidemiologic studies
HI in the Outskirts of Nearby Galaxies
The HI in disk galaxies frequently extends beyond the optical image, and can
trace the dark matter there. I briefly highlight the history of high spatial
resolution HI imaging, the contribution it made to the dark matter problem, and
the current tension between several dynamical methods to break the disk-halo
degeneracy. I then turn to the flaring problem, which could in principle probe
the shape of the dark halo. Instead, however, a lot of attention is now devoted
to understanding the role of gas accretion via galactic fountains. The current
cold dark matter theory has problems on galactic scales, such as
the core-cusp problem, which can be addressed with HI observations of dwarf
galaxies. For a similar range in rotation velocities, galaxies of type Sd have
thin disks, while those of type Im are much thicker. After a few comments on
modified Newtonian dynamics and on irregular galaxies, I close with statistics
on the HI extent of galaxies.Comment: 38 pages, 17 figures, invited review, book chapter in "Outskirts of
Galaxies", Eds. J. H. Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and
Space Science Library, Springer, in pres
Forest Biodiversity Assessment in Peruvian Andean Montane Cloud Forest
Cloud forests are unusual and fragile habitats, being one of the least studied and least understood ecosystems. The tropical Andean dominion is considered one of the most significant places in the world as rega rds biological diversity, with a very high level of endemism. The biodiversity was analysed in an isolated remnant area of a tropical montane cloud forest known as the ?Bosque de Neblina de Cuyas?, in the North of the Peruvian Andean range. Composition, structure and dead wood were measured or estimated. The values obtained were compared with other cloud forests. The study revealed a high level of forest biodiversity, although the level of biodiversity differs from one area to another: in the inner areas, where human pressure is almost inexistent, the biodiversity values increase. The high species richness and the low dominance among species bear testimony to this montane cloud forest as a real enclave of biodiversity
The Similarity Hypothesis in General Relativity
Self-similar models are important in general relativity and other fundamental
theories. In this paper we shall discuss the ``similarity hypothesis'', which
asserts that under a variety of physical circumstances solutions of these
theories will naturally evolve to a self-similar form. We will find there is
good evidence for this in the context of both spatially homogenous and
inhomogeneous cosmological models, although in some cases the self-similar
model is only an intermediate attractor. There are also a wide variety of
situations, including critical pheneomena, in which spherically symmetric
models tend towards self-similarity. However, this does not happen in all cases
and it is it is important to understand the prerequisites for the conjecture.Comment: to be submitted to Gen. Rel. Gra
Molecular mechanisms linking high body mass index to breast cancer etiology in post-menopausal breast tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues
Purpose: In post-menopausal women, high body mass index (BMI) is an established breast cancer risk factor and is associated with worse breast cancer prognosis. We assessed the associations between BMI and gene expression of both breast tumor and adjacent tissue in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and estrogen receptor-negative (ERâ) diseases to help elucidate the mechanisms linking obesity with breast cancer biology in 519 post-menopausal women from the Nursesâ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Methods: Differential gene expression was analyzed separately in ER+ and ERâ disease both comparing overweight (BMI â„ 25 to < 30) or obese (BMI â„ 30) women to women with normal BMI (BMI< 25), and per 5 kg/m 2 increase in BMI. Analyses controlled for age and year of diagnosis, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and hormone therapy use. Gene set enrichment analyses were performed and validated among a subset of post-menopausal cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (for tumor) and Polish Breast Cancer Study (for tumor-adjacent). Results: No gene was differentially expressed by BMI (FDR < 0.05). BMI was significantly associated with increased cellular proliferation pathways, particularly in ER+ tumors, and increased inflammation pathways in ERâ tumor and ERâ tumor-adjacent tissues (FDR < 0.05). High BMI was associated with upregulation of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ER+ tumor-adjacent tissues. Conclusions: This study provides insights into molecular mechanisms of BMI influencing post-menopausal breast cancer biology. Tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues provide independent information about potential mechanisms
Cuatro nuevas especies del grupo Drosophila onychophora (Diptera, Drosophilidae) en el Parque ArqueolĂłgico Rumipamba, Pichincha, Ecuador
Development of fixed-time artificial insemination protocols for locally adapted Curraleiro PĂ©-Duro cows
INFLUĂNCIA DE DIVERSOS SUBSTRATOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE MARACUJAZEIRO AZEDO (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa DEG)
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