Increasing Students’ Understanding of the Simple Past Tense Using Discovery Learning at VII grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul in Academic Year 2017/218

The purpose of this research is to know whether students\u27 understanding of the simple past tense could be increased by discovery learning. This research was conducted at VII grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul in Academic Year 2017/218.which consisted of 36 students as respondent. This research used Classroom Action Research (CAR) method in solving the students\u27 problem in understanding of the simple past tense. The researcher used the Kurt Lewin\u27s model that consists of four phases, planning, acting, observing and reflecting. There are two kinds of data in this research, namely quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data can be derived from the test result. Besides, the qualitative data can be derived from the observation, interview and field notes. In analyzing the data, the researcher used descriptive analysis and statistic analysis to know the result of the implementation the Classroom Action Research (CAR) to the students. The result of this study showed that the students\u27 progress during teaching and learning process using discovery learning to increase the students\u27 understanding of the simple past tense was good. It was proved by three data results, first, from the observation result, it showed that the students were more motivated, active and interested in learning simple past tense in the classroom. Second, from interview result, it could be seen that students\u27 skill in understanding of the simple past tense has improved than before in which suitable with interview result with the English teacher. Last, from the test result. It consisted of three tests, namely pretest, posttest 1 and posttest 2. There was found 22.78 point of improvement of students\u27 mean score after using discovery learning. The mean score of the pre-test was 48.19. There were only 8.33% of the whole students who could pass Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Then the mean score of posttest 1 was 59.86. The percentage of students was 33.33% who could get the score above Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Next, the mean score of posttest 2 was 70.97. In this test, there were 77.78% students who got the score above Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM)

The Use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by The Students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar in Academic Year of 2013 - 2014

This study is mainly aimed at finding: (1) The students’ ability in writing of phrases in recount text, (2) The types of phrases usually used in recount text by each the student, (3) The constructions of phrase used by the students. The study was carried out at SMA N 1 Karanganyar. The method used was a qualitative descriptive study. This research is conducted to analyze the students’ skills in using phrases in writing recount text. The population of this study was tenth grade students of SMA N 1 Karanganyar in the academic year 2013/2014. The writer took 35 students as the sample by using simple random sampling. In collecting the data, the writer used a writing diary test in the form of essay test. They used some phrases in their writing test. Based on the findings, it is concluded that (1) The ability of the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar in academic 2013/2014 in using phrases was good. Their ability was 80%. (2) The tenth grade students of SMA N 1 Karanganyar in academic 2013/2014 used some types of phrases in writing recount text. Namely noun phrase, verb phrase, Adjective phrase, Adverb phrase, and preposition Phrase. The total correctly phrases were 606 and 154 incorrectly. So, we can conclude here that the tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar used 760 phrases in writing recount text. (3) The researcher found some constructions of phrases such as the construction of Noun Phrase, Verb Phrase, Adjective Phrase, Adverb Phrase and Preposition Phrase used by the tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar in writing recount text. They used 7 constructions of noun phrase, two constructions of verb phrase, adverb phrase and preposition phrase, while they used three constructions of adjective phrase

The Acquisition of WH Question by EFL Students' Learning English as a Foreign Language

This study aims to describe the acquisition of wh question by EFL students’ learning English as a Foreign Language. Especially to describe the patterns of question written by the students of the seventh and the ninth grade students of junior high school and the eleventh grade students of senior high school. Then the development patterns of question between three of them. The method of this study was qualitative and cross-sectional study. The riter analyzed the patterns of question written by the seventh grade, the ninth grade, and the eleventh grade students. Then the writer combined the theory by Dulay et al (1982: 128) and Freeman-Larsen (1991: 93). The writer found that there are three stages of the development pattern of question: Stage two: Uninverted WH (+/- aux.). “wh question + S + verb”. Step three: The early auxiliaries. “wh question + unanalyzed to be + S + verb”. Stage four: The learner reaches the full target system. “wh question + analyzed to be + S + verb”

Global Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Age-Related Differences in Knee Joint Transcriptome during the Development of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice.

Aging and injury are two major risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). Yet, very little is known about how aging and injury interact and contribute to OA pathogenesis. In the present study, we examined age- and injury-related molecular changes in mouse knee joints that could contribute to OA. Using RNA-seq, first we profiled the knee joint transcriptome of 10-week-old, 62-week-old, and 95-week-old mice and found that the expression of several inflammatory-response related genes increased as a result of aging, whereas the expression of several genes involved in cartilage metabolism decreased with age. To determine how aging impacts post-traumatic arthritis (PTOA) development, the right knee joints of 10-week-old and 62-week-old mice were injured using a non-invasive tibial compression injury model and injury-induced structural and molecular changes were assessed. At six-week post-injury, 62-week-old mice displayed significantly more cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation compared with young mice. Although both age groups elicited similar transcriptional responses to injury, 62-week-old mice had higher activation of inflammatory cytokines than 10-week-old mice, whereas cartilage/bone metabolism genes had higher expression in 10-week-old mice, suggesting that the differential expression of these genes might contribute to the differences in PTOA severity observed between these age groups

Adjacency Pairs Analysis In “Red Riding Hood’s” Movie

In our life, we always convey message by two patterns. There are automatic pattern and mix of different sequence pattern. The objectives of this research are to describe the way characters in Red Riding Hood movie show pattern of adjacency pairs and the language function of the utterances forming adjacency pairs in the dialogue. The data are the conversation in Red Riding Hood movie. In collecting the data, the writer applied the documentation and observation. The theories used are the Levinson theory. The several steps are done to analyze the data. In analyzing the conversations to get the pattern of adjacency pairs, the steps are: selecting the movie, download the manuscript of the movie, watching the movie and take a note the dialogues that content directive utterance, identifying the directives utterances that show a pair of statement and response into one data or group. This results show that (1) the patterns of adjacency pairs used in Red Riding Hood movie are: automatic pattern and mix of different sequence, and (2) the language functions used in the dialogue of Red Riding Hood Movie are: request, question, complain, offer, threat, hold

SOST Inhibits Prostate Cancer Invasion.

Inhibitors of Wnt signaling have been shown to be involved in prostate cancer (PC) metastasis; however the role of Sclerostin (Sost) has not yet been explored. Here we show that elevated Wnt signaling derived from Sost deficient osteoblasts promotes PC invasion, while rhSOST has an inhibitory effect. In contrast, rhDKK1 promotes PC elongation and filopodia formation, morphological changes characteristic of an invasive phenotype. Furthermore, rhDKK1 was found to activate canonical Wnt signaling in PC3 cells, suggesting that SOST and DKK1 have opposing roles on Wnt signaling in this context. Gene expression analysis of PC3 cells co-cultured with OBs exhibiting varying amounts of Wnt signaling identified CRIM1 as one of the transcripts upregulated under highly invasive conditions. We found CRIM1 overexpression to also promote cell-invasion. These findings suggest that bone-derived Wnt signaling may enhance PC tropism by promoting CRIM1 expression and facilitating cancer cell invasion and adhesion to bone. We concluded that SOST and DKK1 have opposing effects on PC3 cell invasion and that bone-derived Wnt signaling positively contributes to the invasive phenotypes of PC3 cells by activating CRIM1 expression and facilitating PC-OB physical interaction. As such, we investigated the effects of high concentrations of SOST in vivo. We found that PC3-cells overexpressing SOST injected via the tail vein in NSG mice did not readily metastasize, and those injected intrafemorally had significantly reduced osteolysis, suggesting that targeting the molecular bone environment may influence bone metastatic prognosis in clinical settings

The Difference Of Social Status Reflected In Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol Novel (1843): A Marxist Approach

The major problem of this study is to reveal how the difference of social status is reflected in A Christmas Carol novel. The study focuses on the difference of social status. The objective of this study is to analyze the novel based on its structural elements and a marxist approach. In analysis, the researcher uses qualitative method. The object of the study is A Christmas Carol novel written by Charles Dickens. The data sources consist of primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source is A Christmas Carol novel itself and the secondary data sources are the other sources related to the primary data such as the information about author’s biography, information of England country, and the other relevant information to analyze of this research. The method of the data collection are reading the novel, browsing to the internet, indentifying the problem and the finding the data, taking notes the important data, arranging the data based on category of elements of literature review, and the last is drawing conclusion and suggestion based on the analysis of the data. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis. The outcome of the study is shown in the following conclusion and suggestion. First, Charles Dickens wants to describe that miserly people, do not care with the poor and worship to money. Second, based on marxist analysis, Charles Dickens wants to reflect that the difference of social status that happens in a society is not problem because Christmas day is a happy day

THE SOCIAL CONFLICT OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE REFLECTED IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE IS DRAMA THE LIFE AND THE DEATH OF KING JOHN (1959): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH.

This study is about social conflict of England and France. The problem statement of the study is “how the social conflict of England and French is reflected At William Shakespeare Drama The Life and The Death of King John Drama (1959)”. In this research, the objectives of the study are to describe The Life and The Death of King John (1959) based on structural elements and to analyze social conflict reflected in the play’ The Life and The Death of King John (1959) drama based on sociological perspective. The object of the study is social conflict of England and French is reflected At William Shakespeare Drama The Life And The Death Of King John Drama (1959). It is analyzed using sociological perspective by using qualitative research types. There are two types of data sources they are: The primary data source is The Life And The Death Of King John Drama (1959) by William Shakespear; and secondary data sources are the other sources related with this study such as books, website and other source that support this study. The results of this study show the following conclusion: first, based on structural analysis Shakespeare delivers message that loving our country can give spirit to success. Second, social conflict that appears in the play The Life and Death of King John drama shows from internal conflict between King John with Constance and Arthur, that grab the throne

A Descriptive Study On Teaching Vocabulary Using Multimedia At The Seventh Grade Students Of SMP N 1 Tawangharjo Grobogan In 2012/2013 Academic Year

This research paper aims at (1) describing the implementation teaching vocabulary using multimedia at the seventh grade students of SMP N 1 Tawangharjo Grobogan, (2) describing the problem faced of teaching vocabulary using multimedia at the seventh grade students of SMP N 1 Tawangharjo Grobogan, (3) knowing how the students respond the teaching vocabulary using multimedia at the seventh grade students of SMP N 1 Tawangharjo Grobogan. This is a descriptive qualitative research. The object of research is the process of teaching vocabulary using multimedia at SMP N 1 Tawangharjo Grobogan at the seventh grade students in 2012/2013 academy year. The methods of collecting data are observation, interview and document. The data are taken from the result of observation and interview after using multimedia in the teaching vocabulary. The result of this research shows that the implementation of teaching vocabulary using multimedia has a good result for the development in the students’ vocabulary. The problems faced by the teacher in teaching writing are class management, difficulties in searching pictures related to the material, different capability of the students, and unstable motivation of the students. Based on the interview to the students, teaching vocabulary using multimedia get positive comments from students. They are not bored, but more enthusiastic to follow the teaching-learning process. The students look braver and more confident

Implementation of Scientific Approach for Teaching English at SMA Negeri 1 Baturetno in 2014/2015 Academic Year

This research is aimed at observing teaching of English at SMA Negeri 1 Baturetno in 2014/2015 academic year. The objectives of the study are to describe and to explain the implementation of scientific approach for teaching English at SMA Negeri 1 Baturetno. The type of the study is descriptive qualitative research especially naturalistic approach. In this research, the data derived from event, informant, and field note. There are three techniques of collecting data, namely: observation, interview and documentation. Techniques for analyzing data are reduction of the data, display of data, and conclusion or verification. The results of the study are: (1) There are general learning objective and specific learning objective in teaching English. (2) Classroom procedure used Observing, Questioning, Experimenting, Associating, Communicating, with different patterns. (3) Classroom techniques used in teaching English are reading with understanding, reading comprehension, grouping, questioning session, discussion, role-play, and exercise modelling. (4). The roles of instructional materials are as a source of activities for learner practice and communicative interaction, as a reference source for learners on grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, etc, as a syllabus, a source of stimulation and ideas for classroom language activities, and a resource for self directed learning or self-access work. (5) The English teacher roles are as facilitator, manager, explainer, source of knowledge, inquiry controller, and group organizer. (6) The learner roles are as the member of a group, as the tutor of other learners, the learner learns from English source, English teacher, other teaching sources, and other students. (7) The medias used by the English teachers are over head projector (OHP), board, laptop, and video. (8) The assessments are conducted in authentic assessment, daily test, portfolio based-assessment, and midterm test. Keywords: scientific approach, teaching of English, learning Englis