Osteogenic preconditioning in perfusion bioreactors improves vascularization and bone formation by human bone marrow aspirates.

Cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a niche to promote osteogenic differentiation, cell adhesion, survival, and trophic factor secretion. To determine whether osteogenic preconditioning would improve the bone-forming potential of unfractionated bone marrow aspirate (BMA), we perfused cells on ECM-coated scaffolds to generate naïve and preconditioned constructs, respectively. The composition of cells selected from BMA was distinct on each scaffold. Naïve constructs exhibited robust proangiogenic potential in vitro, while preconditioned scaffolds contained more mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) and exhibited an osteogenic phenotype. Upon implantation into an orthotopic calvarial defect, BMA-derived ECs were present in vessels in preconditioned implants, resulting in robust perfusion and greater vessel density over the first 14 days compared to naïve implants. After 10 weeks, human ECs and differentiated MSCs were detected in de novo tissues derived from naïve and preconditioned scaffolds. These results demonstrate that bioreactor-based preconditioning augments the bone-forming potential of BMA

Gray-level co-occurrence matrix bone fracture detection

Problem statement: Currently doctors in orthopedic wards inspect the bone x-ray images according to their experience and knowledge in bone fracture analysis. Manual examination of x-rays has multitude drawbacks. The process is time-consuming and subjective. Approach: Since detection of fractures is an important orthopedics and radiologic problem and therefore a Computer Aided Detection(CAD) system should be developed to improve the scenario. In this study, a fracture detection CAD based on GLCM recognition could improve the current manual inspection of x-ray images system. The GLCM for fracture and non-fracture bone is computed and analysis is made. Features of Homogeneity, contrast, energy, correlation are calculated to classify the fractured bone. Results: 30 images of femur fractures have been tested, the result shows that the CAD system can differentiate the x-ray bone into fractured and nonfractured femur. The accuracy obtained from the system is 86.67. Conclusion: The CAD system is proved to be effective in classifying the digital radiograph of bone fracture. However the accuracy rate is not perfect, the performance of this system can be further improved using multiple features of GLCM and future works can be done on classifying the bone into different degree of fracture specifically

Identification of a WNT5A-Responsive Degradation Domain in the Kinesin Superfamily Protein KIF26B.

Noncanonical WNT pathways function independently of the β-catenin transcriptional co-activator to regulate diverse morphogenetic and pathogenic processes. Recent studies showed that noncanonical WNTs, such as WNT5A, can signal the degradation of several downstream effectors, thereby modulating these effectors' cellular activities. The protein domain(s) that mediates the WNT5A-dependent degradation response, however, has not been identified. By coupling protein mutagenesis experiments with a flow cytometry-based degradation reporter assay, we have defined a protein domain in the kinesin superfamily protein KIF26B that is essential for WNT5A-dependent degradation. We found that a human disease-causing KIF26B mutation located at a conserved amino acid within this domain compromises the ability of WNT5A to induce KIF26B degradation. Using pharmacological perturbation, we further uncovered a role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in WNT5A regulation of KIF26B degradation. Lastly, based on the identification of the WNT5A-responsive domain, we developed a new reporter system that allows for efficient profiling of WNT5A-KIF26B signaling activity in both somatic and stem cells. In conclusion, our study identifies a new protein domain that mediates WNT5A-dependent degradation of KIF26B and provides a new tool for functional characterization of noncanonical WNT5A signaling in cells

SOST Inhibits Prostate Cancer Invasion.

Inhibitors of Wnt signaling have been shown to be involved in prostate cancer (PC) metastasis; however the role of Sclerostin (Sost) has not yet been explored. Here we show that elevated Wnt signaling derived from Sost deficient osteoblasts promotes PC invasion, while rhSOST has an inhibitory effect. In contrast, rhDKK1 promotes PC elongation and filopodia formation, morphological changes characteristic of an invasive phenotype. Furthermore, rhDKK1 was found to activate canonical Wnt signaling in PC3 cells, suggesting that SOST and DKK1 have opposing roles on Wnt signaling in this context. Gene expression analysis of PC3 cells co-cultured with OBs exhibiting varying amounts of Wnt signaling identified CRIM1 as one of the transcripts upregulated under highly invasive conditions. We found CRIM1 overexpression to also promote cell-invasion. These findings suggest that bone-derived Wnt signaling may enhance PC tropism by promoting CRIM1 expression and facilitating cancer cell invasion and adhesion to bone. We concluded that SOST and DKK1 have opposing effects on PC3 cell invasion and that bone-derived Wnt signaling positively contributes to the invasive phenotypes of PC3 cells by activating CRIM1 expression and facilitating PC-OB physical interaction. As such, we investigated the effects of high concentrations of SOST in vivo. We found that PC3-cells overexpressing SOST injected via the tail vein in NSG mice did not readily metastasize, and those injected intrafemorally had significantly reduced osteolysis, suggesting that targeting the molecular bone environment may influence bone metastatic prognosis in clinical settings

Pemahaman Genre dalam Ketrampilan Membaca pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Profesi pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Kepariwisataan, Stipar Triatma Jaya, Bali

Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan genre dalam pembelajaran keterampilan membaca pemahaman teks berbahasa Inggris. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca pada mahasiswa Kepariwisataan. Subyek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Manajemen Kepariwisataan (MPW) Diploma III, semester 4, Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata (STIPAR) Triatma Jaya, Badung, Bali, tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 16 orang. Penelitian yang tergolong penelitian eksperimen ini dilakukan dengan memberikan tes terikat atau multiple choise sebanyak 20 soal. Tes tahap ini untuk menentukan pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap 5 jenis genre teks ( report, recount, advertisement, procedure, dan descriptive). Pembelajaran dalam 2 kali pertemuan disajikan sebagai tahap pemantapan pada pemahaman kelima jenis teks tersebut. Tes tahap kedua dilaksanakan dalam bentuk tes menulis karangan bebas dalam kelima kategori genre teks yang disajikan pada pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara. Data dijaring melalui 2 kali tahapan tes dan disajikan dalam bentuk table untuk mendukung paparan descriptive. Tingkat kemampuan mahasiswa dalam mengidentifikasikan genre dari masing-masing teks berbeda-beda yaitu genre recount text 93.75%, advertisement text 87.50%, descriptive text 68.75%, procedure text 43.75%, dan report text 56.25%. Pemerolehan score prosentasi dari setiap genre tersebut mengidentifikasikan bahwa mahasiswa sudah mampu memahami genre recount, descriptive, report dan advertisement. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan prosentase pemerolehan sebanyak 50% s/d 90%. Sedangkan mahasiswa belum mampu dalam mengidentifikasikan genre procedures text, hal ini dibuktikan pada pemerolehan score 43.75%. Jenis genre teks yang lebih mudah dipahami dan ditulis oleh mahasiswa MPW STIPAR Triatma Jaya adalah descriptive text (100%), advertisement text (93.75%), dan recount text (87.50). Peningkatan pemahaman descriptive text dan advertisement text disebabkan oleh penyajian pembelajaran tentang pemahaman genre teks melalui keterampilan membaca pemahaman (reading comprehension). Peningkatan keterampilan membaca pemahaman berhubungan dengan pembelajaran keterampilan menulis

Global Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Age-Related Differences in Knee Joint Transcriptome during the Development of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice.

Aging and injury are two major risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). Yet, very little is known about how aging and injury interact and contribute to OA pathogenesis. In the present study, we examined age- and injury-related molecular changes in mouse knee joints that could contribute to OA. Using RNA-seq, first we profiled the knee joint transcriptome of 10-week-old, 62-week-old, and 95-week-old mice and found that the expression of several inflammatory-response related genes increased as a result of aging, whereas the expression of several genes involved in cartilage metabolism decreased with age. To determine how aging impacts post-traumatic arthritis (PTOA) development, the right knee joints of 10-week-old and 62-week-old mice were injured using a non-invasive tibial compression injury model and injury-induced structural and molecular changes were assessed. At six-week post-injury, 62-week-old mice displayed significantly more cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation compared with young mice. Although both age groups elicited similar transcriptional responses to injury, 62-week-old mice had higher activation of inflammatory cytokines than 10-week-old mice, whereas cartilage/bone metabolism genes had higher expression in 10-week-old mice, suggesting that the differential expression of these genes might contribute to the differences in PTOA severity observed between these age groups

Methionine Adenosyltransferase 1a (MAT1A) Enhances Cell Survival During Chemotherapy Treatment and is Associated with Drug Resistance in Bladder Cancer PDX Mice.

Bladder cancer is among the top ten most common cancers, with about ~380,000 new cases and ~150,000 deaths per year worldwide. Tumor relapse following chemotherapy treatment has long been a significant challenge towards completely curing cancer. We have utilized a patient-derived bladder cancer xenograft (PDX) platform to characterize molecular mechanisms that contribute to relapse following drug treatment in advanced bladder cancer. Transcriptomic profiling of bladder cancer xenograft tumors by RNA-sequencing analysis, before and after relapse, following a 21-day cisplatin/gemcitabine drug treatment regimen identified methionine adenosyltransferase 1a (MAT1A) as one of the significantly upregulated genes following drug treatment. Survey of patient tumor sections confirmed elevated levels of MAT1A in individuals who received chemotherapy. Overexpression of MAT1A in 5637 bladder cancer cells increased tolerance to gemcitabine and stalled cell proliferation rates, suggesting MAT1A upregulation as a potential mechanism by which bladder cancer cells persist in a quiescent state to evade chemotherapy

Impoliteness Used in Action Movies

Pragmatics is the study of meaning that is using non-linguistics knowledge by considering the intentions of the utterance, the context, and the social world. Impoliteness is a communicative strategies with the opposite orientation, that of attacking one's interlocutor and causing disharmony. In simple definition, impoliteness can be interpreted as rudeness. However, Culpeper’s suggestion is that impoliteness is intentional while rudeness is unintentional negative behavior. This paper studies the impoliteness strategies used in action movies. This research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research are the excerpts of conversation which are produced by all the characters with containing impoliteness strategy in action movies. The movies are chosen is “Die Hard 3 (1995)” and “The Expendables (2010)”. The impoliteness work used by the characters of the movie is analyzed using impoliteness strategies proposed by Culpeper (1996), and it’s analyzed again by Kasper theory and Halliday theory (1985) to find out the pragmalinguistic form and the social aspect of contextual meaning in impoliteness strategies founded. The result of the study shows that impoliteness strategy which is used is bald-on record, positive impoliteness, and negative impoliteness that are 94 cases

Equivalent circuit modeling to design a dual-band dual linear-to-circular polarizer surface

The working principle of a thin dual-band dual-linear to circular polarizer is presented here. This polarizer not only converts incident linearly polarized (LP) waves to circularly polarized (CP) waves in two frequency bands, but it also reverses the handedness of each signal. The electromagnetic behavior of the cell is carefully analyzed and two equivalent circuit models (ECMs) are presented to model the responses of the cell to linearly polarized waves at normal incidence. The ECMs show how utilizing interlayer coupling can be leveraged to achieve reversed CP senses in two bands using a compact design. Analytical formulas are presented to provide initial values of the ECM components including the mutual coupling inductances. We present measurement results that agree well with the full-wave simulation and the ECM results, thus validating the proposed ECM model.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

An Analysis Of Sense Based Sentences In One Half Love Comic

This research deals with sense based sentences in One Half Love Comic. The aims of this research are to describe the type of sense based sentences and to describe the illocutionary act of sense based sentences found in One Half Love Comic. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The researcher uses One Half Love Comic as the data source. The data of this research are simple declarative sentences. The researcher employs documentation as the method of collecting data with the techniques: reading, underlying, identifying and classifying the data. In analyzing the data, the writer describe the type of sense based sentences found in One Half Love Comic by referring to the theory of sense properties of sentences by Hurford and Heasley (1983) and describing illocutionary act of sense based sentences by Peccei (1999). The result of this research shows that there are three types of sense based sentences from the thirty seven data (100%) found in one half comic. They are analytic sentence (1 datum/ 2, 70%), synthetic sentence (31 data/ 83, 79%), and contradiction sentence (5 data/ 13, 51%). The illocutionary act is Amazing, Requesting, Confusing, Warning, Informing, Supporting, Surprising, Worrying, Promising, Persuading, want, Shocking, Knowing, Annoying, Regretting, Lying, Convincing, Up to, Asking, Suggesting, Proud and commanding