The exploration for e-commerce sustainable marketing

E-commerce marketing plays an important role in the development of e-commerce. However, many e-commerce marketing types are obscure, excessive and exaggerated. If some consumers buy and use inappropriate products or services, the consumers may suffer from greater losses. As a result, these marketing types are not sustainable, and also hinder the development of e-commerce. Research on optimizing and restructuring the e-commerce marketing has important practical significance. The article analyzes and studies existing e-commerce marketing according to the interests of all parties and aim to result in a win-win situation. We introduce the ideas and methods from the Business Process Reengineering (BPR) to optimize and restructure e-commerce marketing. Finally, we discuss the characteristics, content and process of the e-commerce sustainable marketing and give some discussions on its real applications

A joint optimal policy of inspection and age based replacement based on a three-stage failure process

Preventive maintenance (PM) and condition-based maintenance (CBM) are two dominant maintenance policies in industrial applications. Inspection activities are the foundation of PM and CBM policies as to provide the operating information of system through processing the collected vibration data. Age based replacement is one of the most used preventive maintenance policy aiming at avoiding unplanned downtime and higher failure loss. This paper proposes a joint optimal policy of inspection and age based replacement based on a three-stage failure process for a single component system. The three-stage failure process, which is closer to reality, divides the failure process of system into three stages: namely normal, minor defective and severe defective. When the severe defective stage is identified, maintenance action is carried out immediately. The system is replaced once it reaches certain age. However, two potential actions are considered and analyzed in this paper when the minor defective stage is identified: halving the subsequent inspection interval or replacing the item immediately. As inspection may not be perfect because of the complexity of plant items, both perfect and imperfect inspection cases are considered. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed models

INFLUENCE OF PANEL ZONE SIZES ON ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF H-SHAPED STEEL FRAMES

In order to explore the influence of panel zone sizes on the ultimate bearing capacity of H-shaped steel frames, this study examines a steel frame structure with cross-shaped sections consisting of beams, columns and panel zones based on mechanical equilibrium principles. The area ratio of either side of the flange to the web is taken as the main parameter.The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity ratio curves can be grouped into three types. For the first type, the plastic hinge is formed in the panel zone. For the second type, when Rpcb, the strong column factor, is greater than 1.2, the plastic hinge is formed at the beam end; otherwise the plastic hinge is formed in the panel zone. For the third type, when Rpcb≤0.8, the plastic hinge is formed in the panel zone; otherwise the plastic hinge is formed at the beam end. The ultimate bearing capacity ratio curves of the local section of H-shaped steel largely fall in the first curve type, and the ultimate bearing capacity is larger when the panel zone size is excluded from the calculation than otherwise with the former being one to five times as large as the latter

Factors associated with fatigue in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with antiretroviral drug adverse reactions: a retrospective study

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively study the prevalence of fatigue and factors associated with fatigue among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with antiretroviral drug adverse reactions.MethodsData were collected from case report forms (CRFs) for a project funded by the 11th National 5-year Special Science and Technology Program on Major Infectious Diseases. Fatigue was defined by patient self-report. The outcomes were the prevalence of fatigue and the potential risk factors of fatigue. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with fatigue.ResultsAmong the 228 subjects, the prevalence of fatigue was 86.8%. In univariate analysis, the significant differences in demographic characteristics between patients with and without fatigue were: gender [OR=2.29; 95% CI (1.05-4.98)], education level [OR=0.40; 95% CI (0.18-0.85)], anemia [OR=3.80; 95% CI (1.27-11.31)], time of HIV diagnosis [OR= 0.29; 95% CI (0.13-0.65)], and route of infection [OR=0.14; 95% CI (0.06-0.32)]. Abnormal taste and rapid pulse were more commonly seen in patients with fatigue (P<0.05), while abdominal distension and lumbar soreness were encountered less often in patients with fatigue (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the four main factors associated with fatigue were anemia [OR=3.50; 95% CI (1.01-12.15)], route of infection [OR=3.40; 95% CI (1.21-9.58); P=0.02<0.05], lumbar soreness [OR=0.06; 95% CI (0.02-0.18); P=0.000<0.05], and rapid pulse [OR=10.58; 95% CI (2.16-51.75); P=0.004<0.05].ConclusionThis study demonstrated that fatigue is common (86.8% prevalence) in AIDS patients with antiretroviral drug adverse reactions, and that anemia, route of infection (i.e., non-commercial blood donation) and rapid pulse were risk factors, while lumbar soreness was a protective factor related to fatigue. More attention should be paid to fatigue and more efforts should be made to find ways to prevent, control and eliminate this symptom in AIDS patients with antiretroviral drug adverse reactions

Is caffeine intake a risk factor leading to infertility? A protocol of an epidemiological systematic review of controlled clinical studies

Background: Previous studies showed that high dose of caffeine intake may induce some specific human reproductive system diseases, even lead to infertility. Objectives: In consideration of the high consumption of caffeine according to the latest population-based survey, this review is aimed to systematically review the evidence from all controlled clinical studies of caffeine intake for infertility. Designs: Relevant randomized/quasi-randomized controlled trials, non-randomized clinical studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies will be included in this review. Participants will be either those without a history of infertility who are willing to have a baby (for prospective studies) or infertile patients with confirmed diagnosis (for retrospective studies). Caffeine or caffeine-containing beverage will be observed as the exposure factor. The key outcome will be the diagnosis of infertility in participants. All relevant published/unpublished or ongoing studies will be searched from seven databases and four online systems until December 2015. Two authors will screen the literatures and extract the data independently. Methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed by two authors according to either Risk of Bias Assessment or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We will use R software to analyze the data. Dose of caffeine will be quantified on a daily basis, and relative risk with their 95 % confidence interval will be measured. If data permit, meta-analysis and dose-response analysis will be conducted

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of mucinous ovarian cancer

Mucinous ovarian cancer (MOC) is a rare pathological type different from epithelial ovarian cancer, and the clinical treatment should refer to serous ovarian cancer (SOC) guidelines. However, since the clinicopathological features of MOC are significantly different from SOC, careful differentiation is needed in diagnosis and treatment. Surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment for MOC. However, due to the low prevalence rate, it is difficult to carry out clinical trials, hence lacking evidence-based medicine and consensus on the indications of intraoperative appendectomy and the choice of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, further translational preclinical studies of targeted therapy and immunotherapy are needed to facilitate the diagnosis and individualized treatment of MOC

Digestive System of Anourosorex squamipes - Appearance and Morphological Features

Background: Anourosorex squamipes have a wide range of feeding habits, which is a kind of omnivorous animal. As an indispensable part of organisms, the differentiation degree of digestive system indicates the evolution degree of species. The higher the evolution degree of animals, the higher the differentiation of digestive system. At present, the research on Anourosorex squamipes digestive system mainly focuses on its feeding habits and mainly depends on the direct observation of gastric contents with the naked eye, but the research on the morphology of digestive system has not been reported. Materials, Methods &amp; Results: Twenty adult Anourosorex squamipes were selected to investigate the characteristics of the appearance, including the contour parameters (body weight, body length, forefoot length, posterior foot length, nasal length, tail length), digestive system parameters (length of esophagus, intestinal length, intestinal weight, stomach weight and liver weight) and morphological structure of the small intestine by histological methods. The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight, body length, forefoot length, posterior foot length, nasal length and tail length between males and females in Anourosorex squamipes, and no significant differences were observed in parameters of digestive system in length of esophagus, intestinal length, intestinal weight, stomach weight and liver weight. There were no significant differences in villus height, muscular layer thickness and villus height/recess depth (V/C) between males and females, but only ileal crypt depth decreased significantly in males. Discussion: Animal morphological characteristics are closely related to their life habits, unique organs and lifestyles ensure that they thrive on earth. In our study, we found that unique characters are found by observing the appearance of Anourosorex squamipes, the snout is blunt and short, the eyes are degenerated, and the tail is very short and covered with scales, which may be related to its feeding habits, the living environment-long-term nocturnal life in underground with minimal exposure to sunlight, and the unique tail can reduce the friction between tail and soil during the movement. There are certain differences in the appearance parameters of male and female Anourosorex squamipes, but are not significant. The esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver and other parameters of Anourosorex squamipes have little difference between males and females, indicating that Anourosorex squamipes don’t have obvious distinctions between males and females in food intake. However, the liver weight of male Anourosorex squamipes is larger than female, indicating that the physiological metabolic capacity of male is larger than female. It is speculated that this may be related to the difference in the amount of activity between males and females in daily life. Males are more active and require more energy, but their digestion and absorption abilities are weaker than females. Therefore, the male Anourosorex squamipes needs more food to provide energy to meet the daily physiological metabolism, and the larger stomach capacity provides the essential conditions for the male to store more food. In addition, we found that the crypt depth of male Anourosorex squamipes is generally greater than that of females, especially in the ileal crypt depth, indicating that the female’s cell maturation rate is greater than that of the male. It is speculated that the female has a greater demand for nutrient absorption and better digestion and absorption of food, because females need to give birth to offspring and require greater nutrition.   Keywords: Anourosorex squamipes, contour characteristics, digestive system, small intestine

Reconfigurable mechanism generated from the network of Bennett linkages

A network of four Bennett linkages is proposed in this paper. Totally five types of overconstrained 5R and 6R linkages, including the generalized Goldberg 5R linkage, generalized variant of the L-shape Goldberg 6R linkage, Waldron's hybrid 6R linkage, isomerized case of the generalized L-shape Goldberg 6R linkage, and generalized Wohlhart's double-Goldberg 6R linkage, can be constructed by modifying this Bennett network. The 8R linkage formed by Bennett network serves as the basic mechanism to realise the reconfiguration among five types of overconstrained linkages by rigidifying some of the eight joints. The work also reveals the in-depth relationship among the Bennett-based linkages, which provides a substantial advancement in the design of reconfigurable mechanisms using overconstrained linkages