An annotated checklist of bryophytes of Europe, Macaronesia and Cyprus

Introduction. Following on from work on the European bryophyte Red List, the taxonomically and nomenclaturally updated spreadsheets used for that project have been expanded into a new checklist for the bryophytes of Europe. Methods. A steering group of ten European bryologists was convened, and over the course of a year, the spreadsheets were compared with previous European checklists, and all changes noted. Recent literature was searched extensively. A taxonomic system was agreed, and the advice and expertise of many European bryologists sought. Key results. A new European checklist of bryophytes, comprising hornworts, liverworts and mosses, is presented. Fifteen new combinations are proposed. Conclusions. This checklist provides a snapshot of the current European bryophyte flora in 2019. It will already be out-of-date on publication, and further research, particularly molecular work, can be expected to result in many more changes over the next few years.Peer reviewe

A miniature world in decline: European Red List of Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts

AimThis Red List is a summary of the conservation status of the European species of mosses, liverworts and hornworts, collectively known as bryophytes, evaluated according to IUCN’s Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Level. It provides the first comprehensive, region-wide assessment of bryophytes and it identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at a European level, so that appropriate policy measures and conservation actions, based on the best available evidence, can be taken to improve their status.ScopeAll bryophytes native to or naturalised in Europe (a total of 1,817 species), have been included in this Red List. In Europe, 1,796 species were assessed, with the remaining 21 species considered Not Applicable (NA). For the EU 28, 1,728 species were assessed, with a remaining 20 species considered NA and 69 species considered Not Evaluated (NE). The geographical scope is continentwide, extending from Iceland in the west to the Urals in the east, and from Franz Josef Land in the north to theCanary Islands in the south. The Caucasus region is not included. Red List assessments were made at two regional levels: for geographical Europe and for the 28 Member States of the European Union.ResultsOverall, 22.5% of European bryophyte species assessed in this study are considered threatened in Europe, with two species classified as Extinct and six assessed as Regionally Extinct (RE). A further 9.6% (173 species) are considered Near Threatened and 63.5% (1,140 species) are assessed as Least Concern. For 93 species (5.3%), there was insufficient information available to be able to evaluate their risk of extinction and thus they were classified as Data Deficient (DD). The main threats identified were natural system modifications (i.e., dam construction, increases in fire frequency/intensity, and water management/use), climate change (mainly increasing frequency of droughts and temperature extremes), agriculture (including pollution from agricultural effluents) and aquaculture.RecommendationsPolicy measures• Use the European Red List as the scientific basis to inform regional/national lists of rare and threatened species and to identify priorities for conservation action in addition to the requirements of the Habitats Directive, thereby highlighting the conservation status of bryophytes at the regional/local level.• Use the European Red List to support the integration of conservation policy with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other national and international policies. For example, CAP Strategic Plans should include biodiversity recovery commitments that could anticipate, among others, the creation of Important Bryophyte Areas. An increased involvement of national environmental agencies in the preparation of these strategic plans, and more broadly in ongoing discussions on the Future CAP Green Architecture, would likely also ensure the design of conservation measures better tailored to conserve bryophytes in agricultural landscapes.• Update the European Red List every decade to ensure that the data remains current and relevant.• Develop Key Biodiversity Areas for bryophytes in Europe with a view to ensuring adequate site-based protection for bryophytes.Research and monitoring• Use the European Red List as a basis for future targeted fieldwork on possibly extinct and understudied species.• Establish a monitoring programme for targeted species (for example, threatened species and/or arable bryophytes).• Use the European Red List to obtain funding for research into the biology and ecology of key targeted species.Action on the ground• Use the European Red List as evidence to support multi-scale conservation initiatives, including designation of protected areas, reform of agricultural practices and land management, habitat restoration and rewilding, and pollution reduction measures.• Use the European Red List as a tool to target species that would benefit the most from the widespread implementation of the solutions offered by the 1991 Nitrates Directive (Council Directive 91/676/EEC), including the application of correct amounts of nutrients for each crop, only in periods of crop growth under suitable climatic conditions and never during periods of heavy rainfall or on frozen ground, and the creation of buffer zones to protect waters from run-off from the application of fertilizers.Ex situ conservation• Undertake ex situ conservation of species of conservation concern in botanic gardens and spore and gene banks, with a view to reintroduction where appropriate.</p

Présence d'Orthotrichum sprucei Mont. dans le Loir-et-Cher - synthèse des données connues

National audienceAbout 200 trees have been studied as part of the BioMareau II study program. The aim was to compare the epiphytic bryophytes of the Negundo Maple and the Black Poplar in the middle Loire sector. During this study program, Orthotrichum sprucei was discovered in the department of Loir-et-Cher. This species is linked to wet, dynamic and threatened habitats. This isolated observation in the Centre-Val de Loire region is an opportunity to synthesize what is known about Orthotrichum sprucei distribution, ecology and morphology. It seems useful to describe the material of Loir-et-Cher and to compare it with descriptions published in other geographical contexts. Ecological and demographic data available in other French departments and never published make it possible to specify certain aspects which can help the development of conservation measures.Environ 200 arbres ont été étudiés dans le cadre d'un volet du programme d'étude BioMareau II. Le but était de comparer les cortèges de bryophytes épiphytes de l'Érable négundo et du Peuplier noir dans le secteur de Loire moyenne. Au cours de ce programme d'étude, Orthotrichum sprucei a été découvert dans le département du Loir-et-Cher. Cette espèce est inféodée à des habitats humides, dynamiques et menacés. Cette observation isolée dans la région Centre est l'occasion de synthétiser ce qui est connu de la distribution, de l'écologie et de la morphologie d'Orthotrichum sprucei. Il semble utile de décrire le matériel du Loir-et-Cher et de le comparer aux descriptions publiées dans d'autres contextes géographiques. Des données écologiques et démographiques disponibles dans d'autres départements français et jamais publiées permettent de préciser certains aspects qui peuvent aider à la mise en oeuvre de mesures de conservation

Patterning and substrate adhesion efficiencies of solid films photodeposited from the liquid phase

We experimentally and theoretically investigated the patterning and adhesion, always assumed and almost never discussed, of coatings photochemically deposited on substrates from photoactive solutions of different compositions and pHs. Considering the well-known deposition of Cr(III) layers from potassium chromate solutions, we analyzed the morphology and properties of the deposit when induced by two interfering continuous Ar+ laser waves. The solubility, patterning, and adhesion are investigated in both organic (acetic acid) and inorganic (HCl) acidic solutions. The photodeposition process is also compared for several types of substrates usually found in the literature (glass, silanized glass, PMMA, silicon wafer, indium tin oxide (ITO), and stainless steel). We demonstrate the major role played by the interaction between the generated coating and the substrate and propose a strategy to find the best conditions for photochemical deposition from the liquid phase, an approach that is mandatory for any application requiring optical recording developments

New national and regional bryophyte records, 22

International audienc