Detection of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in unexposed renal transplant patients

Background: Recent data demonstrate potentially protective pre-existing T cells reactive against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in samples of healthy blood donors, collected before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Whether pre-existing immunity is also detectable in immunosuppressed patients is currently not known. Methods: Fifty-seven patients were included in this case-control study. We compared the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in the samples of 20 renal transplant (RTx) patients to 20 age/gender matched non-immunosuppressed/immune competent healthy individuals collected before the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Seventeen coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were used as positive controls. T cell reactivity against Spike-, Nucleocapsid-, and Membrane-SARS-CoV-2 proteins were analyzed by multi-parameter flow cytometry. Antibodies were analyzed by neutralization assay. Results: Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells were detected in the majority of unexposed patients and healthy individuals. In RTx patients, 13/20 showed CD4(+) T cells reactive against at least one SARS-CoV-2 protein. CD8(+) T cells reactive against at least one SARS-CoV-2 protein were demonstrated in 12/20 of RTx patients. The frequency and Th1 cytokine expression pattern of pre-formed SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells did not differ between RTx and non-immunosuppressed healthy individuals. Conclusions: This study shows that the magnitude and functionality of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cell in transplant patients is non-inferior compared to the immune competent cohort. Although several pro-inflammatory cytokines were produced by the detected T cells, further studies are required to prove their antiviral protection

Les implications des résultats de la recherche en neurobiologie pour la psychothérapie corporelle:le rôle particulier des émotions

Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, mithilfe aktueller neurobiologischer Konzepte und Forschungsergebnisse die Notwendigkeit eines systematischen Einbezugs des Körpers in psychotherapeutische Behandlungen zu begründen. Psychotherapie wird als Prozess aufgefasst, in dem Veränderung und Wachstum angestrebt werden. Dies geschieht, zieht man neuere Erkenntnisse aus den Neurowissenschaften heran, nur zu einem geringen Teil über kognitive Einsicht, sondern bedarf zusätzlich bedeutsamer emotionaler Erfahrungen innerhalb der therapeutischen Beziehung; außerdem der Labilisierung von automatisierten dysfunktionalen Regulationsmechanismen, sowie der Entwicklung und Einübung von alternativen Reaktionsmöglichkeiten. Die Bioenergetische Analyse und Therapie in der Tradition von Wilhelm Reich und Alexander Lowen verfügt über eine Fülle entsprechender Techniken.Anhand von drei konkreten Beispielen wird ein Einblick in einfache körperpsychotherapeutische Übungen gegeben, die selbstverständlich nie losgelöst, sondern immer im Kontext einer konkreten therapeutischen Beziehung unter Beachtung von Übertragungs- und Gegenübertragungs-Aspekten, das Einverständnis der betreffenden Patientinnen vorausgesetzt, zur Anwendung kommen.Schlüsselwörter:Psychotherapie; Neurobiologie; Bioenergetische Analyse und Therapie; Zentrales und peripheres Nervensystem; Emotionen; Regulationsmechanismen.Contemporary neurobiological theory and research indicate the necessity to systematically integrate the human body in psychotherapeutic treatment. Psychotherapy is conceived as a process heading for growth and change. According to recent findings from neurobiological research, the process of growth and change in psychotherapy is only to a minor extent achieved by cognitive insight. Growth and change require significant emotional experiences within a therapeutic relationship, the destabilization of automated dysfunctional regulatory mechanisms, the implementation and rehearsal of alternative reactions and behaviors. Bioenergetic analysis, rooted in psychoanalysis and in the tradition of Wilhelm Reich and Alexander Lowen, has explored the complex relationship between body and mind and has developed a great variety of body-oriented techniques. Experiential data has been assigned priority over objective measurements. Three experiential situations are described utilizing body-psychotherapeutic techniques. In psychotherapeutic settings the application of these techniques requires the patients' informed consent and considerations of the relational context and of transference and countertransference aspects.Key words:Psychotherapy; Neurobiology; Bioenergetic analysis; Emotion; Regulation mechanisms; Central and peripheral nervous systemCette contribution vise à montrer que le corps devrait être systématiquement inclus dans les traitements psychothérapeutiques sur la base des concepts et résultats récemment issus de la neurobiologie. La psychothérapie est conçue ici comme un processus visant à apporter un changement et un développement. Si l'on tient compte des connaissances acquises en neurosciences, on se rend compte que seule une petite partie de cette démarche peut s'effectuer à un niveau cognitif ; le reste se fonde sur des expériences émotionnelles générées par la relation thérapeutique. Cette dernière doit également obtenir que des mécanismes de régulation dysfonctionnels ayant été automatisés s'assouplissent et que le patient développe et pratique d'autres types de réactions. L'analyse et la thérapie bioénergétiques selon la tradition fondée par Wilhelm Reich et Alexander Lowen offre toute une série de techniques pertinentes à ce niveau.En présentant trois exemples concrets, les auteurs fournissent un bref aperçu d'exercices pratiqués en thérapie corporelle. Bien évidemment, ceux-ci ne doivent jamais être utilisés en dehors du contexte d'une relation thérapeutique concrète dans laquelle on tiendra compte - avec l'accord des patients - des aspects transfert et contre-transfert

Incomplete tumour control following DNA vaccination against rat gliomas expressing a model antigen

Background Vaccination against tumour-associated antigens is one approach to elicit anti-tumour responses. We investigated the effect of polynucleotide (DNA) vaccination using a model antigen (E. coli lacZ) in a syngeneic gliosarcoma model (9L). Methods Fisher 344 rats were vaccinated thrice by intramuscular injection of a lacZ-encoding or a control plasmid in weekly intervals. One week after the last vaccination, lacZ-expressing 9L cells were implanted into the striatum. Results After 3 weeks, in lacZ-vaccinated animals the tumours were significantly smaller than in control-vaccinated animals. In cytotoxic T cell assays lysis rates of >50 % could only be observed in a few of the lacZ-vaccinated animals. This response was directed against lacZ-expressing and parental 9L cells but not against syngeneic MADB 106 adenocarcinoma cells. In Elispot assays interferon-γ production was observed upon stimulation with 9LlacZ and 9L wild-type but not MADB 106 cells. This response was higher for lacZ-immunized animals. All animals revealed dense infiltrates with CD8+ lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, with NK cells. CD25-staining indicated cells possibly associated with the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. All tumours were densely infiltrated by microglia consisting mostly of ramified cells. Only focal accumulation of macrophage-like cells expressing ED1, a marker for phagocytic activity, was observed. Conclusion Prophylactic DNA vaccination resulted in effective but incomplete suppression of brain tumour formation. Mechanisms other than cytotoxic T cell responses as measured in the generally used in vitro assays appear to play a role in tumour suppression

Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Bioenergetische Analyse und Therapie (SGBAT)

Darstellung der InstitutionMenschenbildGesundheits- und KrankheitsverständnisTherapieverständnisLiteratu

Future European shale gas life-cycle GHG emissions for electric power generation in comparison to other fossil fuels

Item does not contain fulltex

Biomechanical Effect of Margin Convergence Techniques: Quantitative Assessment of Supraspinatus Muscle Stiffness.

Although the margin convergence (MC) technique has been recognized as an option for rotator cuff repair, little is known about the biomechanical effect on repaired rotator cuff muscle, especially after supplemented footprint repair. The purpose of this study was to assess the passive stiffness changes of the supraspinatus (SSP) muscle after MC techniques using shear wave elastography (SWE). A 30 × 40-mm U-shaped rotator cuff tear was created in 8 cadaveric shoulders. Each specimen was repaired with 6 types of MC technique (1-, 2-, 3-suture MC with/without footprint repair, in a random order) at 30° glenohumeral abduction. Passive stiffness of four anatomical regions in the SSP muscle was measured based on an established SWE method. Data were obtained from the SSP muscle at 0° abduction under 8 different conditions: intact (before making a tear), torn, and postoperative conditions with 6 techniques. MC techniques using 1-, or 2-suture combined with footprint repair showed significantly higher stiffness values than the intact condition. Passive stiffness of the SSP muscle was highest after a 1-suture MC with footprint repair for all regions when compared among all repair procedures. There was no significant difference between the intact condition and a 3-suture MC with footprint repair. MC techniques with single stitch and subsequent footprint repair may have adverse effects on muscle properties and tensile loading on repair, increasing the risk of retear of repairs. Adding more MC stitches could reverse these adverse effects

A helium mini-cryostat for the nanoprobe beamline ID16B at ESRF: characteristics and performance

International audienc