Edad de jurel Trachurus murphyi (Carangidae) usando incrementos diarios en otolitos sagittae

Growth of Jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) was estimated using daily growth rings in fi sh collected in central-south Chile from 2004 to 2011. The von Bertalanffy growth curve at length for both sexes (n=210 individuals) is FLt = 75*[1-e-0.16(t+0.13)] where FLt is fork length (cm) at time t (years).Se estimó el crecimiento del jurel (Trachurus murphyi) usando anillos de crecimiento diario en peces colectados en Chile centro-sur desde 2004 hasta 2011. La curva de crecimiento en longitud de von Bertalanffy para sexos conjuntos (n=210 individuos) es FLt = 75*[1-e-0,16(t+0,13)] donde LHt es la longitud horquilla (cm) a tiempo t (años)

Biases in determining the diet of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas (D’ Orbigny 1835) (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) off southern-central Chile (34°S–40°S)

The diet of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) off southern-central Chile is described to examine potential biases in the determination of their main prey. Specimens were collected from catches using different fishing gear (jigging, trawl and purse-seine), from July 2003 to January 2004, and from December 2005 to October 2006. The stomach contents were analyzed in terms of frequency of occurrence, number, and weight of prey items and the diet composition was analyzed using Detrended Correspondence Analysis. In the industrial purse-seine fleet for jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi), the dominant prey of D. gigas was T. murphyi. In the industrial mid-trawl fishery for Patagonian grenadier (Macruronus magellanicus), the dominant species in the diet of D. gigas was M. magellanicus. Similarly, Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi) was the main prey in the diet of D. gigas obtained in the industrial trawl fishery for Chilean hake; and, in both artisanal fisheries (purse-seine for small pelagics and jigging), small pelagic fish and D. gigas were the main prey in the stomach contents of D. gigas. Cannibalism in D. gigas varied between different fleets and probably is related to stress behavior during fishing. The Detrended Correspondence Analysis ordination showed that the main prey in the diet of D. gigas is associated with the target species of the respective fishery. Consequently, biases are associated with fishing gear, leading to an overestimate in the occurrence of the target species in the diet. We recommend analyzing samples from jigging taken at the same time and place where the trawl and purse-seine fleets are operating to avoid this problem, and the application of new tools like stable isotope, heavy metal, and fatty acid signature analyses

DISEÑO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN ENLACE DE FIBRA OPTICA PARA EL ACCESO A INTERNET DEL IESTP SAN FRANCISCO DE ASÍS DE LA DIRECCION REGIONAL DE EDUCACION DE LIMA METROPOLITANA, SEDE AV. PROLONGACIÓN PACHACUTEC, DISTRITO DE VILLA MARIA DEL TRIUNFO

Optical Networks S.A.C, fue elegida por el estado mediante la DIRECCION REGIONAL DE EDUCACION DE LIMA METROPOLITANA, para que se le brinde internet mediante fibra óptica a 13 sedes. La empresa cuenta con una Red Backbone de Fibra Óptica Monomodo, para el transporte de Voz, Datos y video a altas velocidades, brindando atención a sus clientes a través de sus Puntos de Presencia (Nodo). El proyecto inicia por la necesidad de la Dirección Regional de educación en Lima Metropolitana de que sus sedes cuenten con internet con enlace dedicado, ya que, al albergar a estudiantes y docentes en formación educativa, estos deberían contar con los beneficios del internet mediante fibra óptica. Para suplir esta necesidad se llevaría a cabo el estudio de la ruta óptima para el despliegue de fibra óptica desde la última milla (manga) más cercana hasta las oficinas del IESTP San Francisco de Asís, recorriendo infraestructura propia y proyectada, se usarán también modelos matemáticos para calcular la atenuación total del enlace, como la ecuación de potencia de recepción mínima y de ancho de banda para demostrar que él enlace propuesto sea satisfactorio. Los resultados obtenidos serán que el IESTP San Francisco de Asís cuente con internet con enlace dedicado y con ello mejorar la calidad del servicio educativo a 338 estudiantes y 15 profesores, que se encuentran en la clase social baja.Trabajo de suficiencia profesiona

Respuesta de cuatro accesiones de Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. y un cultivar de Fragaria x ananassa Duch. a cinco niveles de nitrógeno en cultivo hidropónico

Resumen (Spanish, English)61 p.F. chiloensis (L.) Duch. fue llevada a Europa por Frezier en 1714, donde generó el actual híbrido cultivado, F.x ananassa Duch., al cruzarse con F. virginiana Duch. Representa una importante fuente de resistencia a insectos, enfermedades, aumento de la tasa de asimilación de CO2 y eficiencia del uso del N, para los programas de mejoramiento genético. En el Centro Experimental Cauquenes del Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria, se realizó en el año 1995, un estudio para determinar la respuesta de 4 accesiones de F. chiloensis y de ′Pájaro′ a cinco niveles de N en cultivo hidropónico. Se midió área foliar, materia seca y contenido de N en órganos de los genotipos evaluados. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se concluyó que no existió respuesta a los tratamientos de N con respecto a la evolución de la materia seca y el área foliar. ′Pájaro′ presentó los mayores valores de materia seca y área foliar y menores contenidos de N en los tejidos evaluados respecto de las accesiones de F. chiloensis. Se encontró una tendencia al aumento en el contenido de N en los tejidos de la lámina y pecíolo y una acumulación creciente de N en los tejidos de la corona y raíz a medida que se aumentó la disponibilidad de N en la solución

Evaluation of trypanocidal properties of ferrocenyl and cyrhetrenyl N-acylhydrazones with pendant 5-nitrofuryl group

Four N-acylhydrazones of general formulae [R1-C(O)-NH-N=C(R2)(5-nitrofuryl)] with (R1 = ferrocenyl or cyrhetrenyl and R2 = H or Me) are synthesized and characterized in solution and in the solid-state. Comparative studies of their stability in solution under different experimental conditions and their electrochemical properties are reported. NMR studies reveal that the four compounds are stable in DMSO‑d6 and complementary UV-Vis studies confirm that they also exhibit high stability in mixtures DMSO:H2O at 37 °C. Electrochemical studies show that the half-wave potential of the nitro group of the N-acylhydrazones is smaller than that of the standard drug nifurtimox and the reduction process follows a self-protonation mechanism. In vitro studies on the antiparasitic activities of the four complexes and the nifurtimox against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei reveal that: i) the N-acylhydrazones have a potent inhibitory growth activity against both parasites [EC50 in the low micromolar (in T. cruzi) or even in the nanomolar (in T. brucei) range] and ii) cyrhetrenyl derivatives are more effective than their ferrocenyl analogs. Parallel studies on the L6 rat skeletal myoblast cell line have also been conducted, and the selectivity indexes determined. Three of the four N-acylhydrazones showed higher selectivity towards T. brucei than the standard drug nifurtimox. Additional studies suggest that the organometallic compounds are bioactivated by type I nitroreductase enzymes.</p

Isomeric and hybrid ferrocenyl/cyrhetrenylaldimines: a new family of multifunctional compounds

The synthesis and characterization of two novel and isomeric hybrid ferrocenyl/cyrhetrenyl aldimines [(η5-C5H5)Fe{(η5-C5H4)-CHvN-(η5-C5H4)}Re(CO)3] (1) and [(η5-C5H5)Fe{(η5-C5H4)-NvCH-(η5-C5H4)}Re (CO)3] (2) are reported. Their X-ray crystal structures reveal that both adopt the E form. However, molecules of 1 and 2 differ in the relative arrangement of the 'Fe(η5-C5H5)' and 'Re(CO)3' units (anti in 1 and syn in 2). This affects the type of intermolecular interactions, the assembly of the molecules and therefore their crystal architecture. Comparative studies of their electrochemical, spectroscopic and photo-physical properties have allowed us to clarify the effect produced by the location of the organometallic arrays (ferrocenyl or cyrhetrenyl) on electronic delocalization, the proclivity of the metals to undergo oxidation and their emissive properties. Theoretical studies based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations on the two compounds have also been carried out in order to rationalize the experimental results and to assign the bands detected in their electronic spectra. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1 and 2 against human adenocarcinoma cell lines [breast (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) and colon (HCT-116)] reveal that imine 2 has a greater inhibitory growth effect than 1 and it is ca. 1.8 times more potent than cisplatin in the triple negative MDA-MB 231 and in the cisplatin resistant HCT-116 cell lines. A comparative study of their effect on the normal and non-tumour human skin fibroblast BJ cell lines is also reported

A novel type of organometallic 2-R-2,4-dihydro- 1H-3,1-benzoxazine with R = [M(η5-C5H4)(CO)3] (M = Re or Mn) units. Experimental and computational studies of the effect of substituent R on ring-chain tautomerism

The syntheses, characterization, X-ray crystal structures, electrochemical properties and anticancer and 35 antichagasic activities of the first examples of 2-substituted 2,4-dihydro-1H-3,1-benzoxazines with 36 halfsandwich organometallic arrays, [M(η5-C5H4)(CO)3] (M = Re or Mn), at position-2 are described. 37 Experimental and computational studies based on DFT calculations on the open forms [Schiff bases of 38 general formulae R-CHvN-C6H4-2-CH2OH] (5), with R = ferrocenyl (a), phenyl (b), cyrhetrenyl (c) or 39 cymantrenyl (d), and their tautomeric forms (2-substituted 2,4-dihydro-1H-3,1 benzoxazines) 40 haveallowed us to establish the influence of substituents a-d and solvents on: (a) the extent of 41 tautomeric equilibria (5a-5d) ↔ (6a-6d) and (b) their electrochemical properties and the electronic 42 distribution on the open and closed forms. Despite the formal similarity between 6c and 6d, their 43 anticancer and antiparasitic activities are markedly different. Compound 6d is inactive in the HCT116, 44 MDA-MB231 and MCF7 cancer cell lines, but 6c shows moderate activity in the latter cell line, while 45 the Mn(I) complex (6d) is a more potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent than its Re(I) analogue (6c)

INCIDENCES OF STIFFNESS ON SQUAT JUMP VARIABLES

The purpose of this study was to relation level the stiffness of the patellar tendon and three portions of the Achilles tendon; inferior, middle, and superior location with performance variables in the squat jump. The sample was composed of 25 belonging to Chilean elite male handball players. It assesses stiffness tendinous patellar and Achilles tendon using to MyotonPro® device. During the squat jump assessment, two force platforms Pasco and ForceDecks® software for analysis. The main results were RFD 0-50 ms (r=0.611), RFDN 0-50 ms (r=0.550), RFD 0-100 ms (r=0.615), and RFDN 0-100 ms (r=0.624) presented a relationship with patellar stiffness, while that Achilles tendon was down relation with peak power in squat jump (r=472). This information can be useful for training judo athletes. From the results, it can be concluded that the stiffness of the patellar tendon and the Achilles tendon determine some mechanical variables of the SJ, mainly in relation to the RFD

Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and computational studies on novel cyrhetrenyl hydrazones

The synthesis of novel cyrhetrenyl hydrazones of general formula [Re{(η5-C5H4)single bondC(R1) = NNHR2}(CO)3] {with R1 = H and R2 = 4-NO2single bondC6H4 (4a), C6H5 (4b) or H (4c) or R1 = Me and R2 = 4-NO2single bondC6H4 (5a), C6H5 (5b) or H (5c)} is described. Compounds 4a-4c and 5a-5c were characterized by mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy. 1H and 13C{1H} NMR studies revealed that 4a-4c and 5a-5c adopt the anti-(E) configuration in solution. X-ray crystal structures of compounds 4a and 5c confirmed the trans-arrangement of the cyrhetrenyl 'Re(η5-C5H4)(CO)3' and the -NHR2 moieties and the existence of strong hydrogen bonds involving the single bondNHsingle bond unit. Molecular Orbital calculations at a DFT level have also been carried out in order to rationalize the influence of the nature of the substituent R3 of [R3CH = NNH(4-NO2single bondC6H4)] (R3 = ferrocenyl, (3a), cyrhetrenyl (4a), phenyl (6a) or cymantrenyl (7a) on the electronic delocalization, the nucleophilicity of the imine carbon, the polarizability and hyperpolarizability of these compounds, and computational studies using time-dependent density functional (TD-DFT) calculations have also been carried out in order to assign the bands detected in their electronic spectra and to explain the effect produced by the solvent