7,537 research outputs found
Changes in Food, Alcohol and Cigarettes Consumption during Transition: Evidence from Russia
This paper examines the changes in nutritional behavior of Russian adults over the ten-year transition period, between 1994 and 2004. We present evidence on the impact of individual as well as regional characteristics on changes in fat, protein, alcohol and cigarette consumption, and on diversity of diet. The results from a dynamic empirical model suggest that among microeconomic determinants, initial levels of consumption, gender, holding a university degree, and having access to a garden plot have a significant impact on the changes in consumption behavior in Russia. Regarding the macroeconomic variables, economic growth has a significant impact on changes in fat and protein consumption and on alcohol use, while unemployment changes significantly impact protein intake, alcohol consumption and the diversity of diet
Analysis of multi-sensor data, 12 September - 11 December 1968
Analysis of multi-sensor data obtained by Earth Resources Aircraft Progra
The dynamics of food, alcohol and cigarette consumption in Russia during transition
This paper presents evidence on the impact of individual as well as regional characteristics on the dynamics of fat, protein, alcohol and cigarette consumption, and on the diversity of the diet in Russia between 1994 and 2005. All those aspects of nutritional behavior are important inputs to the production of health. A dynamic panel data model is used to estimate demand functions for fat, protein, alcohol, cigarettes and diversity of the diet. The results suggest the existence of strong habits in drinking and smoking, and the absence of habits in fat and protein consumption. We also found evidence of habit formation for food diversity. Comparing nutritional behavior of younger and older consumers, we find significant differences in the demand for fat and cigarettes. Older consumers seem to be more persistent in their drinking and smoking behavior. Similarly, men show higher habit persistence for alcohol and cigarette consumption. The results also suggest that among individual determinants, especially education, income and employment have statistically significant impacts on consumption behavior. Regarding the macroeconomic variables, economic growth is negatively related to protein consumption, while regional unemployment rate is negatively affecting the demand for protein and food diversity. Finally, Russian consumers react to the price changes of alcohol, cigarettes, fat and protein as suggested by theory. Consumer demand for food diversity responds negatively to price changes of alcohol and cigarettes, but positively to the price of fat
New Archeomagnetic Directional Records From Iron Age Southern Africa (ca. 425-1550 CE) and Implications for the South Atlantic Anomaly
NP-hardness of decoding quantum error-correction codes
Though the theory of quantum error correction is intimately related to the
classical coding theory, in particular, one can construct quantum error
correction codes (QECCs) from classical codes with the dual containing
property, this does not necessarily imply that the computational complexity of
decoding QECCs is the same as their classical counterparts. Instead, decoding
QECCs can be very much different from decoding classical codes due to the
degeneracy property. Intuitively, one expect degeneracy would simplify the
decoding since two different errors might not and need not be distinguished in
order to correct them. However, we show that general quantum decoding problem
is NP-hard regardless of the quantum codes being degenerate or non-degenerate.
This finding implies that no considerably fast decoding algorithm exists for
the general quantum decoding problems, and suggests the existence of a quantum
cryptosystem based on the hardness of decoding QECCs.Comment: 5 pages, no figure. Final version for publicatio
A survey of parallel algorithms for fractal image compression
This paper presents a short survey of the key research work that has been undertaken in the application of parallel algorithms for Fractal image compression. The interest in fractal image compression techniques stems from their ability to achieve high compression ratios whilst maintaining a very high quality in the reconstructed image. The main drawback of this compression method is the very high computational cost that is associated with the encoding phase. Consequently, there has been significant interest in exploiting parallel computing architectures in order to speed up this phase, whilst still maintaining the advantageous features of the approach. This paper presents a brief introduction to fractal image compression, including the iterated function system theory upon
which it is based, and then reviews the different techniques that have been, and can be, applied in order to parallelize the compression algorithm
Moving on Up: Division I Athletic Directors’ Career Progression and Involvement
Collegiate athletic directors (ADs) are the chief executive officers within the athletic department of the colleges and universities they serve. While they are certainly high-profile, influential professionals, there are a limited number of research studies that focus in-depth on the career experiences of these athletic administrators. The purpose of this research was to examine the career experiences of athletic directors. The results showed a shift in the need for athletic directors to understand business and development and obtain a graduate degree. More than 80% held a master’s degree with previous areas of employment in development and marketing. Such skills were also shown in involvement as ADs indicated they were heavily involved in budget oversight and development. Other areas of involvement included policy-making and community relations. There was limited involvement in actual sport operations
Quantum Capacity Approaching Codes for the Detected-Jump Channel
The quantum channel capacity gives the ultimate limit for the rate at which
quantum data can be reliably transmitted through a noisy quantum channel.
Degradable quantum channels are among the few channels whose quantum capacities
are known. Given the quantum capacity of a degradable channel, it remains
challenging to find a practical coding scheme which approaches capacity. Here
we discuss code designs for the detected-jump channel, a degradable channel
with practical relevance describing the physics of spontaneous decay of atoms
with detected photon emission. We show that this channel can be used to
simulate a binary classical channel with both erasures and bit-flips. The
capacity of the simulated classical channel gives a lower bound on the quantum
capacity of the detected-jump channel. When the jump probability is small, it
almost equals the quantum capacity. Hence using a classical capacity
approaching code for the simulated classical channel yields a quantum code
which approaches the quantum capacity of the detected-jump channel
- …