A Study of World Translated Literature in Taiwan: A Bibliometric Approach

翻譯是一個通過語言代碼或文字符號的轉換來傳遞訊息的過程，文學翻譯除了必須遵循「忠實、通順、易懂」的一般翻譯原則，還必須提供文學欣賞的價值，所以可以說文學翻譯是一種藝術，涉及兩個民族的審美觀點和意識。中國近代翻譯文學既是近代中西文化交流的必然結果，同時也是近代中西文化交流的主要載體之一。 本研究採用書目計量學研究方法，旨在探討1950至2008年間，台灣地區世界文學作品翻譯成中文作品的概況，透過全國圖書書目資訊網（NBINet）蒐集的書目資料，進一步觀察不同地區的作品被翻譯成中文的情形，接著再以「書目單位」、「包含重印本」、「不含重印本及新版」三種計算方式，進行洛卡定律、普萊斯平方根定律及80/20定律等三大學術生產力定律，加以驗證翻譯文學作者與翻譯者生產力之可行性，以作為未來相關研究參考之用。 研究結果歸納如下，1.台灣地區世界文學翻譯作品概況為：(1)翻譯文學的作品國別集中在英、美，其次為法、德、俄；(2)翻譯文學作品呈現穩定成長；(3)翻譯文學出版社出版量集中在21所出版社當中；(4)被翻譯最多的文學作品、作者、與最多產的翻譯者皆集中在英國、美國、法國、德國及俄國；(5)翻譯文學各分區分佈情形大不相同。2.歐美文學翻譯作品生產力定律驗證情形為：(1)被翻譯作者生產力及翻譯者生產力與洛卡定律均不相符；(2)書目單位計算的低生產力作者比例與洛卡定律最為相近；(3)不含重印本計算的低生產力翻譯者與洛卡定律最為相近；(4)翻譯文學作者與翻譯者的生產力與普萊斯平方根定律驗證及80/20定律驗證均不相符。Translation is a process to communication by languages or signs. Literature translation should follow the original principles which are real, clear, and understanding, and it should also afford the value of literature art. Therefore, we can say literature translation is an art, which shows the appreciation of the beauty and sense for two different nationalities. The modern literature translation is not only the result of cultural exchange but also the way for cultural exchange. The main purpose of this study is to explore the world translated literature in Taiwan from 1950 to 2008 based on the theoretical perspectives of the bibliometrics. Three ways are used to compile statistics, including “bibliographic units”, “copies”, and “works” . The distributions of institution productivity are examined by using the Lotka’s, Price and 80/20 Laws. A total of 32159 bibliographic records is retrieved from the NBINet (National Bibliographic Information Network) databases. The results of this study about world translated literature in Taiwan are as follows: (1) The original translated literatures are mostly concentrated in England, USA, France, German, and Russia. (2) The overall growth of the world translated literature in Taiwan is in a vigorously up-growing trend. (3) The publishing of the world translated literature in Taiwan is concentrated in 21 publishers. (4) Most translated literatures, authors, and translators are mainly concentrated in England, USA, France, German, and Russia. (5) The distribution in every country is not the same. Furthermore, the examinations of world translated literature in Taiwan are: (1) The examination of Lotka’s Law is found inapplicable. (2) The percentage of low production authors counted by bibliographic units is similar to Lotka’s Law. (3) The percentage of low production translators counted by works is similar to Lotka’s Law. (4) Price’s Square Root Law and 80/20 Law are found inapplicable to the distribution of authors’ and translators’ productivity

Web Link and Transaction Log Analyses of Digital Archive Websites

This study uses web link analysis and transaction log analysis of webometrics to compare the web performances of Taiwan Digital Archives Expansion Project and Exhibition of Cyber Island, Taiwan (ECIT) during the period of July to December in 2008 and the period of January to June in 2012. The result shows that the numbers of pages viewed in two websites have increased 2.9 times and 13.1 times respectively, showing the influence of improved content. The visitors are centralized in Taiwan and China, as the website content is primarily Chinese. The average visit duration is less than 10 seconds and the number of pages viewed by most visitors is one page, showing that the two websites can be improved by highering web impact factor (WIF) and lowering the possible failure of maintainability. pp. 66-8

A saturated map of common genetic variants associated with human height

Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are predicted to collectively explain 40–50% of phenotypic variation in human height, but identifying the specific variants and associated regions requires huge sample sizes1. Here, using data from a genome-wide association study of 5.4 million individuals of diverse ancestries, we show that 12,111 independent SNPs that are significantly associated with height account for nearly all of the common SNP-based heritability. These SNPs are clustered within 7,209 non-overlapping genomic segments with a mean size of around 90 kb, covering about 21% of the genome. The density of independent associations varies across the genome and the regions of increased density are enriched for biologically relevant genes. In out-of-sample estimation and prediction, the 12,111 SNPs (or all SNPs in the HapMap 3 panel2) account for 40% (45%) of phenotypic variance in populations of European ancestry but only around 10–20% (14–24%) in populations of other ancestries. Effect sizes, associated regions and gene prioritization are similar across ancestries, indicating that reduced prediction accuracy is likely to be explained by linkage disequilibrium and differences in allele frequency within associated regions. Finally, we show that the relevant biological pathways are detectable with smaller sample sizes than are needed to implicate causal genes and variants. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive map of specific genomic regions that contain the vast majority of common height-associated variants. Although this map is saturated for populations of European ancestry, further research is needed to achieve equivalent saturation in other ancestries