The Witness Project In Whitehall, OH

Abstract The Witness Project (WP) is an evidence-based breast cancer screening intervention that will be implemented in Whitehall, Ohio, at three different churches by the Franklin County Health Department. The WP will target African American women 50-74 years old who are non-compliant with current United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) breast cancer screening recommendations. African American women face disproportionately higher mortality rates from breast cancer when compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the United States and in Whitehall. African American women are less likely to discuss breast cancer and preventive screening services within their community. The WP uses Witness Role Models (WRMs) and Lay Health Advisors (LHAs) to run 1-hour educational sessions at the identified church locations. The WRMs are breast cancer survivors who share their stories and experiences about early breast cancer detection through screening. The WRMs serve as social support to the participants and can answer any questions they may have regarding their experience. The LHAs serve as a community resource to the participants by educating women about breast cancer screening and connecting participants with screening services. The WP will be partnering with The James Mobile Mammography Unit and the OhioHealth Eastside Health Center to connect participants to screening services. In order to measure the short-term outcomes (breast cancer screening knowledge, self-efficacy, social support, connections to community resources), a pre- and post-program survey will be collected prior and at the conclusion of the educational sessions. The results of the program will be disseminated to the Community Advisory Board (CAB), community partners and collaborators

Atlas of the Earth's radiation budget as measured by Nimbus-7: May 1979 to May 1980

This atlas describes the seasonal changes in the Earth's radiation budget for the 13-month period, May 1979 to May 1980. It helps to illustrate the strong feedback mechanisms by which the Earth's climate interacts with the top-of-the-atmosphere insolation to modify the energy that various regions absorb from the Sun. Cloud type and cloud amount, which are linked to the surface temperature and the regional climate, are key elements in this interaction. Annual, seasonal, and monthly maps of the albedo, outgoing longwave and net radiation, noontime cloud cover, and mean diurnal surface temperatures are presented. Annual and seasonal net cloud forcing maps are also given. All of the quantities were derived from Nimbus-7 satellite measurements except for the temperatures, which were used in the cloud detection algorithm and came originally from the Air Force 3-dimensional nephanalysis dataset. The seasonal changes are described. The interaction of clouds and the radiation budget is briefly discussed

User's guide: Nimbus-7 Earth radiation budget narrow-field-of-view products. Scene radiance tape products, sorting into angular bins products, and maximum likelihood cloud estimation products

The archived Earth radiation budget (ERB) products produced from the Nimbus-7 ERB narrow field-of-view scanner are described. The principal products are broadband outgoing longwave radiation (4.5 to 50 microns), reflected solar radiation (0.2 to 4.8 microns), and the net radiation. Daily and monthly averages are presented on a fixed global equal area (500 sq km), grid for the period May 1979 to May 1980. Two independent algorithms are used to estimate the outgoing fluxes from the observed radiances. The algorithms are described and the results compared. The products are divided into three subsets: the Scene Radiance Tapes (SRT) contain the calibrated radiances; the Sorting into Angular Bins (SAB) tape contains the SAB produced shortwave, longwave, and net radiation products; and the Maximum Likelihood Cloud Estimation (MLCE) tapes contain the MLCE products. The tape formats are described in detail

El Nino and outgoing longwave radiation: An atlas of Nimbus-7 Earth radiation budget observations

Five years of broadband Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) measurements taken by the Nimbus-7 ERB experiment have been archived. This five year period included the 1982 to 1983 El Nino/Southern Oscillation event, which reached its peak in January 1983 (near the beginning of the fifth data year). An outgoing longwave radiation subset of the data, for the period June 1980 to October 1983, was processed to enhance spatial resolution. This atlas contains the analyses of the resultant fields. In addition, a set of anomaly maps, based on a definition of pre-El Nino climatology, is included. Together, these two sets of maps provide the first broadband glimpse of the terrestrial outgoing longwave radiation response to the El Nino event

Determination of global Earth outgoing radiation at high temporal resolution using a theoretical constellation of satellites

New, viable, and sustainable observation strategies from a constellation of satellites have attracted great attention across many scientific communities. Yet the potential for monitoring global Earth outgoing radiation using such a strategy has not been explored. To evaluate the potential of such a constellation concept and to investigate the configuration requirement for measuring radiation at a time resolution sufficient to resolve the diurnal cycle for weather and climate studies, we have developed a new recovery method and conducted a series of simulation experiments. Using idealized wide field-of-view broadband radiometers as an example, we find that a baseline constellation of 36 satellites can monitor global Earth outgoing radiation reliably to a spatial resolution of 1000 km at an hourly time scale. The error in recovered daily global mean irradiance is 0.16 W m-2 and -0.13 W m-2, and the estimated uncertainty in recovered hourly global mean irradiance from this day is 0.45 W m-2 and 0.15 W m-2, in the shortwave and longwave spectral regions, respectively. Sensitivity tests show that addressing instrument-related issues that lead to systematic measurement error remains of central importance to achieving similar accuracies in reality. The presented error statistics therefore likely represent the lower bounds of what could currently be achieved with the constellation approach, but this study demonstrates the promise of an unprecedented sampling capability for better observing the Earth’s radiation budget

Study design and rationale for Optimal aNtiplatelet pharmacotherapy guided by bedSIDE genetic or functional TESTing in elective percutaneous coronary intervention patients (ONSIDE TEST): a prospective, open-label, randomised parallel-group multicentre trial (NCT01930773)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: High platelet reactivity (HPR) and presence of CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles are associated with higher risk for periprocedural myocardial infarction in clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It is unknown whether personalised treatment based on platelet function testing or genotyping can prevent such complications. METHODS: The ONSIDE-TEST is a multicentre, prospective, open-label, randomised controlled clinical trial aiming to assess if optimisation of antiplatelet therapy based on either phenotyping or genotyping is superior to conventional care. Patients will be randomised into phenotyping, genotyping, or control arms. In the phenotyping group, patients will be tested with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay before PCI, and patients with a platelet reactivity unit greater than 208 will be switched over to prasugrel, while others will continue on clopidogrel therapy. In the genotyping group, carriers of the *2 loss-of-function allele will receive prasugrel for PCI, while wild-type subjects will be treated with clopidogrel. Patients in the control arm will be treated with standard-dose clopidogrel. The primary endpoint of the study is the prevalence of periprocedural myocardial injury within 24 h after PCI in the controls as compared to the phenotyping and genotyping group. Secondary endpoints include cardiac death, myocardial infarction, definite or probable stent thrombosis, or urgent repeat revascularisation within 30 days of PCI. Primary safety outcome is Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 3 and 5 bleeding during 30 days of PCI. SUMMARY: The ONSIDE TEST trial is expected to verify the clinical utility of an individualised antiplatelet strategy in preventing periprocedural myocardial injury by either phenotyping or genotyping

Examining provider perceptions and practices for comprehensive geriatric assessment among cancer survivors: a qualitative study with an implementation science focus

Introduction: Cancer rates increase with age, and older cancer survivors have unique medical care needs, making assessment of health status and identification of appropriate supportive resources key to delivery of optimal cancer care. Comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGAs) help determine an older person’s functional capabilities as cancer care providers plan treatment and follow-up care. Despite its proven utility, research on implementation of CGA is lacking.Methods: Guided by a qualitative description approach and through interviews with primary care providers and oncologists, our goal was to better understand barriers and facilitators of CGA use and identify training and support needs for implementation. Participants were identified through Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network partner listservs and a national cancer and aging organization. Potential interviewees, contacted via email, were provided with a description of the study purpose. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom, recorded, and transcribed verbatim by a professional transcription service. The interview guide explored providers’ knowledge and use of CGAs. For codebook development, three representative transcripts were independently reviewed and coded by four team members. The interpretive process involved reflecting, transcribing, coding, and searching for and identifying themes.Results: Providers shared that, while it would be ideal to administer CGAs with all new patients, they were not always able to do this. Instead, they used brief screening tools or portions of CGAs, or both. There was variability in how CGA domains were assessed; however, all considered CGAs useful and they communicated with patients about their benefits. Identified facilitators of implementation included having clinic champions, an interdisciplinary care team to assist with implementation and referrals for intervention, and institutional resources and buy-in. Barriers noted included limited staff capacity and competing demands on time, provider inexperience, and misaligned institutional priorities.Discussion: Findings can guide solutions for improving the broader and more systematic use of CGAs in the care of older cancer patients. Uptake of processes like CGA to better identify those at risk of poor outcomes and intervening early to modify treatments are critical to maximize the health of the growing population of older cancer survivors living through and beyond their disease

Technická řešení pro měření nádoje a kvality dojeného mléka

The literary researcg deals with technical solutions for automated "in-line" measurement of milk yield and milk quality control from dairy cows. The motivation for research and development activities in this area is to improve the welfare and the health status of dairy cows, to ensure the safety of final products and increase their quality for the end consumer. The applications of systems above helps to increase the competitiveness of dairy farmers as well as product processors. In order to achieve health and fine quality milk, is necessary to comply with a number of hygienic measures, but also to follow zootechnical principles of breeding. The introductory part is devoted to the definition of milk and its composition (proteins, milk fat and vitamins). The following are physico-chemical parameters of milk, such as the electrical conductivity of milk, the number of somatic cells, the content of the urea, the fat content, the protein content, the residues of inhibitory substances and the lactose content. Futhermore, it is focused on factors that affect the milk quality. This chapter define nutrition, housing technology, sanitation of milking equipment, the influence of the breed on milk parameters and the health status of dairy cows. The methods used for milk analysis are describes below. Among of selected methods are the analysis of the milk conductivity, optical analysis and differential test for milk leukocytes. The last part deals with ICAR organization and it's regulations on the use of instruments to measure the milk yield. Then individual devices certified by ICAR for milk yield measuring are described