Horizontal animation deformity as unusual complication of neurotoxin modulation of the gummy smile

Injections of botulinum toxin type A represent the most common nonsurgical cosmetic treatment worldwide. The authors report a case of dynamic horizontal wrinkling in the upper lip that appeared after botulinum toxin type A injections to treat gummy smile associated with nasal alar base reduction, in a 28-year-old woman. The anatomic features and pathogenic mechanism underlying this unusual complication are analyzed and discussed

Autologous temporomandibular joint reconstruction independent of exogenous additives: a proof-of-concept study for guided self-generation

Joint defects are complex and difficult to reconstruct. By exploiting the body's own regenerative capacity, we aimed to individually generate anatomically precise neo-tissue constructs for autologous joint reconstruction without using any exogenous additives. In a goat model, CT scans of the mandibular condyle including articular surface and a large portion of the ascending ramus were processed using computer-aided design and manufacturing. A corresponding hydroxylapatite negative mold was printed in 3D and temporarily embedded into the transition zone of costal periosteum and perichondrium. A demineralized bone matrix scaffold implanted on the contralateral side served as control. Neo-tissue constructs obtained by guided self-generation exhibited accurate configuration, robust vascularization, biomechanical stability, and function. After autologous replacement surgery, the constructs showed stable results with similar anatomical, histological, and functional findings compared to native controls. Further studies are required to assess long-term outcome and possible extensions to other further applications. The absence of exogenous cells, growth factors, and scaffolds may facilitate clinical translation of this approach

Horizontal animation deformity as unusual complication of neurotoxin modulation of the gummy smile

Injections  of  botulinum  toxin  type  A  represent  the  most    common    nonsurgical    cosmetic    treatment    worldwide.  The  authors  report  a  case  of  dynamic  horizontal  wrinkling  in  the  upper  lip  that  appeared  after   botulinum   toxin   type   A   injections   to   treat   gummy    smile    associated    with    nasal    alar    base    reduction,  in  a  28-year-old  woman.  The  anatomic  features and pathogenic mechanism underlying this unusual complication are analyzed and discussed.</p

Oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) is an inhibitor of neurite outgrowth

A protein fraction purified from bovine brain myelin, previously called arretin because of its ability to inhibit neurite outgrowth, has been identified as consisting predominantly of oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp). We show that it is a potent inhibitor of neurite outgrowth from rat cerebellar granule and hippocampal cells; from dorsal root ganglion explants in which growth cone collapse was observed; from rat retinal ganglion neurons; and from NG108 and PC12 cells. OMgp purified by a different procedure from both mouse and human myelin behaves identically in all bioassays tested.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66067/1/j.1471-4159.2002.01146.x.pd

China’s internationalized higher education during Covid-19: Collective student autoethnography

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Springer in Postdigital Science and Education on 08/05/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00128-1 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.This article presents 15 autoethnographical texts detailing student experiences at Beijing Normal University in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. Contributions have been collected over 6 weeks between 15 February and 1 April 2020, edited by Hejia Wang (assisted by Moses Oladele Ogunniran and Yingying Huang), and supervised by Michael Peters. Through shared in-depth empirical feelings and representations from a wide variety of cultural, historical, and social contexts, the article outlines an answer to the question: How do students, connected virtually but separated physically in an internationalized university, deal with disruption brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic? Student testimonies offer reflections on Covid-19 and Chinese international education, experiences of online teaching and learning, reflections on university coping mechanisms, an account of realities and feelings related to changes in academic life, and discussions on coping strategies in Chinese international higher education. Contributors expose their individual feelings, effects, benefits, challenges, and risk management strategies. Collected at the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic, these testimonies are unable to offer systemic answers to challenges facing the whole world. However, these experiences and feelings will provide important inputs to global discussions about the future of the world, after Covid-19.Published onlin

Spread Spectrum Based Digital-Intensive CMOS Radar System

CMOS radar is a promising technique enabling applications like ground penetrating, weather observing, and even autonomous driving with its high integration level and cost effectiveness in mass production. Under an analog type waveform, performance of conventional linear frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar is heavily degraded by AM (envelop fluctuation) and FM (chirp non-linearity) distortions. In this dissertation, digital-intensive CMOS radar with digital modulated and coded waveform is proposed instead of using an analog chirp. Additionally, spread spectrum technique is adopted to expand radar signal across a wide bandwidth and therefore achieve good radar range resolution. Two digital-intensive radar systems and the fabricated CMOS implementations will be shown to demonstrate the proposed approaches.First, an 89-93 GHz frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) based FHCW radar with 4-GHz bandwidth / 3.75-cm range resolution is developed and implemented for automotive application to tolerate multi-user interference. To effectively mitigate the radar interference under an multi-user scenario, frequency hopping technique with one-coincidence codes is used to achieve multiplexing in the code domain. The unique orthogonal property of these one-coincidence codes prevent different users from occupying the same frequency channel at the same time. A cost-effective TX/RX module with the 28-nm CMOS chip and a Rogers patch antenna is developed for over-the-air verification, whose results demonstrate the multi-user capability of this FHCW radar.Second, a 0.1-4.0 GHz direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) based all-digital radar SoC is proposed and fabricated in 28-nm CMOS for ground-penetrating application. A time-domain digital correlation-based time-of-flight measurement is employed for radar ranging instead of a chirp or pulse. The SoC offers complete programmability over frequency and bandwidth due to the nature of inductor-less design, which allows the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to be adopted to various sub-surface conditions. In-field GPR test with actual rover prototype validates the capability of the DS/SS radar. The 28-nm prototype radar SoC achieves a fine resolution of 3.75 cm and consumes 46.2 mW, which makes it suitable for low power applications

Intent-Estimation- and Motion-Model-Based Collision Avoidance Method for Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Environments

Existing collision avoidance methods for autonomous vehicles, which ignore the driving intent of detected vehicles, thus, cannot satisfy the requirements for autonomous driving in urban environments because of their high false detection rates of collisions with vehicles on winding roads and the missed detection rate of collisions with maneuvering vehicles. This study introduces an intent-estimation- and motion-model-based (IEMMB) method to address these disadvantages. First, a state vector is constructed by combining the road structure and the moving state of detected vehicles. A Gaussian mixture model is used to learn the maneuvering patterns of vehicles from collected data, and the patterns are used to estimate the driving intent of the detected vehicles. Then, a desirable long-term trajectory is obtained by weighting time and comfort. The long-term trajectory and the short-term trajectory, which are predicted using a constant yaw rate motion model, are fused to achieve an accurate trajectory. Finally, considering the moving state of the autonomous vehicle, collisions can be detected and avoided. Experiments have shown that the intent estimation method performed well, achieving an accuracy of 91.7% on straight roads and an accuracy of 90.5% on winding roads, which is much higher than that achieved by the method that ignores the road structure. The average collision detection distance is increased by more than 8 m. In addition, the maximum yaw rate and acceleration during an evasive maneuver are decreased, indicating an improvement in the driving comfort