Development of Thermal Simulation Tool for Urban Block Design - Based on Numerical Simulation System using 3D

A simulation system has been developed as a computer aided design tool to evaluate the effect of proposed design on the thermal environment during the designing process. This system calculates outdoor surface temperatures in order to evaluate the thermal impact of a design factor in outdoor space. In this study, the previous heat balance simulation system was improved to predict the surface temperature of a proposed design using 3D-CAD. This system is able to input the complicated outdoor spatial forms efficiently and also to evaluate the surface temperature distribution from any viewpoint

女子短大生の安静時エネルギー消費量(REE)について(自然科学系)

1.女子短大生1年生248人を対象に携帯用簡易熱量計で安静時エネルギー消費量(Resting Energy Expenditure: REE)の測定を行った。2.安静時エネルギー消費量(REE)を測定した結果は1,392±274.5kcal/dayであり、基準値より平均114kcal(7.6%)低かった。3.個人差が大きく認められた。4.個人に対して栄養指導を行う時や給与栄養量を決定する時には安静時エネルギー消費量の測定を行ったほうが望ましい

女子短大生の栄養素および水分摂取状況

本学食物栄養学科1年生学生を対象として2007～2010年の5月に食事および水分摂取調査を行った。1)エネルギー摂取量は時間調査によるエネルギー消費量に対して78.1%であった。2)たんぱく質摂取量は食事摂取基準の推奨量を超えていた。3)脂質エネルギー比率は多少高めであった。4)カルシウム、鉄、ビタミンA、ビタミンB1、ビタミンB2、ビタミンC摂取量については、国民健康・栄養調査の結果より何れも低値であり、食事摂取基準の推定平均必要量にも達していなかった。5)食物繊維も目標量の6割弱しか摂取していなかった。6)水分摂取量は必要最低量に近い量しか摂取していなかった。7)ほとんどのビタミン、ミネラルおよび水分は不足している者が多いと考えられ、学生に対して食事に対する指導の必要性を実感した

食事調査における食事記録法と食物摂取頻度調査法による違い

食事調査法のうち、食事記録法と食物摂取頻度調査法(FFQg)を行い、学生の教育のためにはどちらの方法が適切なのかについて検討した。1)どちらの調査法でも、栄養素等摂取量については、たんぱく質、脂質以外ほとんどの栄養素が食事摂取基準の推定平均必要量より低値を示した。2)食事記録法と食物摂取頻度調査法とで、栄養素等摂取量はカルシウム、ビタミンA、食物繊維、水分の摂取量に有意差が認められた。3)食物摂取頻度調査法に比較し、食事記録法では特にカルシウム、ビタミンAの摂取量が低値を示したことから、2日間の食事調査では日常の摂取状況を把握することは困難があり、個人の習慣的な栄養素等摂取量の概量を知るだけであれば、FFQgが簡便で個人の負担も少なく適していると考える。4)学生に対する教育の面から考えると、食事調査法と食物摂取頻度調査法の両方の調査をした方がよいと考える

Unfitness to Plead. Volume 1: Report.

This has been produced along with Volume 2: Draft Legislation as a combined document Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 3(2) of the Law Commissions Act 1965 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 12 January 201

Obligations in the Shade: The Application of Fiduciary Directors’ Duties to Shadow Directors

This paper argues that shadow directors, as defined in English law, ought to owe the full range of directors’ duties, both fiduciary and non-fiduciary, enacted in the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006), ss 171-177, to the relevant company under their influence. Following the enactment of the recent Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act (SBEEA) 2015, these general duties are likely to apply to shadow directors, although there is still a case to be made as to why shadow directors should owe fiduciary duties to the relevant company. It is argued here that such a relationship is fiduciary in nature, but the current approach deployed in the English courts, based upon the application of Finn’s originally formulated ‘undertaking’ test alone, is inadequate. Given these inadequacies, it is proposed that the Canadian ‘power and discretion’ test be deployed alongside the ‘undertaking’ test, in order to provide a far more comprehensive justification for the application of fiduciary obligations to shadow directors. This position is supported by establishing a theoretical basis for the ‘power and discretion’ test, via Paul Miller’s ‘fiduciary powers theory’, as well as considering the application of such a test to shadow directors

Urban Environment and Thermal Infrared Imaging Technology

赤外線技術の中でも特に赤外線イメージング技術は,測定対象の面情報が得られることから.複雑多岐な材料や空間形態で構成されている都市の環境モニタリソグには有効である.本稿では,筆者らが行ってきた熱赤外線イメージング技術を用いた観測・解析手法のいくつかの例を紹介しながら,都市環境のモニタリングに応用する場合に考慮すべき問題や現状の問題点,さらに今後の研究・開発課題について述ベた.赤外線イメージング技術の都市環境のモニタリングにおける役割を,直接放射温度情報として用いる方法と,放射温度情報を用いて都市環境のアセスメントに有効な都市環境情報を得る方法の2種類に分けてみると,従来は主に後者が発展してきたが,都市の熱環境・エネルギー問題が重要視される中にあって,今後は前者も幅広く応用されていくものと思われる.This article describes application of thermal infrared imaging technology to urban environment. The applying method of thermal infrared imaging technique might be classified into two. One is using thermal infrared images directly for analyzing radiation temperature distribution in urban area and the other is to creating environmental information which is effective for assesment of urban environment. Some examples of practical methods including the author's investigations are presented

Facilitating child witness interviews\u27 understanding of evidential requirements through prosecutor instruction

Prosecutors report that the evidential usefulness of child witness statements about abuse is often limited by unnecessary interview content and excessive length. Prior research indicates that this limitation may be attributed to a mismatch between interviewers\u27 and prosecutors\u27 understandings of the legal requirements of an interview. The aim of this study is to examine whether differences in the evidential qualities that are perceived as important by prosecutors and interviewers can be reduced through simple instruction. Five prosecutors and 33 interviewers completed a written exercise wherein participants were required to identify what aspects of information required follow-up in five hypothetical narrative accounts of abuse. Twenty of the interviewers had (prior to completing the exercise) received prosecutor instruction on the requirements of interviews in terms of the elements and particulars of sexual offences, and the manner in which necessary information is best elicited in an interview (from a legal perspective). The responses to the exercise of interviewers who had and had not received prosecutor instruction were compared. The results indicated that interviewers who had received instruction were more consistent with prosecutors in their responses to the exercise. The importance of these findings, and directions for future research, are discussed