Evaluation of the suitability and acceptability of a newly designed infant flour for infant feeding in the district of Bopa in south of Benin

Infant feeding practices do not always fit with quantity and quality requirements, leading to low expression of growth potential. In Benin, 43.1% of children less than6 months old are exclusively breastfed with 68% of children aged 6-8 months receiving complementary food. The study aimed to produce infant flour from raw food ingredients available in Bopa district and to test its acceptability by 6-12 months oldchildren. In a first step of the study, formulation and determination of nutritional characteristics of the infant flour occurred. A second step concerned acceptability tests of gruel made from formulated infant flour. The study sample was composed of sixty five mothers and their children. Children�s acceptability test took place in the morning for three consecutive days. The gruel was consumed ad libitum. Mothers�acceptability test consisted of appreciation of organoleptic characteristics of the gruel and the infant flour processing.The infant flour was made of maize (65 %), bean (20 %) and peanut (15 %) and was manually processed. Chemical analysesshowed that it contains 4.3% of moisture, 69.3% of carbohydrates, 15.1% of proteins, 10.7% of lipids, less than 5% of crude fibres and 1.9% of ash. Its energy density (433.9kcal/100g) was significantly greater than Codex Alimentarius standards (p<0.05).The infant flour contained microbial germs up to 4.8log CFU/g which was closed to maximum standard values. Total coliforms (1.7log CFU/g) were significantly lower than standard values. The flour was yeast, mould and pathogen (Escherichia coli) free. Hundred grams gruel was made from 40g of infant flour, 6g of malted maize and 250ml of stock of boiled greens leaves (Solanummacrocarpum). Dry matter content of gruel was 19.2% and its energy density was 81.5 kcal/100g. Basedon the ratio of intake and amount served, 83.3% of children accepted the gruel. However based on the ratio of the amount of porridge consumed during the testto the amount usually consumed by the children, 65.2% of the childrenaccepted the gruel. Mothers�appreciation of the gruel ranged from unpleasant to very pleasant with 40% as pleasant. Sixty percent of mothers judged the infant flour processing as easy and feasible. All mothers expressed their desire to feed their children with the gruel. Improving nutritional status of their children motivated their decision. It is concluded that integrating this infant flour in nutrition and counselling package targeted to mothers may be of a great benefit to the children.&nbsp

Unconditional cash transfers do not prevent children's undernutrition in the Moderate Acute Malnutrition Out (MAM'Out) cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso

International audienceBackground: Limited evidence is available on the impact that unconditional cash transfer (UCT) programs can have on child nutrition, particularly in West Africa, where child undernutrition is still a public health challenge.Objective: This study examined the impact of a multiannual, seasonal UCT program to reduce the occurrence of wasting (weight-for-height, midupper arm circumference), stunting (height-for-age), and morbidity among children 0.05) in children's anthropometric measurements and stunting between the 2 groups at the end point. However, children in the intervention group had a lower risk [21% (95% CI: 18.6%, 21.3%); P < 0.001] of self-reported respiratory tract infections than did children in the control group.Conclusions: We found that seasonal UCTs in the framework of safety nets did not result in a significant decrease in the incidence of acute malnutrition among children in Tapoa Province. Cash transfers combined with complementary interventions targeted to child nutrition and health should be investigated further. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01866124

Etude Des Facteurs De Risque De L’obésité Chez Le Personnel Du CHUD/Borgou à Parakou (Bénin) en 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity among employees CHUD in Parakou and risk factors in 2013. Methods: This was a cross sectional study, descriptive analytical referred to place from 05 August to 05 September 2013. The study population consists of employees of CHUD in Parakou. Data were collected using a questionnaire and by anthropometric measures. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 55.9%. The sex ratio was 0.8. The mean age of subjects was 37.2 ± 9.0 years. Factors associated with obesity were: female gender (p = 10-11), those aged 30-49 years (p = 0.04), subjects with a level of secondary education limited (p = 0.01), subjects with a daily consumption and accidental alcohol (p = 10-9), snacking (p = 0.00012). Conclusion: Obesity prevention should involve the establishment and maintenance during the lifetime of healthy eating habits and regular physical activity

Issue Thérapeutique Des Patients Tuberculeux Pulmonaires Biologiquement Confirmés Dans La Zone Sanitaire De Parakou-N’Dali De 2011 À 2015

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the therapeutic outcome and factors associated with treatment failure in laboratory confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: He acted in a descriptive and analytical study referred to prospective data collection. The study population consisted of laboratory confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the health zone Parakou-N'Dali from 2011 to 2015. Results: A total of 313 TB patients were enrolled. The average age of patients was 37.4 ± 14.3 years. The sex ratio was 2.1. Two hundred sixtyfive (265) patients were cured, a cure rate of 84.66%; 5 patients had completed treatment. Therapeutic success was observed in 270 patients (86.26%); the rate of treatment failure was 2.24%. Twenty-nine (29) patients died (9.26%); 6 patients were lost to follow and only 1 was transferred. Factors associated with treatment failure were the BMI screening to the lower than 18.5 kg/m2 (p = 0.000) and hospitalization (p = 0.002).Conclusion: The therapeutic outcome of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the health zone Parakou-N'Dali was characterized by a low rate process complete, lost sight and transfers

Evaluation Of The Suitability And Acceptability Of A Newly Designed Infant Flour For Infant Feeding In The District Of Bopa In South Of Benin

Infant feeding practices do not always fit with quantity and quality requirements, leading to low expression of growth potential. In Benin, 43.1% of children less than 6 months old are exclusively breastfed with 68% of children aged 6-8 months receiving complementary food. The study aimed to produce infant flour from raw food ingredients available in Bopa district and to test its acceptability by 6-12 months old children. In a first step of the study, formulation and determination of nutritional characteristics of the infant flour occurred. A second step concerned acceptability tests of gruel made from formulated infant flour. The study sample was composed of sixty five mothers and their children. Children&apos;s acceptability test took place in the morning for three consecutive days. The gruel was consumed ad libitum. Mothers&apos; acceptability test consisted of appreciation of organoleptic characteristics of the gruel and the infant flour processing.The infant flour was made of maize (65 %), bean (20 %) and peanut (15 %) and was manually processed. Chemical analyses showed that it contains 4.3% of moisture, 69.3% of carbohydrates, 15.1% of proteins, 10.7% of lipids, less than 5% of crude fibres and 1.9% of ash. Its energy density (433.9 kcal/100g) was significantly greater than Codex Alimentarius standards (p<0.05).The infant flour contained microbial germs up to 4.8log CFU/gwhich was closed to maximum standard. Total coliforms (1.7log CFU/g) were significantly lower than standard values. The flour was yeast, mould and pathogen ( Escherichia coli ) free. Hundred grams gruel was made from 40g of infant flour, 6g of malted maize and 250ml of stock of boiled greens leaves (Solanummacrocarpum). Dry matter content of gruel was 19.2% and its energy density was 81.5 kcal/100g. Based on the ratio of intake and amount served, 83.3% of children accepted the gruel. However based on the ratio of the amount of porridge consumed during the test to the amount usually consumed by the children, 65.2% of the children accepted the gruel. Mothers&apos; appreciation of the gruel ranged from unpleasant to very pleasant with 40% as pleasant. Sixty percent of mothers judged the infant flour processing as easy and feasible. All mothers expressed their desire to feed their children with the gruel. Improving nutritional status of their children motivated their decision. It is concluded that integrating this infant flour in nutrition and counselling package targeted to mothers may be of a great benefit to the children

Effects of multiannual, seasonal unconditional cash transfers on food security and dietary diversity in rural Burkina Faso: The Moderate Acute Malnutrition Out (MAM’Out) cluster-randomized controlled trial

PRIFPRI3; ISI; CRP4; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for allPHND; A4NHCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH

Unconditional cash transfers do not prevent children’s undernutrition in the Moderate Acute Malnutrition Out (MAM’Out) cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso

PRIFPRI3; CRP4; ISIPHND; A4NHCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH

Maintien de l’abstinence chez les patients alcoolo-dependants: étude comparee de la disponibilite et du cout du traitement par le baclofene, l’acamprosate, et la naltrexone a Cotonou (Benin) et a Lome (Togo)

Contexte et but de l’étude: L’alcoolisme chronique est devenu un problème de santé publique en Afrique subsaharienne. En plus des moyens psychothérapeutiques, sa prise en charge passe par la chimiothérapie. Dans notre contexte, très peu de moyens chimiothérapeutiques existent. Le but de cette étude est de comparer le Baclofène, l’Acamprosate et la Naltrexone sur le plan disponibilité et coût du traitement mensuel de l’alcoolisme chronique au Togo et au Bénin.Méthode d’étude: Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale et analytique portant sur la disponibilité et le coût du traitement mensuel de l’alcoolisme chronique par le Baclofène, l’Acamprosate et la Naltrexone à Lomé et à Cotonou du 17 février 2014 au 14 avril 2014.Résultats: Le Baclofène est disponible dans 42,1% des pharmacies à Cotonou et dans 27,3% des pharmacies à Lomé. Aucune pharmacie ne dispose ni de l’Acamprosate, ni  de la Naltrexone. En spécialité, le traitement mensuel à base du Baclofène varie entre 106512 et 117600 CFA à Cotonou et entre 99960 et 118608 CFA à Lomé. En générique, le traitement mensuel à base du Baclofène varie entre 40824 et 50400 CFA à Cotonou et entre 36624 et 61488 CFA à Lomé. La non prescription a été la première raison de l’indisponibilité des autres médicaments à Cotonou comme à Lomé.Conclusion: Dans nos milieux, du fait que le Baclofène est le seul disponible, il peut être considéré comme une solution alternative dans le maintien de l’abstinence chez l’alcoolo-dépendant.Mots clés: Alcoolisme, Baclofène, Acamprosate, Naltrexone, AfriqueEnglish Title: Maintaining in alcohol-dependent patients:comparative study on the availability and cost of treatment with baclofen, acamprosate and naltrexone in Cotonou (Benin) and Lomé (Togo)English AbstractContext and purpose of the study: Chronic alcoholism became a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Besides the psychotherapeutic means, its support passes by medicines. In our context, very few medicines exist. The goal of this study is to compare the Baclofen, Acamprosate and Naltrexone on the availability plan and cost of the monthly treatment of chronic alcoholism in Togo and Benin.Method of study: It was about a cross-sectional study and analytical bearing on the availability and the cost of the monthly treatment of chronic alcoholism by the Baclofen, Acamprosate and Naltrexone in Lome and Cotonou from February 17th, 2014 to April 14th, 2014.Results: Baclofen is available in 42.1% of pharmacies in Cotonou and 27.3% of pharmacies in Lomé. No pharmacy has neither Acamprosate, nor Naltrexone. In speciality, the monthly treatment with baclofen varies between 106,512 and 117,600 CFA in Cotonou and between 99,960 and 118,608 CFA in Lomé. In generic, the monthly treatment with the baclofen varies between 40,824 and 50,400 CFA in Cotonou and between 36624 and 61488 CFA in Lomé. No prescription was the first reason of the unavailability of the other drugs in Cotonou as in Lome.Conclusion: In our circles, owing to the fact that the Baclofen is the only available one, it can be considered as an alternative in maintaining abstinence in the alcoholic-dependent.Keywords: Alcoholism, Baclofen, Acamprosate, Naltrexone, Afric

Costs and cost-efficiency of a mobile cash transfer to prevent child undernutrition during the lean season in Burkina Faso: a mixed methods analysis from the MAM’Out randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background This study assessed the costs and cost-efficiency of a mobile cash transfer implemented in Tapoa Province, Burkina Faso in the MAM’Out randomized controlled trial from June 2013 to December 2014, using mixed methods and taking a societal perspective by including costs to implementing partners and beneficiary households. Methods Data were collected via interviews with implementing staff from the humanitarian agency and the private partner delivering the mobile money, focus group discussions with beneficiaries, and review of accounting databases. Costs were analyzed by input category and activity-based cost centers. cost-efficiency was analyzed by cost-transfer ratios (CTR) and cost per beneficiary. Qualitative analysis was conducted to identify themes related to implementing electronic cash transfers, and barriers to efficient implementation. Results The CTR was 0.82 from a societal perspective, within the same range as other humanitarian transfer programs; however the intervention did not achieve the same degree of cost-efficiency as other mobile transfer programs specifically. Challenges in coordination between humanitarian and private partners resulted in long wait times for beneficiaries, particularly in the first year of implementation. Sensitivity analyses indicated a potential 6% reduction in CTR through reducing beneficiary wait time by one-half. Actors reported that coordination challenges improved during the project, therefore inefficiencies likely would be resolved, and cost-efficiency improved, as the program passed the pilot phase. Conclusions Despite the time required to establish trusting relationships among actors, and to set up a network of cash points in remote areas, this analysis showed that mobile transfers hold promise as a cost-efficient method of delivering cash in this setting. Implementation by local government would likely reduce costs greatly compared to those found in this study context, and improve cost-efficiency especially by subsidizing expansion of mobile money network coverage and increasing cash distribution points in remote areas which are unprofitable for private partners

Prescription des antipsychotiques en psychiatrie au Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Manga de Cotonou

Objectifs: Analyser la prise en charge antipsychotique des patients suivis au Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou MAGA (CNHU-HKM) de Cotonou et déterminer les autres psychotropes couramment associés aux antipsychotiques au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou.Cadre et méthode: Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale analytique portant sur les nouveaux patients de 2013, réinvités pour une enquête, dans le service de Psychiatrie du CNHU-HKM de Cotonou du 15 août au 15 octobre 2014.Résultats: En 2013, 551 patientsontété des nouveaux patients. Deux cent soixantecinqpatients (48,1%) ontuneprescriptiond’antipsychotique. La dépression et la schizophrénie ont été les plus représentées (32,8% et 16,6%). Deux cent-dix (79,2%) patients ont une prescription d’antipsychotique de 1ère génération. La monothérapie antipsychotique a été plus prescrite (56,0%). La monothérapie a plus concerné les cas de dépression (77,0%) et la bithérapie les cas de schizophrénie (79,5%). Cent quarante (52,8%) patients ont une prescription d’antiparkinsonien. Les antidépresseurs et les benzodiazépines ont été les plus associés aux antipsychotiques (64,5% et 38,1%). L’ESRS a détecté chez 31,7% de patients un parkinsonisme et chez 11,7% une dyskinésie. La différence entre la monothérapie et l’association de plusieurs antipsychotiques par rapport aux effets indésirables neurologiques a été significative.Conclusion: La prescription des antipsychotiques concerne aussi bien la dépressionque les troubles psychotiques et les troublesanxieux.Mots clés: Antipsychotique, Psychiatrie, Cotonou, BéninEnglish Title: Prescription of antipsychotics in psychiatry of Hubert Koutoukou Manga National University Hospital Centre of CotonouEnglish AbstractObjectives: Analyze the antipsychotic coverage of the patients followed in the Hubert Koutoukou MAGA National University Hospital Center (CNHU-HKM) of Cotonou; and determine the other psychotropics commonly associated to the antipsychotics at the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou.Method: It was an analytical cross-sectional study concerning the new patients of 2013, invited for an investigation, in the psychiatric department of the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou from August 15th till October 15th, 2014.Results: In 2013, 551 patients were new patients. Two hundred and sixty five patients (48.1%) had an antipsychotic prescription. Depression and schizophrenia were the most represented (32.8% and 16.6%). 79.2% of patients have a first generation antipsychotic prescription. Antipsychotic monotherapy was more prescribed (56.0%). Monotherapy was more concerned with depression (77.0%) and dual therapy with cases of schizophrenia (79.5%). 52.8% of patients have a prescription of corrector. Antidepressants and benzodiazepines were the most associated with antipsychotics (64.5% and 38.1%). 31.7% had Parkinsonism and 11.7% had dyskinesia. The difference between monotherapy and the association of several antipsychotics with neurological adverse effects was significant.Conclusion: The prescription of antipsychotics concerns depression as well as psychotic disorders and anxiety disorders.Keywords: Antipsychotics, Psychiatry, Cotonou, Beni