250 research outputs found

    Incidence de l'epilepsie aprĂšs un accident vasculaire cerebral Ă  Parakou en 2014

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    Introduction: les accidents vasculaires cĂ©rĂ©braux (AVC) constituent une des principales causes acquises de l'Ă©pilepsie de l'adulte mais peu de donnĂ©es sont disponibles sur l'incidence de l'Ă©pilepsie aprĂšs un AVC en Afrique. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d'estimer l'incidence de l'Ă©pilepsie chez les patients victimes d'AVC Ă  Parakou. MĂ©thodes: il s'est agi d'une Ă©tude de type cohorte dynamique ayant inclus 203 patients victimes d'AVC et hospitalisĂ©s dans le service de neurologie du CHU de Parakou. Les patients aux antĂ©cĂ©dents d'Ă©pilepsie Ă©taient exclus du suivi. Les patients Ă©taient suivis sur une pĂ©riode de 21mois allant du 1er Janvier 2013 au 30 Septembre 2014. L'Ă©pilepsie Ă©tait dĂ©finie selon les critĂšres de la Ligue Internationale contre l'Epilepsie. RĂ©sultats: ils Ă©taient ĂągĂ©s de 18 Ă  99 ans avec une moyenne de 58,4 ans ± 14,2 ans. Le dĂ©lai moyen de consultation aprĂšs l'installation des symptĂŽmes Ă©tait de 54,3h (+/-112,9h). Les AVC ischĂ©miques reprĂ©sentaient 45,8%, les hĂ©morragiques 31% et 23,2% d'indĂ©terminĂ©s. L'incidence cumulĂ©e de l'Ă©pilepsie Ă©tait de 17. La densitĂ© d'incidence de l'Ă©pilepsie Ă©tait de 9,8 pour 100 personnes-annĂ©es. Les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  la survenue de l'Ă©pilepsie Ă©taient le niveau d'instruction, la durĂ©e d'hospitalisation et le score de BARTHEL. Conclusion: l'incidence de l'Ă©pilepsie reste trĂšs Ă©levĂ©e et la prise en compte des facteurs associĂ©s dans les stratĂ©gies de prise en charge pourrait permettre de rĂ©duire sa charge globale

    Enquete sur la prevalence de la migraine chez l’adulte a titirou au Nord du Benin en 2017

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    Introduction: La migraine est une maladie neurologique frĂ©quente en population, source de handicap et classĂ©e 13Ăšme des affections les plus handicapantes par l’OMS. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’étudier la prĂ©valence de la migraine Ă  Titirou en 2017. MĂ©thodes: Il s’est agi d’une Ă©tude transversale de type porte-Ă -porte menĂ©e sur 2065 sujets ĂągĂ©s de 18 Ă  65 ans. L’enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e sur une pĂ©riode de 4 mois allant du 10 avril au 05 aoĂ»t 2017. Les critĂšres diagnostiques de l’International Headache Society (IHS) de 2013 ont servi de base pour le diagnostic de la migraine. Les informations sociodĂ©mographiques, le poids et taille et les donnĂ©es relatives Ă  la frĂ©quence et l’intensitĂ© des cĂ©phalĂ©es furent collectĂ©s. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© saisies, traitĂ©es et analysĂ©es grĂące au logiciel Epi Info version 2.2.0.165. RĂ©sultats: Il y avait une prĂ©dominance masculine avec un sex-ratio de 1,41. Les sujets Ă©taient ĂągĂ©s de 18 Ă  65 ans avec une moyenne d’ñge de 31,87±8,37ans. La prĂ©valence des cĂ©phalĂ©es Ă©tait de 63,49%. La  prĂ©valence de la migraine Ă  Titirou Ă©tait de 3,82% [IC95% : (3,06%-4,72%)] (79 sur les 2065). Les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  la migraine Ă©taient l’ñge (p=0,0026), le sexe (p=0,0001), le niveau d’instruction (p=0,0039), la profession (p<10-4 ) et l’indice de masse corporelle (p<10-4 ). L’intensitĂ© des cĂ©phalĂ©es Ă©tait modĂ©rĂ©e dans 44,30%, forte dans 51,90%,  extrĂȘmement forte chez 3,80% des sujets. La plupart des migraineux  (78,48%), avait moins de 5 crises par mois. La migraine avec aura  reprĂ©sentait 49,4%. Les auras les plus observĂ©es Ă©taient les phosphĂšnes (34,18%), les scotomes (13,92%) et l’aura sensitive (13,92%). Les  facteurs dĂ©clenchant les accĂšs Ă©taient le manque de sommeil (84,81%), la contrariĂ©tĂ© (68,35%) et le souci (62,03%). Conclusion : La migraine est assez frĂ©quente et sa prĂ©valence est comparable Ă  celle rapportĂ©e dans la plupart des Ă©tudes en communautĂ© en Afrique.Mots clĂ©s: Migraine -PrĂ©valence-Adulte-Benin Introduction: The migraine is a common neurological disorder with a serious handicap and classified as the 13th disabling disease worldwide. The most consistently data on epidemiology of migraine are available in general population in Africa but not in northern Benin. We aimed to study the prevalence of migraine at Titirou in Parakou in 2017. Methods: This was a cross-sectional with door-to-door survey which included 2065 subjects aged 18 to 65 years. The survey was conducted over a period of 4 months from 10 April to 05 August 2017. The IHS diagnostic criteria of 2013 were used to define migraine. Socio-demographics information was collected. The data were analyzed using Epi Info 2.2.0.165.fr software. Results: There was a male predominance with 58.45% of men with sex ratio of 1.41. The mean age was 31.87 ± 8.37 years. The prevalence of headache was 63.49%. The prevalence of migraine in Titirou was 3.82% [95%CI: 3.06%-4.72%]. The associated factors were the age (p=0.00), the sex (p=0.00), level of education (p=0.00), occupation (p<10-4 ) and the body mass index (p<10-4 ). The migraine with aura represented 49.4%. The most type were visual aura (34.18%), sensitive aura (13.92%) and scotoma (13.92%).The intensity of headache was moderate in 44.30%, strong in 51.90%, extremely strong in 3.80% of subjects. The main triggering factors were lack of sleep (84.81%), annoyance (68.35%) and worry (62.03%). Conclusion: Migraine was more frequent in Parakou and this data are comparable to those reported elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa.Key words: Headache, Migraine- Prevalence, epidemiology, Adult; Benin

    Myasthenie auto-immune: diagnostic et prise en charge. A propos de six cas au Benin et au Gabon

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    La myasthĂ©nie est une maladie auto-immune qui se caractĂ©rise par une faiblesse musculaire fluctuante, s’aggravant Ă  l’effort et s’amĂ©liorant au repos, mettant en jeu le pronostic vital. Le polymorphisme clinique de cette affection rend souvent le diagnostic clinique difficile. Aussi le dosage des anticorps anti rĂ©cepteur d’acĂ©tylcholine (AC anti Rach) et l’ENMG sont les principaux outils du diagnostic. Les auteurs rapportent 6 cas de myasthĂ©nie pour mettre en relief les difficultĂ©s de diagnostic et de prise en charge en Afrique subsaharienne.Mots clĂ©s: Ac anti-Rach, MyasthĂ©nie, Ă©lectromyogramme, AfriqueEnglish Title: Myasthenia autoimmune: diagnosis and management. About six cases in Benin and GabonEnglish AbstractMyasthenia is a life threatening autoimmune disease presenting varying degrees of muscle weakness becoming worse during effort and released by rest. Its clinical polymorphism makes difficult the diagnosis. The anti-AChR antibodies testing and EMNG are the main diagnostic tools. The authors report 6 cases of myasthenia to underline the difficulties regarding diagnosis and management of this disease in sub-Saharan Africa.Keywords: Anti-AChR antibodies, Myasthenia, Electromyogram, Afric

    L’infection a virus de l’Immunodeficience Humaine (VIH), facteur predictif de gravite et de mortalite des accidents vasculaires cerebraux au Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire-Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) de Cotonou, Benin

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    Introduction: L’atteinte du systĂšme nerveux central est frĂ©quente et prĂ©coce au cours de l’infection Ă  VIH. Cependant, la survenue de l’accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral (AVC) au cours de l’évolution naturelle du VIH est peu documentĂ©e.Objectif: DĂ©terminer la prĂ©valence hospitaliĂšre du VIH chez les patients AVC et comparer les caractĂ©ristiques cliniques des AVC entre les sujets infectĂ©s et non infectĂ©s par le VIH.MĂ©thode: Etude transversale qui s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e au CNHU-HKM de janvier 2008 Ă  dĂ©cembre 2011. Elle a portĂ© sur 432 sujets tous hĂ©tĂ©rosexuels, atteints d’AVC confirmĂ© par un scanner cĂ©rĂ©bral et ayant bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’une sĂ©rologie VIH. Deux groupes ont Ă©tĂ© constituĂ©s. Le groupe des sujets AVC infectĂ©s par le VIH (AVCVIH+) et le groupe des sujets AVC non infectĂ©s par le VIH (AVCVIH-). La gravitĂ© de l’AVC sur la base du score NIHSS Ă  l’admission et la mortalitĂ© Ă  J30 ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es. Le logiciel Epi info a servi Ă  l’analyse des donnĂ©es.RĂ©sultats: La prĂ©valence hospitaliĂšre du VIH chez les patients atteints d’AVC Ă©tait de 26,1% (113/432). L’ñge moyen des PVVIH Ă©tait de 43 ± 7 ans. Aucun d’eux ne se connaissait VIH+ avant l’admission. La mĂ©diane des CD4  était basse : 119±36/mm3. Il n’y a pas de diffĂ©rence significative entre les deux groupes pour ce qui concerne l’ñge (p=0,08), le sexe (p=0,24), l’antĂ©cĂ©dent d’HTA (p=0,2), l’antĂ©cĂ©dent de diabĂšte (p=0,231). En revanche, l’AVC ischĂ©mique (67,3% vs 62,4% ; p=0,02) et la mortalitĂ© Ă  J30 (23% vs 10,5% ; p=0,007) Ă©taient significativement plus Ă©levĂ©s chez les sujets VIH+ que les VIH-. De mĂȘme, l’AVC Ă  l’admission (NIHSS>13 ; p=0,002) Ă©tait plus grave dans le groupe AVCVIH+ que dans le groupe AVCVIH-. Le risque de faire un AVC est multipliĂ© par au moins 2 lorsque le sujet Ă©tait sĂ©ropositif que sĂ©ronĂ©gatif pour le VIH, tous autres facteurs Ă©tant Ă©gaux par ailleurs (RR=2,3).Conclusion: Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que l’AVC est frĂ©quent au cours de l’infection Ă  VIH et peut ĂȘtre son mode de rĂ©vĂ©lation. De mĂȘme, l’infection Ă  VIH apparait comme un facteur de risque de mauvais pronostic au cours de l’AVC.Mots clĂ©s: AVC, VIH, gravitĂ©, mortalitĂ©, BĂ©ninEnglish Title: Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV), stroke severity and mortality predictive indicator in centre national Hospitalier et Universitaire-Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) Cotonou, BeninEnglish AbstractIntroduction: During HIV infection, the central nervous system is frequently affected. However, the occurrence of stroke during the natural course of HIV is poorly documented.Objectives: To determine the prevalence rate of HIV among stroke patients and to compare the clinical characteristics of stroke in people with HIV and those HIV free.Method: A Cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neurology department of CNHU-HKM in Cotonou from January 2008 to December 2011. It involved 432 subjects all heterosexual, with stroke confirmed by brain CT scan and who underwent HIV test. Two groups were formed. The group of stroke subjects with HIV infection (AVCVIH +) and that of stroke subjects not infected by HIV (AVCVIH-). Stroke severity based on NIHSS score at admission and mortality at day 30 was studied. Epi Info was used for data analyses.Outcome: The prevalence rate of HIV among patients with stroke was 26.1% (113/432). The average age of HIV’s subjects was 43 ± 7 years. None of them knew prior to admission that their status was HIV +. The median CD4 count was low: 119 ± 36/mm3. There is no significant difference between the two groups regarding age (p = 0.08), sex (p = 0.24), hypertension history (p = 0.2), diabetes history (p = 0.231). However, ischemic stroke (67.3% vs. 62.4%, p = 0.02) and mortality at day 30 (23% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.007) were significantly higher among HIV + than HIV-. Similarly, stroke on admission (NIHSS> 13, p = 0.002) was more severe in the group AVCVIH + than in group-AVCVIH. The risk of stroke is multiplied by at least 2 when the subject was HIV+ compare to HIV-, all other factors being equal (RR = 2.3).Conclusion: These results prove that stroke is common during HIV infection and may be one of its revealing factor. Similarly, HIV infection is a risk factor of poor outcome during stroke.Keywords: Stroke, HIV, AVC, severity, mortality, Beni

    Epilepsie en milieu scolaire : Connaissance des enseignants sur l’épilepsie au sud du BĂ©nin

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    Objectif : Evaluer le niveau de connaissance des enseignants du primaire et du secondaire sur l’épilepsie.MĂ©thodes : Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude transversale descriptive et analytique menĂ©e du 02 au 31 Mai 2019 au sud du BĂ©nin en milieu scolaire. Huit Ă©coles d’enseignements primaires et secondaires ont Ă©tĂ© choisi aprĂšs un sondage alĂ©atoire simple puis tous les enseignants prĂ©sents le jour de l’enquĂȘte et consentants ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. Leur niveau de connaissance a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ© grĂące Ă  un score calculĂ© Ă  partir des rĂ©ponses au questionnaire et les facteurs associĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s.RĂ©sultats : Au total 189 enseignants d’ñge moyen de 35,4 ± 7,6 ans avec une prĂ©dominance masculine (156 hommes) et une sex-ratio de 4,7 ont Ă©tĂ© enquĂȘtĂ©s. Le niveau de connaissance de l’épilepsie Ă©tait faible chez 59,8%. Pour 46,6% des enseignants, l’épilepsie Ă©tait contagieuse. L’ñge (p=0,042) et l’anciennetĂ© dans l’enseignement (p=0,003) Ă©taient associĂ©s au faible niveau de connaissance ; les enseignants ĂągĂ©s de 30 Ă  40 ans et ceux ayant entre 1 Ă  5 ans d’anciennetĂ© avaient un plus mauvais niveau de connaissance sur l’épilepsie.Conclusion : Au sud du BĂ©nin, le niveau de connaissance des enseignants des Ă©coles primaires et secondaires sur l’épilepsie est faible, avec comme facteurs associĂ©s l’ñge et l’anciennetĂ© dans l’enseignement. Des campagnes de sensibilisation sont indispensables pour la rĂ©duction de la stigmatisation qui est attribuĂ©e Ă  l’épilepsie

    Determinants of Adherence to Recommendations of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension in Adults with Hypertension Treated in a Hospital in Benin

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    Abstract The dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) is an effective nutritional strategy to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease. Optimal benefit from dietary recommendations in management of hypertension depends on the compliance. This analytic cross sectional study aimed at establishing determinants of DASH among adults with hypertension treated at hospital in Benin. The study included 150 hypertensive adults selected during medical visit for blood pressure monitoring at hospital Saint-Luc in Cotonou from June 3 rd to July 1 st , 2014. Data on consumption of sodium, fruits and vegetables, alcohol, saturated and trans fat rich products were collected by questionnaire. A score of adherence to DASH was built. Determinants of adherence to DASH were identified using logistic regression model. Only 20% of subjects showed adherence to DASH. Better knowledge on hypertension OR=5.18 (95%IC 1.98-13.22) and healthy dietary habits and lifestyle prior to diagnosis of hypertension OR=4.26 (95%IC 1.67-13.18) increased the likelihood of adherence to dietary recommendations for hypertension management. Nutrition education and information of patients on hypertension and its complications during medical consultations may increase their adherence to dietary recommendations for management of the disease

    Research protocol: essential stage of research process guaranteeing validity of results

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    La recherche scientifique est une activitĂ© obligatoire Ă  tout enseignant Ă  l’universitĂ©. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© ce travail de synthĂšse en apportant des innovations dans les composantes d’un protocole de recherche. Le but de notre travail est de rappeler aux chercheurs de tous les domaines, la dĂ©marche Ă  suivre pour rĂ©diger un bon projet de recherche encore appelĂ© protocole de recherche. Un protocole de recherche complet doit contenir les onze composantes suivantes : le titre ; l’introduction ; la problĂ©matique ; l’hypothĂšse ; les objectifs ; les gĂ©nĂ©ralitĂ©s ; la mĂ©thode ; le calendrier ; le budget ; la bibliographie et la mention des liens d’intĂ©rĂȘt. La mĂ©thode d’étude est la partie essentielle du protocole de recherche. En conclusion, tout chercheur doit maĂźtriser la procĂ©dure d’élaboration d’un protocole de recherche lui permettant d’aboutir Ă  des rĂ©sultats valides et de publier des articles scientifiques de bonne qualitĂ©.Scientific research is a compulsory activity for every university teacher. We realized this synthetic work by bringing innovations in research protocol components. The purpose of our work is to remind the searchers in all domains, the approach to be followed to draft a good research project also called research protocol. A complete research protocol has to include the eleven following components: title, introduction, problem, hypothesis, objectives, majorities, method, timetable, budget, bibliography and conflict of interests. The method of study is an essential part of the research protocol. As a conclusion, we can say every searcher should know and be able to elaborate a research protocol in order to obtain valid results and to publish quality scientific articles

    Health system performance for people with diabetes in 28 low- and middle-income countries:A cross-sectional study of nationally representative surveys

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    International audienceThe prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), urgently requiring detailed evidence to guide the response of health systems to this epidemic. In an effort to understand at what step in the diabetes care continuum individuals are lost to care, and how this varies between countries and population groups, this study examined health system performance for diabetes among adults in 28 LMICs using a cascade of care approach

    Association between country preparedness indicators and quality clinical care for cardiovascular disease risk factors in 44 lower- and middle-income countries:A multicountry analysis of survey data

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    BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death, globally, and health systems that deliver quality clinical care are needed to manage an increasing number of people with risk factors for these diseases. Indicators of preparedness of countries to manage cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRFs) are regularly collected by ministries of health and global health agencies. We aimed to assess whether these indicators are associated with patient receipt of quality clinical care.Methods and findingsWe did a secondary analysis of cross-sectional, nationally representative, individual-patient data from 187,552 people with hypertension (mean age 48.1 years, 53.5% female) living in 43 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and 40,795 people with diabetes (mean age 52.2 years, 57.7% female) living in 28 LMICs on progress through cascades of care (condition diagnosed, treated, or controlled) for diabetes or hypertension, to indicate outcomes of provision of quality clinical care. Data were extracted from national-level World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS), or other similar household surveys, conducted between July 2005 and November 2016. We used mixed-effects logistic regression to estimate associations between each quality clinical care outcome and indicators of country development (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita or Human Development Index [HDI]); national capacity for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases ('NCD readiness indicators' from surveys done by WHO); health system finance (domestic government expenditure on health [as percentage of GDP], private, and out-of-pocket expenditure on health [both as percentage of current]); and health service readiness (number of physicians, nurses, or hospital beds per 1,000 people) and performance (neonatal mortality rate). All models were adjusted for individual-level predictors including age, sex, and education. In an exploratory analysis, we tested whether national-level data on facility preparedness for diabetes were positively associated with outcomes. Associations were inconsistent between indicators and quality clinical care outcomes. For hypertension, GDP and HDI were both positively associated with each outcome. Of the 33 relationships tested between NCD readiness indicators and outcomes, only two showed a significant positive association: presence of guidelines with being diagnosed (odds ratio [OR], 1.86 [95% CI 1.08-3.21], p = 0.03) and availability of funding with being controlled (OR, 2.26 [95% CI 1.09-4.69], p = 0.03). Hospital beds (OR, 1.14 [95% CI 1.02-1.27], p = 0.02), nurses/midwives (OR, 1.24 [95% CI 1.06-1.44], p = 0.006), and physicians (OR, 1.21 [95% CI 1.11-1.32], p ConclusionIn this study, we observed that indicators of country preparedness to deal with CVDRFs are poor proxies for quality clinical care received by patients for hypertension and diabetes. The major implication is that assessments of countries' preparedness to manage CVDRFs should not rely on proxies; rather, it should involve direct assessment of quality clinical care
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