Economic and social value of recreational facilities in urban areas by using Travel Cost Method (Case study: Amirkola Urban Park, Mazandaran Province, Iran)

One cannot ignore the importance and role of parks and urban green space in providing the lost relief and welfare of people in industrial and civil life today as its importance and value is increasing day by day. Environment is regarded as a very valuable property form economic point of view with a wide economics range. Today, environmental economy uses different valuation methods to calculate the value of a park or an urban green space. Thereon, the value of Amirkola urban park in Babol was calculated by using valuated individual travel cost solution and physical and real carrying capacity of visitors from park. The results show that the average number of visitors in a day is 1000 -1100 people and the number of useful visiting days is 185. Regarding the average number of visitors and their traveling cost, the economic-recreational value of the park was estimated at 90.000 dollars in a useful day and 1.665.000 dollars in one year. Moreover, the physical carrying capacity of this park is estimated at 90.000 people per day and the real carrying capacity -after regarding restricting factors- is about 60.000 people per day

Economic and social value of recreational facilities in urban areas by using Travel Cost Method (Case study: Amirkola Urban Park, Mazandaran Province, Iran)

One cannot ignore the importance and role of parks and urban green space in providing the lost relief and welfare of people in industrial and civil life today as its importance and value is increasing day by day. Environment is regarded as a very valuable property form economic point of view with a wide economics range. Today, environmental economy uses different valuation methods to calculate the value of a park or an urban green space. Thereon, the value of Amirkola urban park in Babol was calculated by using valuated individual travel cost solution and physical and real carrying capacity of visitors from park. The results show that the average number of visitors in a day is 1000 -1100 people and the number of useful visiting days is 185. Regarding the average number of visitors and their traveling cost, the economic-recreational value of the park was estimated at 90.000 dollars in a useful day and 1.665.000 dollars in one year. Moreover, the physical carrying capacity of this park is estimated at 90.000 people per day and the real carrying capacity -after regarding restricting factors- is about 60.000 people per day

Analysis of effective factors on stability of local development with urban stable development approach (Case study: Moziraj Range in Babol City)

The purpose of present research is the analysis of effective factors on stability of local development with urban stable development approach in Moziraj Range of Babol city. The kind of research is practical and the method of study is descriptive-analytic. Statistical society of research consists of 390 individuals from Moziraj Range of Babol’s citizens. For collecting data and information librarian-documentary study and distribution of questionnaires were used, and analysis of data was performed by SPSS20 software and its tests such as Chi-Square, KMO and Bartlett. The questionnaires were confirmed by related experts and its stability was confirmed by doing pre-test with Cronbach’s Alfa coefficient above 0.7 for all criteria. The results of research show that the sense of belonging criteria with coefficient 0.875 has the most effect and the availability of webs and services criteria with coefficient 0.491 has the least effect on stability of local development in Moziraj Range of Babol, and also there wasn’t a meaningful relationship between individual identifiers and criteria of local stability

The effects of McKenzie and lumbar stabilization exercises on the improvement of function and pain in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

زمینه و هدف: علی رغم مطالعات فراوان در زمینه درمان کمر درد، در مورد مناسب ترین مداخله درمانی توافقی وجود ندارد. هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه تاثیر تمرین های مکنزی با تمرین های ثبات دهنده کمر در بهبود عملکرد و درد مزمن کمر بود. روش بررسی:‌ در یک کارآزمایی بالینی سی و دو بیمار با تشخیص کمر درد مزمن از طریق نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه تمرین های ثبات دهنده (16 نفر) و مکنزی (16 نفر) قرار گرفتند. درد با پرسشنامه مک گیل، ناتوانی با پرسشنامه اسوستری، دامنه حرکتی فلکسیون کمر با آزمون شوبر و زاویه لوردوز کمر با خط کش انعطاف پذیر، قبل و پس از درمان ارزیابی شد. برنامه درمان برای هر دو گروه شامل 10 جلسه تمرین روزانه و هر جلسه حدود یک ساعت بود. از آزمون‌های t مستقل، من‌ویتنی، t زوج و ویلکاکسون برای مقایسه نتایج استفاده گردید. یافته‌ها: بعد از درمان میانگین درد، ناتوانی و لوردوز کمری در هر دو گروه کاهش یافت (001/0

Analysis of effective factors on stability of local development with urban stable development approach (Case study: Moziraj Range in Babol City)

The purpose of present research is the analysis of effective factors on stability of local development with urban stable development approach in Moziraj Range of Babol city. The kind of research is practical and the method of study is descriptive-analytic. Statistical society of research consists of 390 individuals from Moziraj Range of Babol’s citizens. For collecting data and information librarian-documentary study and distribution of questionnaires were used, and analysis of data was performed by SPSS20 software and its tests such as Chi-Square, KMO and Bartlett. The questionnaires were confirmed by related experts and its stability was confirmed by doing pre-test with Cronbach’s Alfa coefficient above 0.7 for all criteria. The results of research show that the sense of belonging criteria with coefficient 0.875 has the most effect and the availability of webs and services criteria with coefficient 0.491 has the least effect on stability of local development in Moziraj Range of Babol, and also there wasn’t a meaningful relationship between individual identifiers and criteria of local stability

Effects of chemical and green nano-zinc oxide on histological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rat kidney associated with cisplatin

Cisplatin (CP) is used to treat various tumors. A main restriction of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of ZnONPs on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and rat kidney tissue damage. Eighty adult male Wistar rats (250g-270g) were divided into ten groups: Control (CON), Sham (SH), Bulk ZnO (BZnO), Chemical ZnONPs (ChZnONPs), Green ZnONPs (GrZnONPs), Cisplatin (CP), Cisplatin+BulkZnO (CP+BZnO), Cisplatin+Green ZnONPs (CP+GrZnONPs), Cisplatin+Chemical ZnONPs (CP+ChZnONPs), Cisplatin+Explant (CP+EX). CP was i.p administered 5mg/kg/week and BZnO, ChZnONPs and GrZnONPs were i.p administered at a dose of 5mg/kg/day. After 30 days of the treatment, the expression of apoptosis/anti apoptosis related genes oxidant/antioxidant factors and histological changes in the were studied. The CP-treated group showed a decrease in body weight, while the Co-administration of ZGNPs to CP-treated rats showed a significant increase compared to the CP group. The results showed that the increased mRNA level of bax, MDA and the decreased mRNA level of bcl2, SOD and CAT activities in kidney of CP group were improved when animals were treated with ZnO NPs. Our results showed that GrZnONPs, ChZnONPs and BZnO had the potential to protect against oxidative stress and cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity that this protective effect was more evident in GrZnONPs

Evaluating the water quality changes and formation of Bio-Floc in a zero-exchange water of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) culture system using different ratios of carbon to nitrogen (C:N)

The Bio-Floc has more efficacies compared to fixed Bio-film for removing the nitrogen compounds in water recirculating fish culture system. In this trial, a completely randomized experimental design was run to evaluate the roles of three different ratios of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) including 10 (treatment 10 = T10), 15 (T15) and 20 (T20), into the carp culture systems on growth and water quality. The mean individual weight was significantly higher in T20 compared to the other treatments. At the end of the experiment, the fish attained from 70 to 552.8, 704.7 and 708.8 g in T10, T15 and T20, respectively. The FCR, ammonia and nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in T10 compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). Concentration of ammonia in T10, T15 and T20 were 78, 29.9 and 29.9 mg/L, respectively.  A depletion trend was recorded in pH in all treatments during the experimental period. The electrical conductivity (EC) and Bio-Floc formation rate increased in all treatments and was significantly higher in T20. The EC of water were 1327.5, 1419.83 and 1419.83 mmos/cm in T10, T15 and T20, respectively. The rates of Bio-Floc reached to 71, 143, 163 mL/L in T10, T15 and T20, respectively. The results of this experiment indicated that using molasses to adjust C:N ratio of water at 20, enhances formation of Bio-Floc, carp growth rate and water quality in a zero-exchange water system

The frequency of using different types of pacifier and bottle nipple among 1-24 months old children

structures and malocclusion. This study assessed the prevalence of using of different types of pacifier and bottle nipple among 1-24 months old children in Kerman, Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 300 mothers interviewed at 20 specialized private pediatric offices in Kerman. The mothers had 1-24 months old children. A checklist includes items about pacifier sucking, bottle feeding habits, as well as mothers’ ability to recognize different kinds of available pacifier and bottle nipple was used. RESULTS: The rate of pacifier-sucking was 37.3%, and use of bottle feeding was 42.3%, and among of the users, 24.0 and 35.7% were used orthodontic (functional) types of pacifier and bottle nipple respectively. However, only 28.7% of mothers had adequate ability to recognize orthodontic pacifier and bottle nipple. CONCLUSION: The rates of using orthodontic kind of pacifier and bottle nipple were low, and a few mothers had adequate ability to recognize their differences. KEYWORDS: Pacifier, Bottle Feeding, Bottle Nipple, Breast Feeding, Sucking Habit

Pressure responsive nanogel base on Alginate‐Cyclodextrin with enhanced apoptosis mechanism for colon cancer delivery

5‐Fluorouracil (5‐Fu) commonly use in the treatment of different kinds of cancer, but limited cellular uptake and death is still a problem. Herein, we report a simple process for the synthesis of pressure‐sensitive nanogels that indicate to be appropriate in the delivery of 5‐Fu. The hydrogels (Al‐CD) prepare by crosslinking of alginate (Al) with modified beta Cyclodextrin (β‐CD) as Crosslinker. Next, nanoparticles obtaine by an emulsification method. 5‐Fu as model drug loades into the Al‐CD nanogels easily by mixing it in aqueous solution with the nanoparticles. The results revealed that the Al‐CD nanogels are cytocompatible. They have also a noticeable drug encapsulation (82.1 ±5.7%) while they can release (in vitro controlled) 5‐Fu in conditions that imitate the intravascular pressure conditions. These nanogels can rapidly be taken up by HT‐29 cells (a colon cell line). In addition, a higher 5‐Fu intracellular accumulation and a significant cell death extension by apoptosis mechanism is notice when compare with free 5‐Fu. Accordingly, the developed nanogels can be employe as an excellent candidate to overcome the inefficiency of 5‐Fu in anticancer treatments and possibly can employe for further evaluation as a chemotherapical agent in applications beyond cancer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 349–359, 2018.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143710/1/jbma36242.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143710/2/jbma36242_am.pd

Conflict effects of autophagy on cellular senescence in advanced ages: A systematic review

Introduction: Recently, autophagy as a highly conserved catabolic intracellular process is considered a promising therapeutic target, particularly in pathological alternations under aging conditions. This systematic review was designed to qualitatively analyze the interaction between autophagy and aging in various organs of animal models. Methods: Based on our primary search, 9478 articles were identified, and following the screening, ultimately, 80 full texts were included to proceed with further analysis. Next, using SPSS software, data analysis of autophagy and aging-related markers and autophagy alternation throughout aging, was performed. Results: Despite debatable results, we established that the most of studies showed that the autophagy process reduced in different aged organs significantly. Conclusion: The outcomes demonstrated that autophagy induction during aging was inferior to those reports that indicated the therapeutic potential of autophagy. Taken together, it should be considered that autophagy inducers could be counted as anti-aging agents