Investigation of efficacy of asenapine on passive avoidance learning and memory and oxidative stress in animal model of seizure-induced with pentylenetetrazole

Asenapine (ASE) has been used for treatment of bipolar disorder. There is also evidence that it may be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, the efficacy of ASE in an experimental model of seizure and memory impairment caused by seizures in rats has been investigated in the present study. Seizures in male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)), and the anticonvulsant effect of ASE (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was evaluated. The effect on memory was assessed using passive avoidance (PA) test in a shuttle box apparatus. After behavioral tests, the animals underwent deep anesthesia and were euthanized painlessly. Serum was isolated for oxidative stress assays (nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione (GSH)). Intraperitoneal injection of ASE decreased the mean number of myoclonic jerks and duration of generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) and increased the mean latency of myoclonic jerk and GTCS compared to the PTZ group. Moreover, in the PA test, ASE caused a significant increase in retention latency (RL) and total time spent in the light compartment (TLC) compared to the PTZ group. Biochemical tests showed that ASE was able to significantly increase GSH serum levels and significantly reduce NO serum levels compared to the PTZ group. Overall, this study suggests the potential neuroprotective effects of ASE in a model of memory impairment caused by seizures via the mechanism of inhibition of the oxidative stress pathway

Effect of amitriptyline on learning and memory consolidation in the male Wistar rats with an experimental model of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure

Amitriptyline (AMT) was developed for the treatment of chronic and neuropathic pain. There is also evidence it may be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, the effect of on the experimental model of seizures and memory impairment caused by seizures in rats is investigated in the present study. Seizures in Wistar rats (200-250 g) were induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)). The anticonvulsant effect of AMT (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) was evaluated in the seizure model. The effect on memory was assessed using passive avoidance (PA) learning and memory test. After behavioral tests, the animals underwent deep anesthesia and were put down painlessly. Animal serum was isolated for oxidant/antioxidant assays (malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)). Intraperitoneal injection of AMT decreased the mean number of myoclonic jerks and generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) duration and increased the mean latency of myoclonic jerk and GTCS compared to the PTZ group. Moreover, in the PA test, AMT caused a significant increase in retention latency (RL) and total time spent in the light compartment (TLC) compared to the PTZ group. Biochemical tests showed that AMT was able to significantly increase GPx serum levels and significantly reduce MDA serum levels compared to the PTZ group. Overall, this study suggests the potential neuroprotective effects of the AMT drug in a model of memory impairment caused by seizures via the mechanism of inhibition of the oxidative stress pathway

Experimental and numerical study on isolated and non-isolated jet behavior through centrifuge spinning system

This work presents a comparison between an isolated and a non-isolated curved liquid jet emerging from a rotating nozzle through centrifuge spinning system. In the centrifugal spinning process, a polymer solution has been pushed by the centrifugal force through small nozzle of a rapidly rotating cylindrical drum. Thereby thin fibers are formed and collected on a collector in the form of a web. Centrifuge spinning suffered from a strong air resistance which leads to a more deflected jet as well as its rapidly solvent evaporation resulting in thicker nanofibers. In this work, centrifuge spinning has been equipped by a rotating collector, whereas the fabrication process was skillfully sealed from ambient airflow. A comparison was drawn between the trajectory of Newtonian liquid jets fabricated by centrifuge spinning and air-sealed centrifuge spinning. The captured images of the liquid jet trajectory using a high speed camera showed that non-isolated liquid jets were more curved than isolated liquid jets due to air resistance. A pre-presented non-linear analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations was carried out and the numerical solutions were compared with the experiments.There was fairly good agreement between the isolated jet trajectory and the model-predicted one, but there were differences between the non-isolated jet trajectory and the simulation results. The non-isolated jet curved more compared to the others due to air drag. Also, the diameter of polymeric nanofibers was predicted and compared with experiments. Some qualitative agreement was found

An empirical study: The relationship between Internal Mechanisms of Corporate Governance and Accounting Conservatism

Corporate governance corporate governance is known as one of the effective mechanisms.  This group of capital market participants with regard to knowledge and the necessary expertise, access to effective communication channels can play a fundamental role in promoting corporate governance system and thus increase efficiency and productivity. The purpose of this study is investigating the Relationship between Internal Mechanisms of Corporate Governance and Accounting Conservatism in Corporations of Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange in period of time between 2010- 2014.This current research in terms of purpose is applied research and in terms of method is descriptive- correlational research. This study consists of five hypotheses, to test the hypothesis multivariate linear regression tests combined (firm-year) is used. The Research Findings show that there is no significant relationship between Internal Mechanisms of Corporate Governance and Accounting Conservatism in Corporations of Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The results also show that there is no significant relationship between board independence, concentration of ownership, board size and the dual duties of Director and Accounting Conservatism

Evaluation of Antinociceptive Activity of Berberis Vulgaris L. Fruit’s Hydroethanolic Extract in Male Mice: Antinociceptive activity of Berberis vulgaris in male mice

Herbal medicine has an old history with a broad application all over the world. Many researches have focused on the curative as well as antinociceptive effects of herbal extract. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic effects of Berberis vulgaris hydroethanolic extract (BVE) in male mice. 30 male mice were divided into 5 groups: control, treated by morphine, treated by BVE (150 & 300 mg/kg) and naloxane plus BVE (300 mg/kg) randomly. To assess the antinociceptive effects of BVE, the animals were examined by employing different pain models such as, tail-flick tests (for acute pain) and acetic acid-induced writhing (for chronic pain) after treatment with morphine, naloxane and BVE. The results indicate that the BVE showed an important antinociceptive effect at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively), administered intraperitoneally in mice, which significantly inhibited the abdominal constrictions (55.73% of inhibition) induced by acetic acid and increase tail-flick latency when compared to control group in the same dose, although they were less effective than morphine in the same assay. The antinociceptive models employed here reveal a potential analgesic effect of the Berberis vulgaris hydroethanolic extract. We suggest that this effect might be caused by anti-inflammatory effect and the stimulation of the opioid receptors

Wicking Phenomenon in Nanofiber-Coated Filament Yarns

ABSTRACT Wicking phenomenon has been investigated in filaments and spun yarns in different studies. In comparison with conventional structures, nanofibrous structures have unique characteristics such as higher surface-to-volume ratios, smaller pores, and higher porosity. For many nanofiber applications, a good understanding of the liquid absorption and wettability of nanofibrous is crucial. In this article, a modified electrospinning process for yarn coating with nanofiber is presented. In this method, fiber direction was controlled by manipulating the conventional system of electrospining and embedded nanofibers on yarn surface. Nylon66 filament was coated with nylon 66 nanofiber. The coating morphology and capillary phenomenon were examined in different concentrations of polymer solution. The kinetics of capillary flow of colored liquid in coated yarns with nanofiber follows the Lucas-Washburn equation. Results show that coating with nanofibers increases equilibrium wicking height. In a nanofiber coating process, with a constant feeding rate, increasing the solution concentration increases the capillary rise rate

Effect of Stachys lavandulifolia on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures, Passive Avoidance Learning, and Oxidative Stress in Male Wistar Rats

Objective:Mountain tea with the scientific moniker of Stachys lavandulifolia has been used in traditional medicine for osteoarthritis and rheumatic disorders. Its leaf extract has also been adopted to treat epilepsy and other central nervous system disorders. To evaluate the effect of S. lavandulifolia extract, the experimental model of memory impairment caused by seizures was performed in rats.Methods:Seizures in male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were induced with a challenge dose (60 mg/kg) of pentylenetetrazole. Animals were treated with either S. lavandulifolia extract (50 mg/kg) or sodium valproate (100 mg/kg) alone or in combination intraperitoneally 30 minutes before pentylenetetrazole administration. The rate of memory was assessed using the passive avoidance test. At the end of the experiments, the rats were put down painlessly via deep anesthesia, and their blood sera were isolated to assess antioxidative factors such as nitric oxide, catalase, and superoxide dismutase.Results:Pentylenetetrazole-treated group revealed a memory deficit compared with the control group. S. lavandulifolia extract exhibited protection at the dose of 50 mg/kg in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. S. lavandulifolia extract also reduced seizure-induced memory impairment, which resulted in a significant improvement in memory retrieval in passive avoidance compared with the pentylenetetrazole-treated group. In addition, S. lavandulifolia extract treatment protects the seizure-induced memory deficit by lowering nitric oxide levels and restoring the antioxidant enzyme catalase and superoxide dismutase level.Conclusion:The findings revealed that S. lavandulifolia extract exhibits significant inhibitory activity and impedes memory impairment by inhibiting oxidative stress damage

Effect of Duvelisib, a Selective PI3K Inhibitor on Seizure Activity in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Convulsions Animal Model

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, which is caused by abnormal brain activity. A wide variety of studies have shown the importance of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in epilepsy pathogenesis. Duvelisib (DUV) is a selective inhibitor of PI3K. The present study investigated the anticonvulsant potential of DUV in a rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions. Male Wistar rats (200-250 g, 8 weeks old) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with DUV at different doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, or vehicle 30 minutes prior to PTZ (70 mg/kg, IP) treatment. Based on Racine’s scale, behavioral seizures were assessed. The results showed that pretreatment with DUV prolonged the seizure stages according to the Racine scale, significantly decreased the duration of general tonic-clonic seizure and reduced the number of myoclonic jerks ( P  < .05). In conclusion, we found that PI3K antagonist DUV significantly reduced PTZ-induced seizures, indicating that DUV exerts an anticonvulsant effect by inhibiting PI3K signaling pathway

Memory enhancement by administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract on morphine-induced memory impairment in male rats

To study the chronic treatment with hydroethanolic extract of ginger (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o) would effect on the passive avoidance learning (PAL) and memory in rat. Methods: The rats were divided into eight groups. On the training trial, the mice received an electric shock when the animals were entered into the dark compartment. Twenty-four hours later, 30 min after treatment, the STL (step-through latency) and TDC (total time in dark compartments) was recorded and defined as the retention trial. Results: The time latency in morphine-treated group was lower than control (P<0.001). Treatment of the animals by 100 and 200 mg/kg of ginger extract before the training trial increased the time latency at 24 hours after the training trial (P<0.01 and P<0.001). Administration of both 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of the extract in morphine received animal groups before retention trials also increased the time latency than the morphine-treated group groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results revealed that the ginger extract attenuated morphine-induced memory impairment

Effect of Zingiber Officinale (Ginger Rhizomes) Hydroethanolic Extract on Hyoscine-Induced Memory Impairment in Adult Male Rats

Background: The spice Zingiber officinale or ginger possesses antioxidant activity andneuroprotective effects. In this study we hypothesized that treatment with hydroethanolicextract of ginger (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o) would effect on the hyoscine-induced memoryimpairment in rats.Methods: In this experimental study 64 male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (8 ratsin each group): normal saline, hyoscine (1 mg/kg), ginger extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg),or hyoscine (1 mg/kg) plus ginger extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). Memory impairment wasinduced by a single injection of hyoscine (1 mg/kg, i.p). Cognitive functions were evaluatedusing passive avoidance learning (PAL) task. Retention test was carried out 24 h after training,and the latency of entering the dark compartment [step-through latency (STL)] and the totaltime in the dark compartment (TDC) were recorded. All statistical analysis was carried out at5% level of significance using SPSS version 21. The data were analyzed by ANOVA followedby Tukey’s test.Results: The time latency in hyoscine-treated group was lower than control (133.87±14.60vs. 242.12±10.58; p&lt;0.001, respectively). Treatment of the animals by 100 and 200 mg/kg ofginger extract before the training trial increased the time latency at 24 h after the training trial(277±4.67 and 280.37±7.68; p&lt;0.01, respectively). Administration of both 100 and 200 mg/kgdoses of the extract in hyoscine received animal groups before retention trials also increasedthe time latency than the hyoscine-treated groups (247.37±7.62 and 271.87±9.11; p&lt;0.001,respectively).Conclusion: The results revealed that the ginger hydroethanolic extract attenuated hyoscineinducedmemory impairment