Removal of Various Textile Dyes from Aqueous Solution Using Low Cost Biodegradable Adsorbent

In textile industry, dyes remove from solution using synthetic materials which is harmful for environment and expensive. In this research work acid treated saw dust(ATSD) used to remove of dyes from aqueous solution. It is environment friendly & cheap. This research work has been carried out using Acid dye,1:2 metal complex dye, Acid-reactive dye, Reactive dye. The objective of work was how many dye separately removes from solution. Acid & 1:2 metal complex dye removed from auxiliary free aqueous solution. In similar dye concentration(gm/l) less ATSD removes acid dye than 1:2 metal complex dye. By Beers-lambert law we explained the deviation of ATSD solution from standard solution of T% & Wavelength curve

Effect of Drying Methods on the Steroidal Alkaloid Content of Potato Peels, Shoots and Berries

peer-reviewedThe present study has found that dried potato samples yielded significantly higher levels of steroidal alkaloids such as α-solanine and α-chaconine than the corresponding fresh samples, as determined by the UPLC-MS/MS technique. Among the drying techniques used, air drying had the highest effect on steroidal alkaloid contents, followed by freeze drying and vacuum oven drying. There was no significant difference between the freeze dried and vacuum oven dried samples in their α-chaconine contents. However, freeze dried potato shoots and berries had significantly higher α-solanine contents (825 µg/g dry weight (DW) in shoots and 2453 µg/g DW in berries) than the vacuum oven dried ones (325 µg/g dry weight (DW) in shoots and 2080 µg/g DW in berries). The kinetics of steroidal alkaloid contents of potato shoots during air drying were monitored over a period of 21 days. Both α-solanine and α-chaconine content increased to their maximum values, 875 µg/g DW and 3385 µg/g DW, respectively, after 7 days of drying. The steroidal alkaloid contents of the shoots decreased significantly at day 9, and then remained unchanged until day 21. In line with the potato shoots, air dried potato tuber peels also had higher steroidal alkaloid content than the freeze dried and vacuum oven dried samples. However, a significant decrease of steroidal alkaloid content was observed in air dried potato berries, possibly due to degradation during slicing of the whole berries prior to air drying. Remarkable variation in steroidal alkaloid contents among different tissue types of potato plants was observed with the potato flowers having the highest content.This study has been carried out with the financial support from the Potato Peel project funded under the Food Institutional Research Measure (FIRM, 11F/050; NovTechIng) by the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine

Enrichment and Assessment of the Contributions of the Major Polyphenols to the Total Antioxidant Activity of Onion Extracts: A Fractionation by Flash Chromatography Approach

peer-reviewedThe present study extensively fractionated crude red onion extract in order to identify the polyphenols which contributed most in the total antioxidant capacity of the onion extract using a flash chromatography system. The flash separations produced 70 fractions which were tested for their total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacities as measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Out of these 70 fractions, four fractions which were representatives of the four major peaks of the flash chromatograms, were further analysed for their constituent polyphenols using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The main contributor of onion antioxidant capacity is quercetin glycoside followed by quercetin aglycone although quercetin aglycone had higher antioxidant capacity than its glycosidic counterparts. High abundance of quercetin glycosides such as quercetin-3,4′-diglucoside and quercetin-4′-glucoside had compensated for their relatively low antioxidant capacities. A Higher degree of glycosylation resulted in lower antioxidant capacity. The fractionation approach also contributed in enrichment of the onion antioxidant polyphenols. A >9 folds enrichment was possible by discarding the early fractions (fractions 1–15) which contained the main bulk of the extracts, predominantly sugars.This work was supported by the Irish Phytochemical Food Network funded by Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine (FIRM 06/NITAFRC/6)

A Review of Extraction and Analysis of Bioactives in Oat and Barley and Scope for Use of Novel Food Processing Technologies

peer-reviewedOat and barely are cereal crops mainly used as animal feed and for the purposes of malting and brewing, respectively. Some studies have indicated that consumption of oat and barley rich foods may reduce the risk of some chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes and cancer. Whilst there is no absolute consensus, some of these benefits may be linked to presence of compounds such as phenolics, vitamin E and β-glucan in these cereals. A number of benefits have also been linked to the lipid component (sterols, fatty acids) and the proteins and bioactive peptides in oats and barley. Since the available evidence is pointing toward the possible health benefits of oat and barley components, a number of authors have examined techniques for recovering them from their native sources. In the present review, we summarise and examine the range of conventional techniques that have been used for the purpose of extraction and detection of these bioactives. In addition, the recent advances in use of novel food processing technologies as a substitute to conventional processes for extraction of bioactives from oats and barley, has been discussed.The authors acknowledge financial support from the NutriCerealIreland project funded under the Food Institutional Research Measure (FIRM 11/SF/317) of the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine

Factors Influencing Bursting Strength of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics

The purpose of this article is to assist engineers in making quick decisions to improve the strength of single jersey knit fabric. This article focused on the different parameters of the single jersey knit fabrics (like stitch length, yarn count, GSM, tightness factor, and fabric thickness) are considered to know their influence on the bursting strength. Five hypotheses have been developed for plain, pique, and fleece knits. Analyses of Variance (ANOVA), correlation coefficient, and regression analysis are executed using the STATA 14.1 program to test the hypotheses at a 5% level of significance. Three of the five hypotheses are rejected. This study supports that the bursting strength of the fabric is dependent on the tightness factor, stitch length, and count of the single jersey knitted fabrics. Here, the stitch length, count, and tightness factor are inversely proportional to the bursting strength. The GSM and fabric thickness have less impact on the bursting strength

Recovery of Steroidal Alkaloids from Potato Peels Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction

peer-reviewedA higher yield of glycoalkaloids was recovered from potato peels using pressurized liquid extraction (1.92 mg/g dried potato peels) compared to conventional solid–liquid extraction (0.981 mg/g dried potato peels). Response surface methodology deduced the optimal temperature and extracting solvent (methanol) for the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of glycoalkaloids as 80 °C in 89% methanol. Using these two optimum PLE conditions, levels of individual steroidal alkaloids obtained were of 597, 873, 374 and 75 µg/g dried potato peel for α-solanine, α-chaconine, solanidine and demissidine respectively. Corresponding values for solid liquid extraction were 59%, 46%, 40% and 52% lower for α-solanine, α-chaconine, solanidine and demissidine respectivelyThis study has been carried out with the financial support from the Potato Peel project funded under the Food Institutional Research Measure (FIRM, 08/RD/AFRC/673) by the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine

Exploring the effects of pulsed electric field processing parameters on polyacetylene extraction from carrot slices

peer-reviewedThe effects of various pulsed electric field (PEF) parameters on the extraction of polyacetylenes from carrot slices were investigated. Optimised conditions with regard to electric field strength (1–4 kV/cm), number of pulses (100–1500), pulse frequency (10–200 Hz) and pulse width (10–30 μs) were identified using response surface methodology (RSM) to maximise the extraction of falcarinol (FaOH), falcarindiol (FaDOH) and falcarindiol-3-acetate (FaDOAc) from carrot slices. Data obtained from RSM and experiments fitted significantly (p < 0.0001) the proposed second-order response functions with high regression coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.82 to 0.75. Maximal FaOH (188%), FaDOH (164.9%) and FaDOAc (166.8%) levels relative to untreated samples were obtained from carrot slices after applying PEF treatments at 4 kV/cm with 100 number of pulses of 10 μs at 10 Hz. The predicted values from the developed quadratic polynomial equation were in close agreement with the actual experimental values with low average mean deviations (E%) ranging from 0.68% to 3.58%

Profiling of Phytochemicals in Tissues from Sclerocarya birrea by HPLC-MS and Their Link with Antioxidant Activity

peer-reviewedHigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed to investigate the differences in phytochemicals in roots, bark, and leaf of Sclerocarya birrea (marula) for methanol and water extracts that exhibited the best antioxidant activities. As many as 36 compounds were observed in the extracts of these tissues of which 27 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified. The HPLC-MS/MS results showed flavonoid glycosides were prominent in leaf extracts while the galloylated tannins were largely in bark and root extracts. Four flavonoid glycosides that were reported for the first time in the marula leaf have been identified. The HPLC-MS/MS studies also illustrated different degrees (highest degree = 3) of oligomerisation and galloylation of tannins in the bark and root extracts

Measurement and Characterization of 28 nm FDSOI CMOS Test Circuits for an LTE Wireless Transceiver Front-End

This master thesis was part of a project at the Acreo Swedish ICT AB to investigate the 28 nm FDSOI CMOS process technology for the LTE front-end application. The project has resulted in a chip that contains different test circuits such as power amplifier (PA), mixer, low noise amplifier (LNA), RF power switch, and a receiver front-end. This thesis presents the evaluation of the RF power switch. At first, a stand-alone six-stacked single pole single throw (SPST) RF power switch was designed according to Rascher, and then it was modified to single pole double throw (SPDT) RF power switch according to the requirements of the project. This report presents an overview of the FDSOI CMOS process, basic theory of the RF switch, and the evaluation techniques. The post-simulation results showed that with the proper substrate biasing and matching (50 Ω), the RF switch will provide 2.5 dB insertion loss (IL) up to 27 dBm input power and over 30 dB isolation with 30 dBm input power at 2 GHz.Detta examensarbete har varit en del av ett projekt på Acreo Swedish ICT AB för att undersöka 28 nm FDSOI CMOS teknik för LTE front-end tillämpningar. Projektet har resulterat i ett chip som innehåller olika testkretsar: effektförstärkare, mixer, RF-effektomkoppare, LNA, och en mottagarfront-end. Denna avhandling presenterar en utvärdering av RF-omkopplaren. En SPST RF-omkopplare med sex staplade transistor konstruerades enligt Rascher. Sedan modifierades konstruktionen till en SPDT-omkoppare i enlighet med kraven för projektet. Denna rapport presenterar en översikt över FDSOI CMOS-tekniken, grundläggande teori för en RF switch samt utvärderingsmetoder. Simuleringsresultaten visade att med rätt substratbiasering och matchning (50 Ω), så ger RF-omkopplaren 2,5 dB förlust (IL) på upp till 27 dBm ineffekt och över 30 dB isolering med 30 dBm ineffekt vid 2 GHz

6-9 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier Design and Implementation

Low-noise amplifier design (LNA) is a critical step when designing a receiver front- end. For the broadband technologies and particularly ultra-wideband (UWB) system, designing the LNA becomes more challenging. This master thesis mainly focuses on the LNA design for the European UWB recommendation, i.e. LNA covering the 6 - 9 GHz spectrum. Moreover, better understandings of the design process in correlation with the implementing of the LNA on a printed circuit board (PCB) were expected. The LNA was manufactured, assembled and measured with network analyzer. This report presents a complete functional design of an UWB LNA.